I-Russia ekulweni nobutshaba. IKomiti yeSizwe yoLwaphulo-mthetho

Ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwaba yingxaki enye yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, njengoko isiqingatha sayo sithole ukubaluleka kwehlabathi jikelele. I-Russia ekulweni nobutshaba yenza yonke imizamo yokuphepha iimpembelelo eziyingozi kwaye ezingenakuqikelela ukuba umntu sele sele ufumana.

Ngaphandle kwemida

Ubundlobongela buyisongelo kwikhuseleko lehlabathi lonke, kuwo onke amazwe kunye nabo bonke abemi abahlala kuwo, ezi zizoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ezilahlekileyo, oku kukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo okukhulu kubantu. Ubuninzi bebhendi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje likhulu kangangokuba akukho mida yombuso.

Yintoni i-state ehlukeneyo enokuyenza ngokubhekiselele kobugandlo? Umlingiswa walo wamazwe ngamazwe uchaza amanyathelo okubuyisela, ukwakha inkqubo yonke yokuphikisa. Yiloo nto kanye eyenziwa yiRashiya ekulweni nobutshaba. Ukukhushulwa kwayo ngamazwe ngamazwe kuvezwa yiRussian Federation, ngoko ke umbuzo waphakama ngokuthatha inxaxheba komkhosi wayo ngaphandle kweendawo zelizwe.

Ukuchasene nemikhosi yokuloyiko

Abasemagunyeni bamagunya kunye noorhulumente basekhaya baqhuba umsebenzi oqaphele ngehora ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabemi belizwe. Iindlela zokulwa nobuphekula kwiRashiya zilandelayo.

1. Ukuthintela: ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngokuchonga nokuphelisa iimeko kunye nezizathu ezibangela ukuthunywa kwezenzo zokusongela.
2. I-Russia ekulweni nobugandlo ilandela ukulandelelana, ukuthintela, ukukhutshwa, ukudalulwa nokuphanda kwimeko nganye.
3. Imiphumo yaluphi na ukubonakalisa ukwesabisa kuncitshiswa kwaye kupheliswe.

UMthetho weSizwe

Ukuchasene nomthetho kwabhengezwa ngoMatshi 6, 2006. Ngokomthetho we-Federal Republic, i-Russia ingasebenzisa i-RF iinqwelo eziPhathelene nokulwa nobugandlo. Ezi zilandelayo ziimeko zokusetyenziswa kweeMpi zoMkhosi zichazwe.

1. Ukuncitshiswa kweenqwelo-moya kwanoma yiphina inqwelo ezithatyathwa ngabagubungela okanye zisetyenziselwa isenzo sobugorha.
2. Ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha kwindawo yolwandle yaseRashiya kunye nakwamanzi angaphakathi, nakweyiphi into eyenziwa kwizilwandle ezisemaphandleni yelizwekazi, apho intsimi yeRussia Federation ikhona khona, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kokuhamba.
3. I-Russia ekulweni nobutshabalala ithatha inxaxheba kwimibhikisho yamaphekula, njengoko kuhlinzekwe kulo Mthetho waseMthethweni.
4. Ukulwa nokuphekula kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwemida yeRussian Federation.

Ukuncitshiswa kobuphekula emoyeni

Amabutho oMbutho waseRashiya angasebenzisa izixhobo zempi kunye nezixhobo ngokuhambelana nemimiselo esemthethweni yomthetho waseRashiya ukuphelisa isongelo okanye ukuphelisa isenzo sobugorha. Ukuba inqwelo-moya ayiphenduli imiyalelo esuka kwizikhululo zokulandelela komhlaba kunye nempawu ezisuka kwiinqwelo eziphakanyisiweyo zaseRussia ukuba zithinte okanye zithande ukuthobela ngaphandle kokuchaza izizathu, iinqwelo zaseRussia zikhusele ukuhamba kweso sixhobo, kusetyenziswa izixhobo zempi kunye nezixhobo, ukunyanzelisa ukuba zenze umhlaba. Xa kukho ukungathobeli kunye nengozi ekhoyo yentlekele yemvelo okanye ukulahleka kobomi, ukukhutshwa kweenqanawa kukhutshwe ngokutshabalalisa.

