Infarction: yintoni na, izizathu zokuqala, iimpawu zokuqala, ukuxilonga kunye unyango. Iintlobo zokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo

Isifo se-Cardiovascular isicatshulwa esinye sezizathu zokufa kwabantu kumazwe amaninzi. Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo sisifo esiyingozi, sisiphi na isifo, sisiphi isizathu sokukhula, ngaba kunokuthintela eso sifo nendlela yokunceda isigulane? Sizakuzama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo ngokubanzi.

I-infarction - yintoni na?

Phantse wonke umntu uyazi malunga nale meko yingozi, kodwa indlela kunye nezizathu zokuphuhliswa azihlali zihlala zintlalontle, nangona kufuneka ziyaziwa ukukhusela loo ntsholongwane. I-infarct iphuhliswa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwegazi kwiindawo zesisu senhliziyo.

Le ntsholongwane ikwabizwa ngokuba yenye yeendlela zesifo senhliziyo. Ukuba igazi liphazamiseka ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-15-20, ke i-necrosis yezicubu eziphilayo zihamba, ezihamba kunye nentlungu enzima kwaye ingabangela ukufa.

I-Cardiologists ziqaphele ukuba abantu besilisa banesifo senhliziyo kaninzi, kuba emzimbeni wesifazane, i-estrogens ilawula izinga le-cholesterol egazini. Ngaphambili, iminyaka yobudala bokuphuhliswa kwe-infarction yayiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-60, kodwa ngoku iyancinci. Ukuxilongwa kwamatyala enyango, nakubantu abaselula.

Akusoloko isifo senhliziyo siphelela umntu obulalayo, kodwa kufuneka ukwazi ukuba emva kwengozi kukho njalo inqatha entliziyweni yakho, izigulane ezininzi emva kokudluliswa kwesi sifo zifumana ukukhubazeka.

I-infyoction ye-myocardial ikhula njani?

Ukubunjwa kwesifo senhliziyo kuqala ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale. Konke kuqala ngokusekwa kwee-atherosclerotic plaques, eziqala ukufaka kwiinqanawa ze-cholesterol embi. Iimpazamo zokubonakala kwakhe egazini ziziphoso kwisondlo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ezi zifakela zincinci i-lumen yemithambo yegazi, iphazamise ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo iyancipha kancinci, iiplathi ziba zikhulu kangangokuba nayiphi na into eyenza i-pathological effect kubo iholele ekuphumeni. Ngeli nqanaba, igazi ligalela, lenze i-thrombus, ebeka iinqwelo, ikhusela igazi ukuba lingadluli phambili. Yiyo kanye into eyenzekayo kwintliziyo yesantya ngexesha lokuphulukana.

Izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana

Ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kuqhubeka, izizathu zingase zihluke, kodwa into ephambili kukuba ukuyeka ukuhamba kwegazi kwiindawo ezithile zesisu senhliziyo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba:

• I-atherosclerosis yamathambo e- coronary, ngenxa yoko iindonga zeempahla zilahlekelwa yi-elasticity, i-lumen igxininisa i-atherosclerotic plaques.
• I-spasm yeenqwelo ze-coronary, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yoxinzelelo, umzekelo, okanye impembelelo yezinye izinto zangaphandle.
• I-thrombosis yemithambo, xa i-plaque iphela kwaye kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kuziswa entliziyweni.

Izinto ezinokubangela ukuba zinjalo zibandakanya:

• Ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwisifo somzimba.
• Umxholo ophezulu we "cholesterol" embi egazini.
• Ubukho bendlela enjalo embi, njengokutshaya.
• Ubukhulu bomzimba.
• Uxinzelelo lwengqondo.

• Isifo sikashukela.
• Inani elikhulu lokutya okunamafutha ekudleni.
• Ukuxinzezeleka kwengxaki.
• Abanye oogqirha baqwalasela impembelelo ye-psychosomatics, xa imbangela yokuphuhliswa kwe-infarction yintlupheko, ukunyamezela.
• Ukubambisana kwizesondo ezinamandla.
• Umsebenzi ophantsi.
• Kudala emva kweminyaka engama-40.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela, ukuba kukho intlangano yezinto ezininzi, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa intliziyo yanda.

