Umthetho weMartial - yintoni na? Kuthetha ukuthini ukufakwa komthetho we-karate kwilizwe?

Kwimeko ethile imeko engatshatyalaliswayo isongela ubukho bombuso okanye ukhuseleko lwabemi bayo, ngokubhekiselele kumthetho welizwe amaninzi lomhlaba wokulwa nomtshato ungasetyenziswa. Yintoni na? Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezinjani ezinokuthi zenziwe? Indlela yokuziphatha kweli meko? Ngokuqhelekileyo, makhe sifumene ukuba yintoni umthetho we-martial ithetha.

Isiqhelo esipheleleyo sesigama

Umthetho weMartial ukuqaliswa kolawulo olukhethekileyo lwezobudlelwane bezomthetho kweli lizwe, ezenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kokusebenza kombuso kunye nokukhuselwa kwabemi bayo kwiimeko ezithile zezoxinzelelo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isizathu sokungeniswa kwalo mlinganiselo kungumsindo ongaphandle okanye usongelo. Kodwa kwimbali, kukho inani lamatyala apho, phantsi kokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi, ulawulo lomthetho we-karate lwaziswa. Oku kubangelwa imfuno yokukhusela abantu okanye ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komgaqo-siseko. Iziganeko ezifanayo zenzeke zombini e-US nakumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu.

Kwamazwe amaninzi anamhlanje, kungengobunkokheli bempi, kodwa intloko ka rhu lumente, uxanduva lokumiselwa komthetho we-karate. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuvunyelwe ukuvunyelwa kwesi sigqibo sepalamente yelizwe. Kwezinye iimeko, umthetho-mthetho uthatha inyathelo lokuzisa ulawulo olukhethekileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imiqathango yomthetho werhafu inikezela ngamagunya angeziwe karhulumente ophakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhawuleza kwimeko, kunye nokuncitshiswa okuthile kwiluhlu lwamalungelo nenkululeko yabemi.

Ezi zizona zizathu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu kunye nemiphumo yokungena komthetho we-karate, efana neli lizwe jikelele. Ngoku makhe sijonge iimeko zokusungulwa kunye nokusebenza komthetho we-karate kumazwe athile, siya kufunda ukuba ziphi iimpawu zabo, kwaye siza kuhlala kwiindawo ezithile ezenzeka ngaphambili.

Umthetho weMartial ngokomthetho weRussian Federation

Kwiimida zommandla waseRashiya, iimeko zokusungulwa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza kwalo mgaqo-siseko zibeka umthetho okhethekileyo "kuMthetho weMartial" owamkelwa ngoJanuwari 2002. Yavunywe yiPalamente ngoDisemba 2001.

Esi senzo sichaza yonke inkqubo yokwakheka komthetho we-karate eRussia, isiseko, izizathu, inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo kunye neemeko zokurhoxiswa.

Luphi umthetho we-kartial owethulwa eRashiya?

Umthetho onomthetho woluhlu unika ukuqaliswa kwale rhulumente kuphela xa kukho ulwaphulo lwasemzini lwangaphandle okanye usongelo lokuhlaselwa. Iimbangela zangaphakathi njengesizathu sokusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo asifakiwe. Kule meko, iimeko zengxamiseko zinikezelwa.

UMongameli weRussia Federation unelungelo lokuzisa umthetho wezobulo kwilizwe xa kwenzeka ukuba kukho izizathu eziyimfuneko. Ukwenza oku ngokukhupha umyalelo. Kuye, nakanjani, i-Duma ePhalamende kunye neBhunga leNkampani kufuneka liziswe ngokukhawuleza. I-SovFED imele ivume umyalelo okanye uyilahle.

Iimpawu ezigunyazisiweyo zale xwebhu zizathu zokusungulwa komthetho woluhlu, ummandla osebenza kuwo, umhla ochanekileyo wokuqala kolawulo.

Yintoni imimoya yaseRussia ecinga ngayo?

Ukususela kumzuzwana oboniswe kummiselo, umthetho wezobukhosi uqala ukusebenza. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kumaRashiya aqhelekileyo? Yintoni abafanele bayayazi ngayo?

Okokuqala, umthetho wezobukhosi ngumda woluleko lwamalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko. Ngokunjalo: ukuthintela iintlanganiso, iintlanganiso, iinqanaba ziqala ukusebenza. Imisebenzi yamacandelo kunye neminye imibutho yezopolitiko kwintsimi apho umthetho werhafu unqunywe. Ukongezelela, umda wokuba uhambele ilungelo lokunyuka kwabemi kunye nokunyakaza ngeendlela zithuthi, kuqaliswa ulawulo lwexesha lokufika, kuze kufikelelwe ukuvalwa kokungena kwiindawo ezithile. Ixesha lokuvalelwa kude kube kucaciswe kweemeko kwanda kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Enyanisweni, akukho mntu unelungelo lokukubamba ixesha elide kunelo xesha.