Ukuncitshiswa kobugorha emanzini

Amanzi asekhaya, ulwandle nomhlaba kunye nokuhamba kwamanxweme kazwelonke (kubandakanywa ngaphantsi kwamanzi) kwiiRF eziMagunya kufuneka zikhuselwe ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zokulwa nobuphekula. Ukuba amaziko olwandle okanye amanqanawa omlambo angaphenduli kwimimiselo kunye nemimiselo yokuphelisa ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokusetyenziswa kwendawo yamanzi yaseRussian Federation kunye nommandla ongaphantsi kwamanzi, okanye ukwenqaba ukuthobela, izixhobo zemikhosi yemfazwe kunye neenqwelo zeenqwelo zoMkhosi wamaRashiya aseRashiya zisetyenziselwa ukuyeka ukutshayela isistim nokuphelisa isisongelo sokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, Ukutshabalalisa. Ukuthintela ukufa kwabantu okanye inhlekelele yendalo, kuyisebenzisa nawaphi na amanyathelo okulwa nobutshaba.

Ulwaphulo lwangaphakathi kunye nolwangaphandle

Izenzo ezisemthethweni zeRussian Federation zigqiba isigqibo sikaMongameli waseRussia ngokubandakanya iiyunithi zempi kunye namaqela e-RF aMaqumrhu aPhathiswayo ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwintsebenzo. Iiyunithi zamagumbi, iiyunithi kunye neeyunithi zamaRussia eziPhathelene neeRussia zisebenzisa izixhobo zempi, iindlela ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Ukulwa nokukhuseleka kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokubandakanyeka kwamaQumrhu oMkhosi weRussia Federation kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe aseRussian Federation, lo Mthetho we-Federal usetyenziso lwezixhobo okanye kwiintsimi zaseRussian Federation ezichasene nabasemagunyeni okanye abantu abangaphandle kweRussian Federation, kunye nokusebenzisa i-RF Iimpi eziPhandle ngaphandle kwemida yelizwe. Zonke ezi zigqibo zenziwe nguMongameli, okwangoku u V. Putin.

Ukulwa nobutshaba ngowona msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kwaye uxanduva olukhulu. Ngoko ke, inani elipheleleyo lobunjwa bamaQumrhu oMkhosi weRussia Federation, iindawo apho ziya kusebenza khona, imisebenzi ejongene nayo, imigqaliselo yokuhlala ngaphandle kweRussia Federation kunye neminye imiba enxulumene nemisebenzi yokulwa nobutshabalala kwamanye amazwe iyanqunywa ngokwabo nguMongameli. UMthetho we-Federal of Combat of Terrorism ubeka ngokucacileyo eli lungiselelo. Iinqununu zemikhosi ezithunyelwa eRashiya ziqulethwe ngabasebenzi beekhontrakthi abaye bafumana ukuqeqeshwa okhethekileyo kwaye baqulunqwa kuphela ngokuzithandela.

Khu seleko ka Zwelonke

Ubugqirha bunokumelwa zombini kunye namaqela, kwaye ngabanye. Isicwangciso sokhuseleko lwesizwe saseRashiya kuze kube ngu-2020 sinikela naluphi na ukubonakaliswa kwemisebenzi yesigebengu. Ukhokelo lunakho naziphi na izicwangciso - ezivela kutshintsho olunobudlova ngesiseko somgaqo-siseko weRussian Federation kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokusebenza koburhulumente. Amagunya okutshabalalisa amaziko oshishino kunye nemikhosi, kunye namaziko kunye namashishini anika umsebenzi obalulekileyo ebantwini, kunye nokusongela uluntu ngokusetyenziswa kweemichiza okanye izixhobo zenuzi.

Iingxaki zokulwa nobugandxuba kukuba akukho ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezopolitiko ekudibaniseni imizamo yokulwa nale nto ibungozi. Naliphi na indawo ekhethekileyo yokulwa nobugandlo, kunye neenkonzo ezizodwa kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, azikwazi ukusebenza apha. Sidinga umsebenzi ohlanganyelweyo kuzo zonke izakhiwo, amagatsha amandla, abeendaba.

