Ukwehla labemi Natural - kwakuwo ukufa phezu lokuzalwa

goci kwiimeko mihla xa nolwazi Russian. Ukuba thelekisa ilizwe ngokwemiqathango labemi, eRashiya, Kakade ke, ayisilulo kwaphela uyilo indawo yokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ukungabikho iingxaki. ngakumbi Cinga ukuba ukwehla kwabantu yendalo.

ukuba nombono

Ukuba eRashiya okwangoku, nokuba inani ezikhoyo kutshatwa ukufa ngamnye amawaka 1. Abantu. ngokufanayo kumazwe Western, imeko yezibalo kuya kuba ngcono kakhulu. одна из наиболее актуальных проблем сегодня в стране. ukuhla Natural labemi - le yenye yezona ngxaki ibunzi kweli lizwe namhlanje. Oku kuvela njengesiphumo kwakuwo yokufa phezu lokuzalwa.

Indlela sibhiyozela Windows RT, ukuba inani lamathole namhlanje sigcinwe kwinqanaba nenani-80. leminyaka yokugqibela, xa, indawo kwilizwe lethu ngokwemiqathango yabemi kuya kuba kakhulu isalathiso ekhoyo okwangoku ngokokuzalwa. Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba akukho enomfanekiso, nto ekubumbeni okuhambisa elizayo. Kuchazwa phantsi wenzala lulonke kunye nokufa. . iiyantlukwano zabo, ke, ibonisa umyinge zendalo ukwanda / ukuncipha kwinani labantu bebonke.

izibalo

Kufuneka wathi inqanaba elisezantsi yokuzala ukuba urhulumente akukho iyingozi ngaphantsi ukwehla kwabantu yendalo. подтверждается статистическими данными. Oku kuqinisekiswa yi-manani. Kule minyaka-13 edlulileyo, izigidi 20.4 abantu abaye bafa eRashiya, yaye ukususela 1992 ukuya ku-2004 - .. million 28.2 igalelo ukwandisa kuye kwabonakala inani lokufa izihlandlo ezine ngaphezu ukuhla kwesantya wokuzalwa. Nangona ukuba kuyiwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo Rosstat kukho iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo kuba kakhulu lula ukuhlalutya intsingiselo jikelele depopulation.

1992. Со следующего, 1993-го г., ее показатель ниже 750 тыс. чел. Unyaka wokuqala kwimbali yale mihla, apho kwakubhalwe khona ukwehla labemi yendalo - ngu 1992. Ngomhla olandelayo, 1993, xa inani yayo ngaphantsi kwe 750 amawaka abantu .. Andizange angawi. Ngowe-1994, kwisithuba sokuqala post-imfazwe izinga lokusweleka ngaphaya abantu abazizigidi 2.3. Ngokulandelelana, ndanda ukuhla kwenani yendalo. был не одномоментный всплеск. Akuzange ngexesha elinye-kwakhula. A ombi omtsha. Oku kungqinwe amanani manani: ukususela 1993 ukuya ku-1996 sasifana ngaphezulu kwe 3250 amawaka abantu, kwaye kule minyaka ilandelayo lanyuka ukuya 3350 amawaka abantu .... Kwinkulungwane yama-21 (ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2004) isalathisi ngaphaya 3550 amawaka. Abantu.

inkqubo uhlawula

в той либо другой степени возмещалось притоком мигрантов. Nokwehla labemi elithile okanye omnye wokufika elinokufumaneka abafakwa. Ngowe-1994 inani labo ezimawaka 846. Abantu. Ngale ndlela, 95% okubangwa kwalinganiswa. Kule uhlalutyo data yonke eminye iminyaka kubonisa ukuncitshiswa chu indima zembuyekezo inkqubo yokufuduka. Ngokubanzi,-13 iminyaka imeko depopulation kwalinganiswa malunga 35.2% (ezigidi 3.6 zabantu.). Ngowe-1992-1996 ilizwe awawafumana ukufuduka ngaphezulu kwe 2325 amawaka abantu, yaye ukususela 2001 ukuya ku-2004 - .. nje 282.000. Okwangoku, iinkqubo ukufuduka, enyanisweni, musa sigqibe ukuba ukuhla zendalo ezikhulayo.

izizathu

Ukunciphisa inani yeengcali kude ezinxulumene kunye ekuthotyweni United elalisakuba yiSoviet Union ekuthiwa-imfuduko isakhono. Ebudeni beminyaka 90-xx. e Russian weza ngokuqhubekayo abantu abavela kumazwe angabamelwane. Ngelo xesha nye waba ligorha phakathi kwabo Russian. Ubukhulu omncinane phakathi ababeqala bomthonyama of Kazakhstan, zaseCaucasus, Wed. Asia. Ngokubanzi, kuwo onke amazwe ye kufutshane phesheya ukuba amawaka 1. Iindwendwe Russian ngo-1989-2003, labuyela abantu malunga 370 eRashiya.