Kodwa kungekhona nje ukuba izenzo ezinjalo zibonisa ukufakwa komthetho we-karate. Ukuba oku akusiyo nje uchungechunge lweendlela ezinxulumene nokukhawulela inkululeko yabemi, kubonisa ukuba kukho ezinye izinto ezisemthethweni. Okokuqala, ukusekwa kweerhulumente ezizodwa kwizibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukukhutshwa kwelokugqibela.

Ikwabonelela ngokuzihlukanisa kwabantu baseburhulumenteni baseRashiya, ebudeni bemimandla yabo. Ngaphezu koko, oku kuyenziwa nje ngeenjongo zokhuselo lwentlalo, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukukhuseleka kwabangaphandle.

Ukongezelela, kuqaliswa ukunyanzeliswa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko amaRashiya avunyelwe ukuba ahambe kwamanye amazwe.

Kodwa ingongoma ephambili yalo mthetho yinto enokwenzeka yokubandakanya imikhosi exhobileyo ukuqinisekisa umyalelo kunye nomyalelo.

Ukupheliswa komthetho we-karate eRashiya

Umthetho weMartial eRussian Federation, kunye nokusungulwa kwawo, unokukhanselwa ngumyalelo kaMongameli welizwe. Oku kwenziwa xa intloko kaRhulumente isenza isigqibo sokuba iimeko ezimphoqelele ukuba azise ulawulo olukhethekileyo. Umthetho we-karate uphinde ususwe ukuba awuvunywanga yi-Council Federation. Azikho ezinye iindlela zokususa ulawulo olukhethekileyo.

Iziganeko zokusungulwa komthetho we-karate kwintsimi yaseRashiya

Ngeli xesha lolawulo lwaseRashiya, kwakungekho nxalenye yegama elithi "umthetho wokulwa", kodwa kwakukho ixesha elifanayo - "imeko yokukhusela". Olu rhu lumente lwenziwa kwimimandla esondeleyo ngaphambili kwemisebenzi yemikhosi, kwakunye nakumaaphondo aphethwe yintambo ephazamisayo. Ngokukodwa ininzi yeziganeko zokusungulwa kombuso wokukhusela kwakukho ngo-1905-1906, xa ilizwe lafunyanwa yintlangano.

Kwixesha lamaSoviet, igama elithi "umthetho wokulwa nomthetho" wawubandakanyiwe kumthetho welizwe. Kuphela i-Presidium ye- Supreme Soviet yase-USSR inelungelo lokulifaka . Kodwa wawasebenzisa ngamagunya kuphela ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Emva koko umthetho wezahlulo wawusungulwa kummandla ohlala kuwo nangaphambili, kunye nakwiindawo ezibalulekileyo eziphambili.

Amatyala okusetyenziswa komthetho we-karate eRussian Federation

Ukususela ekubunjweni kweRussia Federation kude kube ngoku, umthetho wezobukhosi awuzange uqaliswe kwintsimi yawo. Nangona maxesha emfazwe yaseChechen , kuphela yimeko yongxamiseko kwaye ulawulo lwentsebenziswano yamaphekula luye lwaziswa kwimimandla efunyenwe yimisebenzi yempi. Enyanisweni, uJokhar Dudaev uqalise umthetho wezobukhosi kwintsimi elawulwa ngabahlaseli, kodwa akazange akwenze njengenhloko yombandela waseRashiya, kodwa njengomongameli we-Ichkeria ozimele.

Umthetho weMartial e-Ukraine

Ngoku makhe sijonge imeko kule kwamanye amazwe apho umthetho wokulwa nomthetho uqaliswa khona. Yintoni, umzekelo, e-Ukraine?

Kumthetho waseUkraine, le ngcamango ikhona. Ilawulwa nguMthetho kwiNkqubo yoMthetho weMartial Law. Esi senzo samukelwa yi-Verkhovna Rada ngo-2000, kodwa emva koko kwaxhaswa ngokutshintshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ekugqibeleni oko kwaqaliswa ngoMeyi 2015, ngokumalunga nokulwa kwi-Donbass kunye nokwandisa amathuba okusebenzisa umthetho wokulwa. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kukukhanya kwenguqu entsha yomthetho?

Ukulungiswa kwemithetho yase-Ukraine

Ngoko, phantsi komthetho waseUkraine umthetho we-martial law ungeniswa nje ngenxa yechukutho lwangaphandle, kodwa ngokunxulumene neemeko ezisongela ukuzimela okanye indawo yokuthembeka kwelizwe.

Isigqibo sokusungulwa kwalo mbuso senziwa ngumongameli, kodwa iVerkhovna Rada iyayivuma ngokuzenzekelayo. Impembelelo yomthetho we-karate inokwandiswa kokubili kwilizwe lonke nakwicandelo ngalinye.