Imithombo yobundlobongela

Naluphi na ukubonakaliswa kwamaphekula kufuneka kulandelwe ngokucacileyo kwimvelaphi kwaye izizathu zokuvela kwazo zibizwa ngokunyanisekileyo. I-poll yophando eyenziwe phakathi kwamalungu e-antiterrorist units ze-FSB yaseRussian Federation ibonise ukuba iziganeko eziqhelekileyo (iziganeko zentsholongwane) zokhuselo zilandelayo: ukwehla okubukhali kwimilinganiselo yokuphila kunye nezinga lezentlalo. Ukukhuseleka, umzabalazo wezopolitiko kunye nomthetho wezomthetho, ukukhula kokuhlukana nokuzwela, umthetho ongaphelelekanga, igunya elingaphantsi kwezakhiwo zamandla, izigqibo ezingacatshangwanga ngazo.

Bondla ukwanda kobuphekula, ngokukodwa, ukuphikisana noluntu, ukuxhatshazwa kwezenhlalakahle, apho kukho ukungqongqo kwezombusazwe. Ukulwa nokugqithisa nokugqithisa kufuna ukuba kufakwe inkqubo epheleleyo ekungeyiyo kuphela kwezopolitiko, kodwa kunye nezoqoqosho, ezentlalontle, ezomgaqo-nkqubo, ezomthetho nezinye iinkalo ezininzi. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-antiterrorist weRussian Federation uzama ukulungisa ingundoqo, kodwa kuphela imisebenzi yokuphanda - ukulondolozwa kwengqibelelo yendawo kunye nobukhosi. Kwaye kufuneka siqale ngezizathu.

Izinto ezisemgangathweni zokulwa nobutshaba

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe kukulwa nobutshazi kwiRussia Federation, ekujoliswe kuyo, njengoko kuthethwe ngaso, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa, ukuthembeka nokuhlala kwintlalo yelizwe. Izibonelelo eziphambili zesi sicwangciso zilandelayo:

• Izizathu kunye neemeko ezibangela ukuvela kobugggranti kunye nokusasazeka kwayo kufuneka zichongwe kwaye zisuswe;
• Abantu kunye nemibutho elungiselela izenzo zogqirha kufuneka zichongwe, izenzo zabo ziyakhutshwa kwaye zikhutshwe;
• Izifundo ezibandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yesigebengu kufuneka ziphendulwe ngokuhambelana nomthetho waseRashiya;
• Amagunya kunye neendlela ezenzelwe ukunqanda, ukuchonga, ukuthintela imisebenzi yabamaphekula, ukunciphisa nokuphelisa imiphumo yokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kufuneka igcinwe ngokulungelelaniswa rhoqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo;
• Iindawo zokuqokelela ubunzima babantu, izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuxhasa ubomi kunye neziseko kufuneka zinikezelwe ngokukhuselwa kwe-antiterrorist;
• Iingcamango zobugandagxala akufanele zisasazeke, kwaye umsebenzi wobuchule kufuneka uqiniswe.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Izinto ezinokujoliswa ngumoya wamacandelo ngokutsha zixhotyiswe kangcono kunobunjineli kunye neendlela zobuchwepheshe bokukhusela, kunye nabasebenzi bezokhuseleko baye baphucula kakhulu izinga labo loqeqesho. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuselwa kwabamelene neendawo apho abantu bebaninzi kunamanani akwaneleyo, kuba kwakungekho mfuneko efananayo yokuqinisekisa oku kusayithi.

Ngo-2013, ngo-Oktobha 22, uMthetho we-Federal Law on Protestantist Protection of Objects ungene ukusebenza. Ngoku, ngokwale xwebhu, uRhulumente weRussia Federation ufumana ilungelo lokumisela iimfuno ezifunekayo zokukhuselwa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo kunye nemimandla yazo zonke izinto ezisemthethweni nezomthetho. Kwakhona, iimfuno zihambelana noluhlu lwazo, ukulawula ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno, ifom yephepha leenkcukacha zokhuseleko. Izibonelelo zothutho kuphela, izinto zithuthi kunye nezinto ezixakekileyo zombane zikhutshwa ngaphandle kwezi ndawo, apho ukhuselo olukhuselekileyo luyakhiwa ngokugqithiseleyo.

