Imizekelo likaxakeka. Ukunyikima oko, kwenkanyamba unogumbe

Imizekelo esiphuthumayo kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabonisa ukuba iziganeko zendalo kunokukhokelela kwintlekele. Ukomelela iingozi zendalo ngokufuthi etshabalalisayo kwaye ikhokelela kwintlekele ezimbi. Nyaka ngamnye, izazinzulu akweyoku-1 million abantu intlokoma wenyikima microseismic zomhlaba. Malunga 100 zazo perceptible ebantwini, yaye 1000 ebangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngaba usesichengeni intlokoma wenyikima: indawo iMeditera, kumazantsi Eurasia ePortugal, esinga ngasentshonalanga lommandla esempuma Malay Archipelago kunye kummandla wePasifiki, nto leyo lingqongwe yi-Pacific Ocean. Oku kuquka iintaba: i Andes Cordillera, eCrimea, malayas, neCaucasus, i Carpathians, i Apennines kunye Alps.

Le nyikima ilinganiselwa kwi kwisikali samanqaku ayi-12 ngezakhi. push zithokombisile eqingqiweyo ngenqaku elinye. isikolo ngasinye entsha kuthetha ukuba omnye ngokukhuthaza amaxesha-10 ngaphezu ezidlulileyo. Uninzi iinyikima zomhlaba ezithandwayo ezibhalwe 1906 e-California (USA) - 10 amanqaku, ngowe-1923 e-Japan - ngaphezu kwe-10 amanqaku. Wafela apha, kukho abantu malunga namawaka 150. Ngowe-1928, bachatshazelwa yi-iingcangcazela e amanqaku 8 Spitak. Esi sixeko satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 amawaka abantu. Iintshatsheli ngenani kunye namandla neenyikima ingqalelo Chile kunye Japan.

Izazinzulu ziye zabhala intlokoma ngaphezulu kwe 1000 ezisentlabathini ngonyaka ngamnye kula mazwe. Le Barr kakhulu emhlabeni kuvela kufuphi kwiziqithi Japanese Suruga kunye Sagami. okunzulu ababuthathaka awayezibona Niigata. Abahlali balapha baqhele kakhulu oku ukuba ayinandaba kakhulu. City ahlangabezana ilahleko enkulu: ukuwa kwiipleyiti ngobunono ndiwanyikimise indlu.

Komhlaba Japan

A ukunyikima eJapan, kukho indawo evulekileyo. Emhlabeni, ayangena emhlabeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baba ngokubanzi, umhlaba genge, ngokungathi kwi ingqalelo. Ukuba intlokoma emangalisayo esebenzayo, umhlaba ngokoqobo zonakaliswa uphakamisa siziinduli.

Le nto ibonakala Japan (1923) kwi-South Kanto. indawo ukunyikima wayephantsi Sagami Bay. On coast awo etshiswe phantse kuzo zonke izindlu. Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa inyikima eJapan, eyona emibi yonke.

Nasemizini Yokohama kunye uTokyo walawula uphaphazele. Xa ikomkhulu Japan wababulala abantu 6000. phantse yonke isixeko watshabalalisa Umlilo isidumo. okunzulu ezomeleleyo kwenzeka ebudeni kwisiqingatha sesibini ngosuku.

Phantse nangoko, kuyo yonke kwakukho imililo omlilo. umoya Gusty wathwala umlilo kuyo yonke indawo. iipokotho ezithile lomlilo, ugalelwe omnye nomnye, yaye kungekudala sele umlilo kuvela macalana onke. Abantu babebaleka yonke ukubaleka umlilo. Ngoko ke, ngeli inyikima basala bengenamakhaya-3.5 sezigidi zabantu Japanese kunye nabantu abali-150 000 bafa. Japan iye ubunzima ilahleko ezinkulu, nto leyo amaxesha 5 ngaphezulu kwe inkcitho kweli lizwe emfazweni Russian-Japanese.

mlilo

Izazinzulu ziye ingxelo malunga iwaka mlilo. Qho kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwi-mlilo esele yongeza ezintsha ezintathu. Kuyinto buyinto akucingeleki, kwaye emangalisayo! Ngokutsho izazinzulu, mlilo yokuqala ukuvela kwi planethi kwiminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 eyadlulayo.

Lo mlilo endala use Ukraine. Igama Kara-Dag. Iqhuma la mandla ezenzeka malunga nezigidi 150 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Okwangoku, Kara-Dag ayikho isoyikiso, akunakwenzeka ukuba bathini abanye kunoogxa dumeke.