Iintlobo zesifo

Ukuba sihlalutya intsholongwane enjalo njenge-infarction (esiyifumene kakade), izazi ze-cardiologists zihlukanisa iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ngokuxhomekeka kwiinkalo ezininzi.

Ukuba sicinga ngamagatya esi sifo, ngoko ahlukeneyo amane, ngalinye libhekiselele kwiimpawu zalo. Ubungakanani bendawo echaphazelekayo ikwaqwalaselwa ngoluhlu. Ukwabiwa:

• I-infarction enkulu ekujoliswe kuyo, xa i-necrosis yezicubu zithatha lonke ubukhulu be-myocardium.
• Icandelo elincinci, inxalenye encinci ichaphazelekayo.

Indawo iyahlukaniswa ngu:

• Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ye-ventricle efanelekileyo.
• I-ventricle ekhohlo.
• I-septum ye-interventricular.
• Uluhlu lwamacala.
• Udonga olungemva.
• Udongeni lwangaphambili lwentsimbi.

Infaration inokuvela ngeengxaki kunye ngaphandle, ngoko ke izazi ze-cardiologists zihlukanisa:

• Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
• Ngxaki.

Ukuhlala kwintlungu kunokukwazi ukuhluka, ngoko ke iindidi ezilandelayo zihluke:

• Ifom eqhelekileyo ene-syndrome yesifo emva kwe-sternum.
• Ifom ye-Atypical ingabonakaliswa ngentlungu esiswini, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, ukuxakeka kwesisu kunye nentloko. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kuvela ngokungabikho kwentlungu.

Iintlobo zee-infarts nazo zabiwe ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lophuhliso:

• Izifo eziphambili.
• I-infarction ephindaphindiweyo ye-myocardial.
• Kuphinda.

Ubomi emva kokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo kuza kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bentsholongwane, ukuma kwayo kunye ncedo olufike ngexesha.

Amanyathelo okutshatyalaliswa

Utshintsho oluthile kwi-heart muscle lukhula ngokulandelelana okuthile, ngoko ke izigaba ezilandelayo ze-infarction ziyahluka:

1. Ukuphambana kwangaphambili. Ubude beli xesha buvela kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa, ngeli xesha kwi-heart muscle sele iqulunqwe i-foci encinci ye-necrosis, kwindawo yazo kwaye ihlakulele ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
2. Ixesha elinzima kakhulu linokuhlala kumzuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini. I-Myocardial ischemia iyanda.
3. Isigaba esichukumisayo se-infarction sihlala iintsuku eziliqela. Ngeli thuba, iifom ze-necrosis ezintliziyweni kunye nokuhlaziywa okukodwa kwimizimba ye-muscle ewonakalisiweyo ibonakala.
4. I-postinfarction isigaba sinokuhlala kwisithuba seenyanga ezilisithandathu, ubuqhopho obuvela kwiisisombululo ezixhasayo zenziwe ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-myocardial infarction

Uxilongo luqala ngengxoxo kunye nesigulane. Ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba kukho iintlungu, luhlobo luni lobunjani abanalo, lide lide kangakanani, ukuba isigulane senza njani ukukhusela intliziyo kunye nokuba ngaba kukho umphumo wokuthatha unyango.

Emva koko izinto ezibeka umngcipheko zichongiwe, ngenxa yoko ugqirha uchaza indlela yokuphila, ukukhethwa kwenkanuko, ubukho bemikhwa emibi. Uhlalutyo lwembali yentsapho lwenziwa - ugqirha uyafumana ukuba kwintsapho umntu unesifo senhliziyo, nokuba kukho iimeko zesifo senhliziyo.

