Umthetho: ukusukela kwiliphi iinyaka ezithathwa kwi-nursergarten. Kususela kuluphi unyaka abayifumana kwi-nursergart eMoscow

Ngokumalunga nelokuba kwiminyaka engama-90 kukho ukuhla kwezinga lokuzalwa kweli lizwe, izikolo ezininzi zemfundo zangaphambili zivaliwe. Ukususela ngo-2000, izinga lokuzalwa labantwana laqala ukunyuka kwaye luquka ingxaki yokungabikho kweendawo.

Abazali abahamba ngekhefu lokubeletha abakwazi ukucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo ukungena kwabo emsebenzini, kunye nezingane zikhula ngaphandle kwezinga elifanelekileyo lemfundo, elikhokelela kwingxaki ekufundiseni kwiziko eliphambili esikolweni.

Umbuzo osoloko obuzwayo kwilizwe lethu: "Abantwana baya kubantwana beminyaka engakanani?" Kubalulekile ukuqonda.

Imiba ephambili

Ummiselo kwiziko lezemfundo zangaphambi kwesikolo uNombolo 666 kaSeptemba 12, 2008 uphendula umbuzo othi: "Bavela kwiphi iminyaka yobudala?" Ngendlela elandelayo: phambi kwamacandelo omdaka, unokunika umntwana ithuba lokufumana unyaka owodwa. Kwamanye amaziko, abantwana bayamkelwa ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbini. Kodwa abafundi abanjalo be-DOW bahlukileyo.

Ndingathanda ukuphawula ukuba ukuba ngaba abazali banethuba lokungabaniki abantwana babo kwi-kindergarten ngexesha elidala, ngoko kufuneka lithatyathwe, njengoko isistim somzimba somntwana, esingaqinisekisiwe, siya kuhlolwa.

Ukubhaliswa komntwana kwiqela lezonkcenkceshe akuvumeli abazali ukuba batyelele umsebenzi ngokuqinisekileyo, kuba izifo zendalo ezahlukileyo ziya kuqala ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Ukongezelela koko, udibanisa yonke into yokugoma, okuye ngezinye amaxesha kufuneke ukuba kufakwe isithuba sokunqanda ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5 kwikhalenda.

Umthetho omtsha kwiziko lezemfundo zasesikolweni ukususela ngo-2015 kumbuzo othi: "Bafanele bathathe ixesha elingakanani kwi-nursergarten?" - banikeza enye impendulo. Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukuya kweyisixhenxe ubudala, kufuneka banikezwe iindawo kwi-kindergartens. Kwaye abazali banelungelo lokunika umntwana wabo kwi-DOW nanini na ukuba umntwana uhlangabezana neendlela ezichazwe.

Kindergartens yaseMoscow

Abazali abaninzi abahlala kwiRussia Federation banomdla wokuba kuphela abakwaziyo ukuchonga umntwana wabo kwisikolo sangaphambili. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo unokuyayiva umbuzo wesalathisi esilandelayo: "Bayithatha nini ukuya kwi-kindergarten eMoscow?"

Kubonakala ngathi ayikho ingxaki kwi-capital. Kakade, oku kude kwimeko. EMoscow, kwakhona, kukho imigca, ingakumbi ukususela ekubeni eli li-megacity, apho kunye nabemi amaninzi amaninzi. Okwangoku, kukho amaqiniso awaziwa kukuba abantwana baseMoscow baqala ukuthatha kwiminyaka yokuqala ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-2.5, nangona ngokomthetho bonke abantwana kufuneka banikezelwe ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-3.

Ngoko ke, abasemagunyeni baseMoscow bahlakulela ibhilikhwe ukuba izikolo zasesikolweni ziza kufuneka zamkele bonke abantwana abaneminyaka engama-2 ubudala. Inokuthenjwa ukuba ngelixa elizayo kuya kubakho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kumthetho kwiziko lemfundo zangaphambili. Kwaye umbuzo othi: "Baya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuya kwi-nursergarten?" Kuya kuba nako ukuphendula ngesibindi - ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2.

Kutheni i-triennium?

Ngoko, ngokomthetho weRussian Federation, abantwana kufuneka banikezwe ngeendawo kwiziko lemfundo zangaphambi kwesikolo, bafikelela kwiminyaka engama-3.

Bantoni ukuba abantwana baya ku-ageergarten? Uninzi lwezikolo eziphambi kwezikole zikhetha ukungahambi kumgaqo-siseko. Kutheni bengathathi abantwana esikolweni ngaphambili? Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto:

• Ukuqiniswa kwe-immune system yomntwana;
• Ukungabikho kwezigonyo zokukhusela;
• Ingqondo engaqinisekanga yengqondo yomntwana;
• Ukungakwazi ukudala amaqela anenani elikhulu labantwana (kuba abantwana abanalo izakhono zokuqala zokuzimela);
• Ubunokufumana omnye wabazali kwikhefu lokubeletha ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-3 (eli qiniso luchazwe ngumthetho weRussian Federation);
• Kuphela kwiminyaka engama-3 umntwana uqala ukufuna ukunxibelelana ukuze athole ulwazi olutsha kunye nezakhono.

Yintoni endiyidingayo ukuba ndiyazi?

Ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukuba uneminyaka engakanani e-nursergarten, kufuneka ufumane iimpendulo kule mibuzo elandelayo:

1. Umntwana ufanele ukuba abhale ixesha elingakanani ukuba abhale isicelo sokwamkelwa esikhungweni semfundo esikolweni?
2. Ingaba kukho umgca kwi-kindergartens kwaye ukhulu kangakanani na?
3. Ziziphi iimpepha ezifunekayo ukujoyina umgca?
4. Ngaba abazali banalo ilungelo lokunika ilungelo lokubaluleka?