Krakatau mlilo ibekwe Sunda Strait Indonesia kaThixo. dubulo embi evela izibilini intaba kwakukho ngo-1883. Oku kubhalwe ukuba lo mzuzu okubulala waya ehlabathini lonke mlilo amaxesha 7 yaze yabangela itsunami omkhulu ukuba ifikelele kubude oziimitha ezingama-30! Ngenxa yokuba la malunga kwiidolophu 300 needolophana ezincinane zatshatyalaliswa.

Abantu bavalelwa wayitshisa kwilifu lomlilo yerhasi betekisi yi-mlilo. Istria inzululwazi ukudidiyela Krakatoa na enamandla kakhulu. Amandla amandla akhe amawaka 200 amaxesha ngaphezu Inyukliya owatshabalalisa Hiroshima!

intshabalalo ezimandundu of Krakatau wabatshabalalisa ngokwayo, kodwa ngowe-1927, abaphengululi bafumanisa mlilo entsha. Indonesia wamnika igama Anaki Krakatau, elithetha "Mntwana Krakatoa". Qho ngonyaka, i-mlilo oselula wongeza ekukhuleni yeemitha ukusuka-3 ukuya ku 7.

Around kuye akukho zokuhlala. Imizekelo kaxakeka ziye lanyanzela urhulumente Indonesian ukunyanzelisa ukuvalwa kwendawo yokuhlala labantu kufutshane mlilo. Kodwa ke indawo ngokwayo iya kuzuza kuyo! Kule zone afumaneka iingcuka ebomvu, iihagu zasendle, ingwe ingqongwe nowokugqibela planet eseleyo noYavan imikhombe.

ntshava

Lo mlilo eItaly. Kukhona neze umntu akeva ka ntshava. Le Amandla dubulo wabatshabalalisa kaPompeii, hayi nje kuphela, kodwa isixeko Stabiae neHerculaneum.

Kangangethuba elide intaba ingqalelo mlilo tu ukulala. Kodwa ngo-'79, xa uhlanga Italian waba zokulindela ekulweni izilwi, kwabakho ilifu esibhakabhakeni. Lakhula emehlweni akhe, ndilale lonke uthuthu. Ekugqibeleni, aphume phambi kwelanga zinyamalele kwakukho ubumnyama okubi.

KaPompeii enyamalala umaleko imitha ezintathu-wentaba. Eli bali kabuhlungu kuthiwa yi iimbongi immortalized abaculi. Uqhekekile umzi samandulo utsala abakhenkethi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 nyaka ngamnye.

kuqhuma 2014

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, iingcali bhalisa ziintshukumo zenyikima kummandla Bárðarbunga. Noko ke, ekuyeni ekupheleni mlilo zasehlotyeni wenza abantu baqala ukuba ukhathazeke kakhulu. I amaqhuma yokuqala abaphandi zibhalwe umsebenzi daka kule grafu: "Eruption, 2014 Agasti 18". URhulumente Icelandic, wayenexhala ukunyibilika umkhenkce umgwaqo mnozhestno iindlela. Zishiye abahlali balapho baqalisa ukuvelisa-20 Agasti 2014. Abakhenkethi abaye batyelela Iceland, kakhulu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Dubulo Bárðarbunga waze Oktobha 2014.

imililo

Imizekelo kaxakeka zibonisa ukuba kungekudala nje abantu bafunda ukuba ukwakha izakhiwo isakhiwo esenziwe ngomthi kunye intabalala izinto ezinokutsha, imililo baqalisa ukuhluma. Enye umlilo kakhulu buhlungu kwenzeka kwisixeko Boston (1872).

ziko Crazy iye yabangela umonakalo omkhulu zemali kubahlali mmandla. Ngenxa yokuba kukho umlilo, kukho imeko yongxamiseko iye ndayihluthwa amawaka abantu basekuhlaleni kumakhaya abo. Amakhulu beenkampani kwabulawa neenkampani ze-inshorensi yimali yatshabalala.

Uthotho iimpazamo nokungaqondani ziye zakhokelela koko utshiswe izindlu 766 kunye nabantu-20 kumbindi wesixeko. Umzekelo, inkqubo lwekeyboard ekuqaleni umemezele sele zikhubaziwe. Oku kwenziwa ngenxa iingxelo zobuxoki rhoqo. Ngethamsanqa, phezu kwazo iilahleko ezinkulu ngelo xesha (70 ezigidi zeerandi), Boston akwazi ukujonga emva kweminyaka emi-2.