Ingozi Yomhlaba Wonke

Imibutho yobuphekula isebenza kwiRashiya ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwaye phantsi kobunkokeli belizwe lasemzini abaqeqeshwe phesheya kwaye baxhaswa ngemali ngemithombo ehlanganiswe nobugandxu behlabathi. Ngokutsho kwe-FSB, ngo-2000 bekukho malunga namabutho angamawaka angamawaka amathathu aseKetchnya. Abantu abangaphezu kwewaka abavela kumazwe aseArabhu: iLebhanon, iPalestine, iYiputa, i-United Arab Emirates, iJordan, i-Yemen, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Afghanistan, i-Tunisia, i-Kuwait, iTajikistan, iTurkey, iSiriya, iAlgeria babulawa ngamaRussia aMaqhawe aseRussia ekulweni ka-1999-2001.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubundlobongela bamazwe ngamazwe buye baba yingozi. ERashiya, ukudalwa kweKomiti yeSizwe ye-Antiterrorist (NAC) idibene nale nto. Lo mzimba oqokelelwayo, odibanisa imisebenzi yamagosa alawulayo omabini aseburhulumenteni kunye namaziko aseburhulumenteni baseRussia, ulawulo lolawulo lwengingqi, kunye nokulungiselela iziphakamiso ezifanelekileyo kuMongameli weRussian Federation. I-NAC yaqulunqwa ngokuhambelana noMyalelo wokuXhatshazwa koBugcisa bo-2006. Usihlalo weKomiti nguMlawuli weNkonzo yoKhuseleko ye-Federal Federation yaseRashiya, i-Army General A. V. Bortnikov. Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, phantse zonke iintloko zee-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, amasebe karhulumente kunye namagumbi epalamente yaseRashiya.

Imisebenzi ephambili ye-NAC

1. Ukulungiselela iziphakamiso kuMongameli weRussia Federation malunga nokwakhiwa kombuso. Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuphuculwa komthetho kwintsimi yokuphikisana nobugandlo.
2. Ukulungelelaniswa kwazo zonke izinto eziphambene nokuphikisana nokulawula kwamandla omasipala, iikomishoni kwizifundo zeRussian Federation, ukusebenzisana kwezi zakhiwo kunye nolawulo lwengingqi, imibutho kawonkewonke kunye nemibutho.
3. Ukunquma kwamanyathelo okuphelisa izizathu kunye neemeko ezibangela ukwesabisa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinto ezivela kwiingxowankulu.
4. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekulwa nokulwa nobugandlo, ukulungiswa kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe eRussia Federation kule ndawo.
5. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa koluntu kubantu asebebenzile okanye bakhangele ukulwa nobugandlo, ukuhlaziywa kweentlalo zabalwaphulo.
6. Isisombululo seminye imisebenzi echazwe ngumthetho weRussian Federation.

Uloyiko lweNorthern Caucasus

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izitho zombuso. Abasemagunyeni benza imizamo ebalulekileyo yokuqhelanisa imeko kwi-North Caucasus District District ngokuphumeza amanyathelo okulwa nobutshaba. NgoDisemba 2014, umlawuli we-FSB, uA. A. Bortnikov, ufumene umphumo wokulungelelaniswa kwemisebenzi yokukhusela nokusebenza kwamandla-obundlobongela obunobuthathaka obuncinane kathathu xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2013: ubugebengu obungama-218 obuchasene ne-78.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhatshazwa kummandla kusekuphakamileyo-zombini i-North Caucasian phantsi komhlaba kunye nobutshaba behlabathi jikelele, naphezu kokubandakanyeka ngqo kwee-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, ii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho kunye neenkonzo ezizodwa emzabalazweni. Amanyathelo okusebenza kunye nokulwa, ayenziwa, izenzo zogqirha zichongiwe, zikhutshwe, zikhutshwe, zichazwe kwaye ziphandwa. Ngoko, ngo-2014, iinkonzo ezizodwa kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho zazinyathelo lokukhusela ubugebengu obuninzi bobugorha no-sixhenxe. Abantu abangamashumi amathathu abambene ne-bandit phantsi komhlaba, bakwazi ukukholelwa ukuba bayeke ukuloyiko.