Uninzi lizwe waya Belarus, unguyena mncinanana kubo bonke - e Azerbaijan. Ngenxa yokufika labantu Russian liye gu yi-7, kunye nabantu abazizigidi 4 kuphela. Ngokutsho kubalo-2002, malunga ne-1,5 million abantu liye lenyuka ngenxa ngakumbi kutshintsho njengenxalenye Belarusians kwaye Ukraine ukuba bangoobani wesizwe.

Ngelo xesha, iingcali njengoko engundoqo zokunciphisa sizathu abantu kwemali evela kumazwe angabamelwane ebibizwa yokuncipha kwenani umthamo isikali, uze utshintshe useto ukuthuthelwa abo kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR ayikwazanga ukubuyela kwilizwe labo. Oku, baphenjelelwa nkqubo kulandelwa ngurhulumente waseRashiya.

Ubunkokeli lizwe, ingakumbi, ayikwazanga basebenzise le meko intle. Ngokunxulumene ucalucalulo, kubonakala ukwamkelwa imithetho ulwimi, ngummi, amalungelo okuvota njalo njalo. Kwamanye amazwe ukuba abantu Russian abathetha ukulungele ukubuyela kweli lizwe. Kodwa indlela yakhe wadibana abemi imiqobo wadala ngabasemagunyeni. Ngako oko, yonke iminqweno yabo emva eRashiya ngokukhawuleza kucinywa.

Ukuthelekisa namanye amazwe

Emva kwemfazwe, France, nangona akukho nzima ngaphantsi kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, ngaba kubuyiselwa kwi North. Afrika malunga 1.5-2 yezigidi zabantu, okt. E. Phantse zonke bakhaya. Germany Malunga 10-12 yezigidi zabantu, Japan - .. 4.5 million Oku kuya kwenza amazwe ukwandisa labemi 5-6%. Imeko post-imfazwe kula mazwe kubonisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Ezibanjiswe meko efanayo, Russia iphantse 90 ekupheleni. Wabakhapha imigaqo ezichasene ngokomdla wabo wesizwe. Oku kuboniswa kwisigqibo okokuqala ngoko nangoko emva kokuzimela geqe, umthetho "Kwi ngummi". Ummiselo waseka inani nemiqobo abantu bebuyela Russia emva 1992

Le wumbe point

Kufuneka, ke, kunokuthiwa phambi 1999, nokuba ilahleko yokufudukela yendalo yhuu ukuhla esithintelweyo kwenani labantu eRashiya. Ukususela ngo 1992 ukuya 1998. zibalo 279 amawaka abantu / ngonyaka (ixabiso lilonke -. 1950 amawaka abantu) ... Kule minyaka 6 elandelayo, unciphiso yayisele yayintle - 4785 amawaka abantu .. Ngoko ke, ebudeni depopulation inani abemi lehlile ngabantu abazizigidi 4.9-6.8.

iziphumo

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amazwe aphuhlileyo, eRashiya unenani kwiimpawu ezininzi depopulation. ? Yintoni ecacisa ukwehla labantu yendalo? ERashiya, ukuhla okuchuma kwinqanaba apho inzala bayakwazi endaweni 3/5 kuphela besizukulwana lobuzali, zincediswa kunye lokufa linyukile. Le yokugqibela, nayo, kunciphisa iminyaka yobomi engama-12-15, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Oku kwakhokelela abangabamelwane kwezi zixeliweyo kunye namazwe afana Vietnam, Guatemala, Honduras, Egypt njalo njalo. EYurophu, akukho karhulumente apho iminyaka yobomi babantu kuba ngaphantsi kwe eRashiya.

isiphelo

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ilahleko yendalo ayikho into entsha uluntu ehlabathini. Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20. kwimo depopulation wahlala France. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 kunye nemeko esikuyo kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ekuqaleni nenani-70. sizoku lwisana iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu sokuphuhlisa inani lamathole okokuqala kwixesha kwemfazwe ligqithisile inani ngokokuzalwa. Le meko liqhubeka namhlanje.

Ukucutheka yendalo waphawula ukususela ngowe-1975 e-Austria. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo, uthi ukwanda owayeligqolo inani labantu (1 keli. Per 1 amawaka.). Imeko yayifana eBelgium Italy, kunye imi--90. - eSweden, Spain Greece. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 80s. ukwehla zendalo iqatshelwe Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria kunye namanye amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu.

Ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2004. e Russia inani lamathole kunyaka ngamnye ngentla yokuzalwa 800-950 amawaka nganye. bantu. Inani lilonke kuncitshiswa 750-900 yezigidi ngonyaka. Le meko nzima kukuba ukufuduka ilahlekelwe indima yayo zembuyekezo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinga ukuhla kwenani labantu eRashiya bazimisele kuphela xa inkcitho zendalo. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi urhulumente kwindawo enzulu kwingxaki yezibalo.