Ngokwalo mthetho, xa ulawulo lwangeniswa, ulungelo olubalulekileyo lwamalungelo kunye nenkululeko yomntu linokwenzeka. Okokuqala, ilungelo lokunyuswa kwenkululeko ludityanisiwe, ulawulo oluphambili lwepasipoti kunye nexesha lokufika kwenyanga. Kwakhona, ukuba kunyanzelekile, inkonzo yokunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi kwiimfuno zoshishino lokhuselo zingeniswa.

Umthetho unika ithuba lokuthintela imisebenzi yamaqela ezopolitiko, umsebenzi we-intanethi, ithelevishini kunye neminye imithombo yolwazi.

Ukongezelela, ithuba lokukhupha abantu ukusuka kwimfazwe kunye noxanduva lwabahlali beendawo zokuhlala ukuba bahlaziywe ukuze banikezele ababaleki nazo zonke izinto ezifunekayo.

Imingcele yamalungelo oluntu oza kwenzeka phantsi kwalo myalelo xa kwenzeka ukuqaliswa kweerhulumente okhethekileyo akunakuyithintela kwiinkundla zamazwe ngamazwe.

Yilokho umthetho we-karate uthetha e-Ukraine.

Umthetho weMartial eBelarus

Ngoku makhe sijonge indlela umgaqo weRiphabhuliki yaseBelarus ubheka ngayo umthetho wezobukhosi. Yintoni ephantsi kwemithetho kweli lizwe?

E-Belarus kukho isenzo somthetho "kwi-Martial Law" ukususela ngo-2003. Ngokutsho kwakhe, isiseko sokusungulwa kolawulo olukhethekileyo kukuhlaselwa kolunye urhulumente okanye usongelo lomkhosi. Kodwa nesizathu sokusungulwa komthetho we-karate sinokucingelwa ukuba kukho ubuqu beempi ezichasiweyo ezibhekiselele kummandla. Ngaloo ndlela, umthetho ungasetyenziselwa ngokusemthethweni ukulwa nesitha esingaphandle.

Umthetho weMartial uqala ukusebenza ngenxa yesigqibo sikaMongameli, kodwa ngokuvunyelwene ngokusemthethweni kwiintsuku ezintathu ngeBhunga leRiphabhliki. Kwinqaku yokuqala yokuqala yomthetho, kuthiwa kwimeko yokuqaliswa kwale rhulumente, umqobo othile wemalungelo kunye nenkululeko kunye nokunikezelwa kwemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo kubemi kubonelelwa.

Umthetho we-karate kufuneka ususwe emva kokuba uMongameli akhuphe umyalelo ofanelekileyo.

Umthetho weMartial kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi

Okwangoku siye sathetha kuphela ngamazwe ase-post-Soviet. Kodwa ungayisebenzisa njani umthetho wokulwa nomda wamazwe angaphandle? Yintoni, umzekelo, kubahlali baseSpain okanye base-US?

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba umthetho we-kartial inxaxheba kwiidemokrasi ezininzi ufana kakhulu. Ngoko akukho mvelaphi ebalulekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nemithetho yaseRashiya, iUkraine neBelarus. Ngendlela efanayo nakwamanye amazwe: kwimeko yokuqaliswa komthetho wokulwa, amalungelo kunye nenkululeko yomntu anqunyulwa. Ukwahlukana nje kuphela kumlinganiselo wamanqanaba.

Ukwahlukana kuphela okusemthethweni kumthetho wamazwe ahlukeneyo kukukwazi ukusebenzisa umthetho wezobuhlanga xa kwenzeka umqubuzana welizwe. Imithetho yamanye amazwe ivumela le nto, ngelixa abanye bevumela ukufakwa kwale rhu lumente kuphela ngobudlova bangaphandle. Ngoko ke, umthetho wezosahlulo kwixesha elihlukeneyo waveliswa ngumbhikisho lwangaphakathi eMelika, eFransi nasePoland.

Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba kumazwe athetha iSpanish, elinye ixesha lidla ngokusemthethweni, oko kukuthi, "isimo sokungqingwa".

Ukuba sithetha ngamanye amazwe apho kukho ulawulo oluqinileyo, ngoko inkqubo yokwazisa umthetho we-martial ilula kwaye ixhomekeka ngokwenene ngokuthanda komntu oyedwa. Kwaye kunye nemimiselo yamalungelo nenkululeko xa uzisa umbuso onjalo kunzima kunamazwe okwemokhrasi.

Iziphumo ezipheleleyo

Ewe, kuya kuba ngcono ukusebenzisa umthetho kumthetho wokulwa. Kodwa, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, kubalulekile ukuvuselela kwaye kwenziwe isicwangciso senkqubo esilungele ukulungiselela ukuzimela nokuthembeka kwelizwe, kunokuthatha imithetho efanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, umthetho ngokusungulwa komthetho we-kartial malunga neli lizwe libonisa ukuthintela okuthile kumalungelo nenkululeko yabemi balo, kodwa oku kusengumlinganiselo ongenakukuphelisa kwintlondi yangaphandle.