Isigulane sithunyelwa kwiimviwo kunye neemvavanyo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kwenziwa, kuvumela ukufumana iphakamileyo eliphezulu lamaseli egazi ezimhlophe, izinga eliphezulu le-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte, iimpawu ze-anemia-konke oku kuqala ukubonakalisa xa iiseli zeentliziyo zonakalisa.
2. Uhlalutyo lomchamo luya kunceda ukufumana i-pathologies ehambayo, enokubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
3. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-biochemical lwenziwa ukuze ufumane:

• Umxholo weCholesterol;
• Umlinganiselo we-cholesterol "embi" kunye "nokuhle";
• Ubukho be-triglycerides;
• Igazi legazi ukuze kuhlolwe umngcipheko ochaphazelekayo kunye ne-arteriosclerosis yemithana yegazi.

Ukuba kukho ukukrokreka kwesifo senhliziyo, i-enzyme ethile yegazi ihlolwe.

I-coagulogram yenziwe, inika izibonakaliso ze-clotting zegazi ezikunceda ukukhetha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weziyobisi unyango.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-myocardial infarction akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-electrocardiography. Iziphumo zeengcali ziyakwazi ukucacisa indawo yokugula, ubude bokuphuhliswa kunye nomlinganiselo wonakalo.

Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwenhliziyo lwenziwe ukufunda isakhiwo kunye nobukhulu bentliziyo ye-muscle, ukuvavanya umlinganiselo wonakalo lwe-vascular by atherosclerotic plaques.

I-X-ray inceda ukufumana utshintsho kwi-aorta ye-thoracic, imiphunga kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki.

I-Coronaroangiography isetyenziselwa kucacisa ukuxilongwa, ivumela ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo indawo kunye nesantya se-vasoconstriction.

I-tomography ekhompyutheni ngokuchaseneyo ikuvumela ukuba ufumane umfanekiso ochanekileyo wentliziyo, ukubonakalisa iimpazamo kwiindonga zayo, iigufi, ukungavumelekanga ekusebenzeni nasekunciphiseni iimpahla.

Emva kwazo zonke izifundo, ungadinga ukudibana nomgqirha.

Kuphela emva kokuba ukuxilongwa kugqityiwe, isigulane sinikezelwa unyango olufanelekileyo, oluya kunceda ekukholeni ubomi emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Symptomatology of pathology

Njengomthetho, i-infarction ayiyi kuvela ekuqaleni, ngokuqhelekileyo isigulane sele sifumene ingxaki ye-angina okanye ezinye izifo zentliziyo. Ukuba isifo senhliziyo siphula, iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala kubasetyhini kunye namadoda zinoku:

• Intlungu emva kwesifuba iba nzima kwaye ide. Intlungu inomsindo ovuthayo, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kunokuvalelwa, inokuhanjiswa kwihlombe, ingalo okanye intamo.

• Kukho ukuxiliswa kunye nokwandiswa kwendawo yentlungu.
• Isigulane asikwazi ukujamelana nokusebenza ngokomzimba.
• Ukwamkela "i-Nitroglycerin" ayinakunceda.
• Ngaphandle kokuphumla kukho ukuphefumula, ubuthathaka kunye nesisu.
• Ku nokuba novakalelo olungathandekiyo esiswini.
• Intliziyo yomculo iphukile.
• Ukuphefumula kuba nzima.
• Kukhona ukuthunga okubandayo, isikhumba sebala.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, kufuneka ucele umnxeba ngokukhawuleza ugqirha.

Uncedo lokuqala kumguli

Ukuba kukho ukukrokreka kwesifo senhliziyo, iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala kubasetyhini ziya kuqhubeka kuphela xa kungenako ukubonelela ngoncedo lwengxamiseko. Iqukethe oku kulandelayo:

• Umntu kufuneka ahlale phantsi okanye abekwe kwindawo ekhululekile.

• Ungagqiba ukucoca iimpahla.
• Ukubonelela ngomoya.
• Nika ipilisi phantsi kweelwimi "iNitroglycerin", ukuba ukuhlaselwa kunamandla, ngoko unako kunye nobabini.
• Ukuba akukho Nitroglycerin, ngoko unokusebenzisa i-Corvalol okanye i-Aspirin.