Iingcali zengqondo malunga neemeko zeminyaka yobudala

Iingcali, uphendula umbuzo othi: "Bavela kwiphi ubudala ubudala ukuba bathathe umntwana kwi-kindergarten?" -bambe uluvo olufanayo. Sekunjalo, ukuba akukho zizathu eziphosakeleyo, abantwana kufuneka bajikelezwe kwaye banakekele iminyaka engama-3. Abantwana abasadingi ukunxibelelana nabaontanga, njengoko baqala ukufumana izakhono zokunxibelelana ngomlomo. Ukuchitha ixesha elide kunye nomntu othandekayo ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa okokuqala, kubangela ukubetha kabuhlungu kwi-psyche yengane.

Kwiimeko apho umama egqibeleleyo ukugqiba ukunika umntwana kwi-kindergarten, udinga ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo ngexesha lakhe lokukhulula. Ukongezelela, umntwana ufuna ukuthetha ngakumbi. Kufanelekile ukuchaza ukuba ukwahlukana okwethutyana. Awukwazi ukuphulaphula isithembiso sokuthabatha umntwana emva kokutya kwintsimi. Oku kunokubangela ukucaphuka, ukungathembeki okanye ukufihla.

Yintoni kufuneka umntwana akwazi ukuyenza xa engena kwisiko lemfundo esikolweni?

Umthetho unembopheleleko kuyo yonke imibuzo ephathelele kwimfundo yasesikolweni. Baya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuya kwizikole? 3! Into enokuthi ngokwemimiselo yezikole zemfundo zangaphambi kwesikolo umntwana ongena kwi-kindergarten kufuneka abe nezakhono ezininzi ezinokufunda kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 iminyaka. Ziquka:

• Ikhono lokuzisebenzisa ukutya ngokutya;
• Ukukwazi ukuhlamba, usula ubuso bakho nezandla ngetayili;
• Ukukwazi ukucela ibumbi;
• Ithuba lokudlala imizuzu eyi-15 ngokwabo.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, xa kunika umntwana kwi-kindergarten ubudala, abazali kufuneka baqonde ukuba zonke ezo zakhono azikho. Oku kubangela ukungathandi okongezelelweyo kubantwana be-kindergarten, njengoko ootitshala baqala ukufuna ukuphunyezwa kwezi zenzo.

I-kindergarten yangasese

Kwili hlabathi lanamhlanje kubazali abanabantwana abangenanga esikhungweni semfundo yasesikolweni, kwakukho enye indlela yokunika umntwana kwi-kindergarten yangasese. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela abantwana, oomama nabantwana abafumana imali eyaneleyo yokufikelela kwisiko esinjalo baya kuba nako.

Baya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kwi-kindergarten yangasese? Singaqiniseka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abantwana bathatyathwa kwiindawo ezinjalo kwiminyaka engama-1.

I-kindergartens yangasese ihlala yincinci - ngamaqela amabini okanye ama-3. Ziyindlela ekhethiweyo kwaye akukho ndlela ichaphazela uluhlu lokulinda kubhaliso lwabantwana kwirejista yaseburhulumenteni. Kule meko, iSebe lezeMfundo aliniki iimvume zokutyelela i-kindergarten yangasese: esi sinqumo sokuzithandela sabazali.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kweziko langasese langasese?

Okokuqala, abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba ukuhlala kwengane engadini kufuneka kuhlawule umrhumo wenyanga. Ayikho yonke intsapho enezinga eliphezulu lokufumana imali elinokukwazi ukufumana olo lonwabo. Izona zixabisa kakhulu zii-nursergart eMoscow. Ngenyanga yokuhlala kwezinye zazo kufuneka unike ama-ruble amawaka angama-30.

Zinamaziko abucala kunye neenzuzo zabo. Izingane apha zibandakanya kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo. Umntwana ngamnye unendlela ethile. Amaqela amancinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba umfundi unokunikwa ingqwalasela eyaneleyo. Isihloko esihlukeneyo kukutya. Imenyu yenziwe kunye nabazali. Oku kudibanisa abo bantwana, ngubani ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi eziboniswa ukutya kokutya.

Emva kwegama

Musa ukubuza umbuzo: "Baya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuya kubantwana?" De kube umntwana uneminyaka eli-1 ubudala. Kufuneka sihlawule ngakumbi ingqalelo kwimpilo yomntwana, uphuhliso lwakhe olubanzi.

Kufanelekile ukunikela lonke ixesha lakho lokukhulula kwintsapho yakho, kuba ngenxa yale njongo ikhefu lokubeletha linikezelwa. Kususela kumzuzwana wokuzalwa kunye ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-3 ukuba umntwana ufune ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nokunakekelwa ngumama.

Yaye ukuba kukho iingxaki zemali kwintsapho? Kwiyiphi na imeko enzima, unokufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Abatshati banomqondo wokujonga umsebenzi kunye negrafu ye-2 * 2. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana uya kuba kunye nomama noyise.

Baya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuya kwizikole? Ukuba eli liziko langasese, umntwana unokukuthatha kwiinyanga ezili-12. Nangona kunjalo, ungakulibali ukuba ulwalamano olusondeleyo nabazali abasemncinci luya kuthintela ubomi bonke bomntwana. Musa ukukhawuleza.