Xa andinako ukuchukumisa

Ukulwa nobutshaba, kukho inkxalabo yokulwa-nxamnye, okukhethekileyo, imikhosi kunye neminye imimangaliso, xa izixhobo zempi, izixhobo kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukumisa isenzo sogorhage, ukunciphisa ama-militants, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwabantu, amaziko kunye nemibutho kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yokuhlaselwa koogqirha. Amaqumrhu kunye namaziko amabhunga e-Federal Security Service abandakanyekayo, kunye neqela elitsha elitsha, elingaxhaswa yiMarha aseRashiya kunye namaqela olawulo olusigqeba elijongene nokukhusela, ukhuseleko, imicimbi yangaphakathi, ukukhusela uluntu, ubulungisa, i-MES kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ngenxa yesenzo esinamandla esiphezulu sobungqisholi kwiNorthern Caucasus ngo-2014, ama-233 ama-bandits ayengaphathanga, apho ezingama-38 zazikhokeli. Amalungu angama-637 e-bandit phantsi komhlaba ayevalelwe. 272 izixhobo zokuqhuma, ezininzi iimfomfom kunye nezinye iindlela zokutshatyalaliswa zisuswe ekuhambeni okungekho mthethweni. Ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho zophando ngamaphekula-mthetho ngonyaka we-2014 ziswe enkundleni yezobugebengu ezingama-219, ngenxa yeziphi izigwenxa eziye zahlwaywa, phakathi kwabo abane abahlaseli bentlobongela eVolgograd.

Uloyiko kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe

Iindlela eziphambene nomda wobundlobongela yindlela eyingozi kakhulu yobundlobongela. Izinto zangoku zenza ukuba kube yinto ebangela ukuba kuphuhliswe ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqhaqhaqhayisa kwezigqeba ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokubhubhisa ubuninzi (izixhobo zenyukliya) kuyingozi enkulu ekukholeni kwabo bonke uluntu. Yaye kunye noluntu lwehlabathi , ngenxa yeenjongo zamatyala aloo mntu, alinakukwazi ukugqiba isigama esichaphazelekayo malunga nalo mcimbi, nangona ngokubanzi bekukho uhlobo oluthile lokuqonda ngokubambisana kwezinto eziphambili zeli qa.

Okokuqala, abanqolobi - yinto mthethweni ugonyamelo umpu, umnqweno oyike uluntu kwihlabathi kwiingcamba ebanzi abemi kuba lixhoba elimsulwa. Ukuba umthetho wogrogriso kuchaphazela umdla ngaphezu kwesinye ilizwe, kukho, Kakade ke, nayo oluqulethe into ngamazwe. orientation Political uluntu lwehlabathi alizithathi inkalo ubugrogrisi ngamazwe, njengoko kunjalo engaqhelekanga. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, xa yomelele kakhulu ehlabathini lonke, iKomiti ye-UN yeNdibano Jikelele kwakhona uzama ukuqala umsebenzi kwi inkcazelo ephathelele ubunqolobi ngamazwe.

ERashiya indima eluntwini jikelele

I-Russian Federation iyavumelana kakhulu kwindlela iinzame ezibambeneyo zokulwa ubunqolobi. Kuye kwaba ukuba kususwe nemiqobo - zonqulo, yembono, ezopolitiko okanye nayiphi na enye - phakathi kwamazwe, ephikisanayo amatyala abagrogrisi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba aququzelele ukumelana ngempumelelo zonke izenzo abanqolobi.

Njengoko ezihlangwini waseUSSR, i-Russian Federation inxaxheba kwiindibano ekhoyo jikelele kwi ekulweni. Ivela abameli ayo onke amaphulo eyakhayo, benza igalelo kakhulu elibonakalayo kuphuhliso theoretical component izivumelwano ezintsha, yaye izisombululo ezisebenzayo ukwenza ngamazwe anti-ubunqolobi phambi eqhelekileyo.