London evuthayo ngo-1212. Lomlilo lawabulala abantu malunga 3,000, malunga yesithathu yesixeko ludilikile. Lo asinguye na umlilo lokuqala embalini yase London. Ngaphambi kule ntlekele umlilo 1130 no 1135, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Lo mzi mkhulu itshiswe izihlandlo ezi-6. I-mlilo inkulu nguye eyenzeka 1666. In lomlilo lawabulala abantu abathandathu, kodwa umlilo sabangela umonakalo izinto ezinzulu ukuya eLondon, batshabalalisa izindlu ezingaphezu kwama-13.200 neecawe 80.

Into kuphela ukuba lo mlilo ukusebenza - watshabalalisa ematyotyombeni ezimdaka enxulumene kunye ngesibetho esikhulu. Olu hlobo zokucoca wanceda kamva London zibuyiselwe emva komlilo kwiindawo esele cleaner. Enye umlilo ivuso kwisixeko saseRoma kwenzeka ngo-1964.

Umlilo eRoma hayi kuphela

Amavo ngale ntlekele mlilo ukuya unanamhla. Enye yazo kukuba uNero ngabom wagqiba ukuba amngcatshe eRoma idangatya ekucoceni indawo ukwakha ibhotwe lakhe kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa olu guqulelo ayixhaswanga bubungqina, yaye ngenxa yoko wahlala kwinqanaba intelekelelo. Nangona, kamva uMlawuli eneneni sakhiwe phezu amabhodlo ngokokwakhiwa kwebhotwe zizityebi, kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa amandla akhe lehla.

Ngokutsho amanqaku ngembali, amadangatye zahlasela eRoma iintsuku ezi-5. Ababhali-mbali imali kwenye imizi 8 eyaziwa umlilo katasroficheskimi emhlabeni! Le Chicago (1871), San Francisco (1906), Peshtigo (1871), Texas City (1967), Halifax (1917), Tokyo (1923). Ingakumbi bachaphazeleka ziintlekele zemvelo Tokyoites.

Esi sixeko ngaxeshanye yahlaselwa kwabakho inyikima, ndaza ndafumana ngokwakhe zigutyungelwe ngamalangatye. umoya Gusty wathwala umlilo kumacala ahlukeneyo. Abantu bezama ukubaleka emaphandleni evulekileyo, kodwa ayizange ukubakhulula ukwenzakala nokufa.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba omnye lwezikweri isixeko suffocated ukusuka umsi ezingqonge izakhiwo avuthayo abangaphezu kwama-35 amawaka abantu. abantu abangaphezulu kwama-500,000 ilahlekileyo, abulale abantu eTokyo babale 174.000. elide Amaxhoba khumbula bakhwaza besithi: "! Emergency Umlilo" imililo Akukho ezincinane kwenzeka e Amsterdam (1421 1452 iminyaka), Moscow (1547 1812 iminyaka), Copenhagen (1728 engama-1795).

Ngomhla kummandla eRashiya kule minyaka-3 yokugqibela imililo ezibhalwe izityalo mveliso e Yekaterinburg (2012) prozoshlo umlilo kwi isityalo ifanitshala, nayo kwi-mveliso Leningrad ngoomatshini. Ulwazi malunga kwalimala apho.

Ngo-2013, kwakukho imililo: on yokubhaka yokubhaka kwingingqi Plasvkom Tula, kwifama itanki kummandla Irkutsk. Ngo-2014, yalephuza umxube negesi, emva koko komlilo walitshisa kwivenkile plant eOmsk. NgoFebruwari waloo nyaka kwabakho umlilo kwindawo petrochemical izityalo "Stavrolen" isixeko Budennovsk. Ukungabikho lomlilo wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba. Kwadlula iintsuku ezimbalwa. An yonxunguphalo kunyanzeleka ukuba ubunzima ngenxa yokulimala nokutsha kubantu-11.

Iinkanyamba kunye iinkanyamba

Le ntlekele zendalo ezinxulumene umoya iziganeko zemozulu. umsebenzi Active cyclonic emoyeni kunegalelo iinkanyamba, neenkanyamba ezikhukhula. Ezi ngendalo ingachazwa xi khona umoya kunye amandla ethile kunye neguquguqukayo inyathelo nefuthe propellant. Iifoto iinkanyamba kunye neenkanyamba unika ngokucacileyo umfanekiso ndiyingwenya na enamandla.