Uncedo olukhawulezileyo ngesifo senhliziyo luya kunceda ukukhulula intlungu ngexesha lokuhlaselwa nokunciphisa ingozi yeengxaki.

Iingxaki emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo

Kulula kakhulu ukuba kukho intliziyo yesifo ngaphandle kwengxaki, iziphumo zihlala zihlala zihlala njalo. Banciphisa ixesha lokuphila emva kokudlulelwa kwezilwanyana. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zezi ziphumo ezilandelayo:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo.
• Ukuphuma kwintliziyo yesisu.
• Aneurysm.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwecardiogenic.
• Ukuphululwa kwesidlo senhliziyo.

• Postinfarction angina.
• Pericarditis.

Infarth ingaba nemiphumo emibi, umzekelo:

• Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko, i-postinfarction syndrome iyakhula.
• Iingxaki zeTromboembolic zidlalwa ngokubanzi.
• Iingxaki ze-Neurotrophic system ye-nervous.

Izigulane ezininzi zinomdla kumbuzo wokuba ungaphila emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo? Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwimimandla emininzi: umlinganiselo wonakalo kwimisipha yentliziyo, ukuxhaswa kwexesha lokuqala, ukuphumelela nokuchaneka kweyeza, ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki.

Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-35% yezigulane ziyafa, uninzi lwazo ngaphambi kokuba zifike kwiziko lonyango. Ezi zi gulane eziye zahlaselwa yintliziyo, zihlala zinyanzeliswa ukuba zitshintshe ummandla wazo okanye zishiye umsebenzi, abaninzi banokukhubazeka.

Unokuthintela ukuthinteka kwesibini okanye ukuthintela ukubonakala kwayo

Wonke umntu ngoku uyaqonda malunga nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ukuba esi sifo esibi kakhulu esinokubangela ukufa okanye ukwenza into engavumelekanga. Kodwa konke kusezandleni zomntu - ukuba ulandela iziphakamiso ezithile, unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wale ngozi:

1. Ukuhlala ulawulwa kwinqanaba lexinzelelo legazi, ngokukodwa ukuba kukho ukwanda kwexesha.
2. Landela izinga leshukela legazi.
3. Ehlobo, thintela ukukhanya kwelanga ixesha elide.
4. Kubalulekile ukuhlaziywa ukutya kwakho, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokutya okunamafutha, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nokuvelisa izithelo kunye nemifuno.
5. Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, akufuneki ukuya kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, ukwanele ukuhamba imihla ngemihla, hamba kakhulu, ugibele ibhasikidi.
6. Ukuba impilo iyabiza kakhulu, ngoko kuya kufuneka ulahle ukutshaya nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, kwaye ungadlulanga nekhofi.
7. Gcina ubunzima bakho kwisiganeko, ukuba awukwazi ukuzinciphisa ngokwakho, ngoko unokutyelela isondlo sokutya esiza kunceda ukwenza inkqubo yesondlo somntu ngamnye.
8. Ekubeni kukho izifo ezingapheliyo kuyimfuneko ukubaphatha ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa, ixhala ngeentsholongwane zentliziyo, izifo ze-vascular.
9. Ukuba izalamane zafunyaniswa ukuba zine-infyoction ye-myocardial, ngoko umntu kufuneka athathe impilo yakhe ngokugqithiseleyo, ugweme abasebenzi abasebenza ngamandla.
10. Unyaka wonke kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuphumla okufanelekileyo kwidolophu, unokuya kwiintaba okanye kunxweme lolwandle.
11. Kancinci kunokwenzeka ukuba uzivelele kwiimithwalo zengqondo, ukufunda iindlela zokuphumla.
12. Zisoloko zivavanywa kwaye zithathe zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukufumana ngexesha eliphakamileyo leswekile okanye i-cholesterol egazini.

Ukuba isifo senhliziyo asikwazi ukuphetshwa, ngoko kufuneka senze yonke imizamo yokukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwesibili. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ulandele zonke iingcebiso zogqirha, uthathe imithi echanekileyo kwaye utshintshe indlela yokuphila.