Kwi kwintsimi Russian iinkanyamba kaninzi Kuril Islands, Chukotka, ena, Sakhalin, iyavuma nemimandla Primorsky. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkanyamba kwenzeka ekwindla kwaye ikhatshwe akukhona, nangesichotho, yemvula. Lokutyunyuzwa umoya uyakwazi ukwenza imiphunga yesakhiwo, umonakalo izakhiwo eziqinileyo sokudiliza kuyilahla imithi iingcambu.

Imizekelo kaxakeka baqinisekile ukuba ngexesha kwenkanyamba kwaye inkanyamba kubantu isongelwa nenkxwaleko kakhulu, ukwenzakala kunye nokufa. Enye iinkanyamba kakhulu nguye folokohlo 1780, kwisiqithi zeCaribbean. umoya elemental ehamba ugesi wayo Newfoundland ukuya Barbados. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, lo moya, wababulala abantu malunga 22 amawaka. Ngaphezulu kwama-600,000 abahlali basala bengenamakhaya. Seven imitha wave sichotho lizenza phantse yonke imizana. Okuzibonela wakhankanya ukuba element umoya lalikhatshwa imvula Amazing ngokoqobo wazikrazula amaxolo off imithi ngaphambi kokuba eziwisa.

Science uyazi enye inkanyamba kunye negama elihle "UCatherine". Wazalwa eBahamas ngowe-2005, wazuza amandla kunye ndibuthulule ubushushu bakhe kunxweme American ngaphandle. Abasemagunyeni abazange zilungiselelwe ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo ezinjalo iziganeko. inkanyamba ibango ubomi babantu 1836.

In Russia it bhalisa inkanyamba e Lublin, owawa ngoJuni 29, 1904. AmaNgqina wathi emini ebanzi, kwaba mnyama. Kwisithuba wasezulwini lonke imibane. Eyona njongo iphambili yale inkanyamba yaqala e Lublin, ngoko ndafudukela Simonov weemonki, indawo Rogozhsky wahamba waya ecaleni kwe Lefortovo, bathimba kumacala omabini Yauza. Ezitalatweni into emangalisayo! Basaba abantu, baya emakhayeni abo, dodging luphaphazela phezu kwabo eziplangeni, izitena, iimakhishithi intsimbi evela eluphahleni. umoya onamandla izandi crackle, bhombolozani, uya kunkqangaza bankwantya. Le inkanyamba zathatha imizuzu engekho ngaphezulu kwe ezimbini, kodwa ke amangqina kule oyintlekisa ixesha elide babelana ngeembono zabo. zaye ingakumbi Bayingenela kukuba omnye ezibanzi yatshatyalaliswa udonga lwamatye esiqinileyo. ehlangeni Kuku eqinile likhubazeke elele endleleni.

konogumbe

imvula Long kwaye onzima ngohlobo iishawa ezikhokelela zizikhukula. Kukhuselekile kuthi ngaloo kwimimandla eyayilawulwa yimimoya enamandla, njengesiphango, kwenkanyamba - nezikhukhula kunqandwa. Kucingwa ukuba enyuka. Oku kwabenza kwimimandla yonxweme. Xa iinyikima zasemanzini mlilo kwenzeka kwizikhukula okubangelwa ngamaza tsunami.

Kwakhona kwizimanga zendalo kwenzeka ngenxa kwalowo ngokukhawuleza ikhephu, umzekelo, phezu kwemilambo kumntla ikhweyitha. Emazantsi eentaba ezintlanjeni nezikhukula weentaba kunokubangela breakouts intraglacial kunye namachibi amadama.

Le didi "umkhukula enkulu" libhekisela St. Petersburg (1824). Ngexesha le ntlekele inqanaba lamanzi kwi Neva River lenyuka ukuya 4.14-4.21 mm ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-100. Enye onogumbe kwenzeka China (1931), walibalela ekuthini liyinqambi ngaphezulu kwama-145 amawaka abantu abafileyo.

Ngowe-1938, i element amanzi kwakhona kubethwa kubemi Chinese. Kwi kwintsimi Russian izikhukula kakhulu eqatha kwiMpuma Ekude ngo-2013. It zicalulwa njenge "nezikhukhula wemvelo."

Le unobangela wengozi yaqala ukunkcenkceshela iimvula zemvula, ngenxa isiphango komlambo okubangele ibonwe wamanzi Amur. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekwindla ka-2012, umlambo enyamalala neetyuwa zasebusika ukuphuphuma. Ngokwe-manani ukusuka zizikhukula abachaphazelekayo 80 amawaka abantu, kwaye umonakalo kwezolimo uthelekelelwa 8.5 engange MAWP.

umyalelo

Ngoko ke, ezinye iingcebiso kufuneka kunceda abantu kwimeko yendalo bedstviya.Chelovek olungxamisekileyo uyakwazi ukufumana yokothuka, ngobubele ukufunda imigaqo yokuziphatha ngexesha le ntlekele.

Ukuba ubanjwe kunye komkhukula, ngoko nangoko sizama ekhwela imigangatho ephezulu, uphahla kunye kophahla. Musa ukulibala ukuba anike imiqondiso okubandezeleka iphepha okanye itawuli ebusuku - layita.

Ukuba izikhukhula akubonakalisi ingozi enkulu, phambi kokuba babuyele ekhaya yakho, ukhangele ukuze ubone ukuba anele. Qiniseka ukuba pholisa le ndawo ukususa iigesi wabutha.

Lumkela ziquka umbane. Into yokuqala ukukhangela ukuthembeka iintambo kwakunye nezinye izinto zonxibelelwano. Zonke amanzi ukungcola bazisa Kucetyiswa ukuba asuse ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo. Ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi Akanakoyiswa yaye isoyikiso, amagosa ukuhlangulwa ukuthutha abantu abasuka kwindawo yentlekele.

Ukuba kukho umemezele zinjengesaqhwithi labemi, inyathelo lokuqala esinzulu uphume iifestile, iingcango kunye iindawo eliphezulu ekhaya. Xa besondela umoya (uqhwithela, zinjengesaqhwithi), umntu kubalulekile ukufumana indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo. Kungcono ukuba mhlawumbi igumbi incinane gumbi okanye kumgangatho ongaphantsi.

Kufuneka babe kude kangangoko evela emnyango kunye window ezivulekileyo. Eyona nto ilungileyo - ukuba ulele phantsi emgangathweni nesigqubuthelo entloko yakho ngezandla zakhe. Ukuba kuye kwabonakala umntu ngexesha kuhlasela zendalo imoto kwi endleleni, ngoko ke kufuneka ufumane nangoko ngaphandle kwemoto. Isibakala sokuba Bangabi isithuba, izisele apho sisigingqi akufuneki ngenisa abantu lithemba. Kufuneka ulale emhlabeni kwaye bazame ukukhusela intloko yakhe ngezandla zakhe.

kwiintlekele zemvelo, iintlekele zemvelo - zesiganeko rhoqo kweli lizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, sonke ke kucetyiswa ukuba endlwini ubhaka wokuhamba xa kukho umemezele: ". Alarm Emergency". Le ubhaka kufuneka abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo, amanzi okusela, ikiti lokuqala uncedo ngamayeza, umxhesho, iikopi zamaxwebhu yokuchonga, layita kunye imali encinane imali. Ngamaxesha athile khangela lokugcinwa ukutya kunye namayeza.

Sasinixelele ngenxa engaphambili - is forearmed

Kuzo zonke ntlekele uneempawu zawo: uhlobo boyisiwe, isikali wentshabalalo, inani labantu abachaphazelekayo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi unobangela kwaye nohlobo ntlekele. Xa ukuziphatha onengqondo yabantu balapha uyakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu zonke iindidi ilahleko.

Inkqubo karhulumente mpendulo kwiimeko zongxamiseko, wathi uqikelelo esichanekileyo ukuvela kunye nophuhliso intlekele yendalo zablogovremennoe umemezele labemi - kusekho ingxaki enkulu. Kwaye kule kufuneka sisebenze.

Engxamisekileyo iimeko kufuneka umbutho ikhoyo zonke izakhiwo ezikhoyo. izenzo emanyeneyo abasemagunyeni yase kanye asekuhlaleni, amasebe engxamisekileyo ngokusebenzisana kunye amanyathelo karhulumente nesakhono kwenza kube lula ukuba eve ukufa ngaphantsi kwabantu kunye nokulahlekelwa nempahla. Okuhamba, ngempumelelo kakhulu amanyathelo lokuphelisa nya ingozi kunye neziphumo zawo.