Umbhali Lorens Darrell: A Biography kunye nomsebenzi

Eli nqaku liza elinokufunyanwa malinikelwe kulo edumileyo umbhali IsiNgesi, ezifana Lorens Darrell. Namhlanje luthatyathwa zakudala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa ekuqaleni xa ugxekwa lomsebenzi kunokuba isimo esibi emsebenzini wakhe. Darrell icala eyenziwe inemfesane kunye verbiage, kunye nabalinganiswa wabiza ngokucacileyo kwaye abhalwa. Iminyaka, kwaye nexesha ukucacisa yonke, namhla akukho ukuthandabuza isipho boncwadi zombhali.

Lorens Darrell: A Biography

Lorens Dzhordzh Durrell wazalwa ngo February 27, 1912 kumntla Indiya kwidolophu encinane ebizwa ngokuba Dzhallandhar kufuphi Tibet. Abazali bakhe, umama Irish Luiza Florens Dixie noyise eliNgesi xa Lourens Samyuel Durrell, yaba, Isimanga, inzalelwane of India. Loo umxube beentlanga ezahlukeneyo waphenjelelwa kakhulu ukuyilwa yombhali, yaye kamva umsebenzi wakhe. Darrell wakholwa ukuba "iinkolelo Tibetan."

Nolwazi England

Ngaba Darrell omncinane yaphela xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Yaba ngeli xesha yena wathunyelwa eNgilani enqanaweni ukuze afumane imfundo epheleleyo. ezweni Historical luvelise ukwishumi bahle uxinezeleke kunye lisibekele. basekuhlaleni yokuphila zwe ngokuthi "ukufa IsiNgesi." Ngoxa yalapha ngokupheleleyo kwindlela IsiNgesi, Darrell akazange ukuqhelana iimeko ezintsha, yonke imikhosi sixhathise ubomi imigaqo yesikolo. Isiphumo sale abaphikisana yokuba akazange Kwathi emnyango iimviwo eyunivesithi.

Akunamsebenzi ukucaphukisa Darrell, ngenxa yokuba eli xesha wenza isigqibo, eyaba ezibulalayo - wagqiba ukwenza umsebenzi njengoko ngumbhali. Ekuqaleni, waba iingxaki ngokucacisa indlela yabo kokubini iprozi kwaye kwisihobe, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe umbhali ndigqibe kwelokuba lo mbuzo.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Ngowe-1931, umbhali elizayo wafuduselwa eLondon. Kuba ngqa ngo-1932, ishicilelwa yi Lorens Darrell (ingqokelela yemibongo "Isiqwengana akaginywa"). Kwandula ke ngowe-1933, oko upapashwa lumo boncwadi Shaw "Bromo Bombastus". Lo msebenzi Lawrence ekhutshwe phantsi omnye lezibizo zakhe - Geffer Pisleyk.

Ngowe-1935, Darrell evela yokushicilela Greek imali eninzi, wafudukela neCorfu, apho iyaqhutywa indlu. Darrell qulunqa Kukho ngokwayo elinye igama - Charles Norden. Phantsi eli gama kupapashwa kuqala "Pied nelembande uthando" Umbhali romance, iyashicilela "Cassel".

izigqibo ezibalulekileyo (1935)

Kulo nyaka, kwakukho iziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo ukuba umbhali, lowo baphenjelelwa umsebenzi wakhe. Okokuqala, Lorens Darrell uyaninyanga unina kunye nomfazi wakhe uNancy ukuba ukuba Corfu (Greece). Yena ngelithi into yokuba ukuze ugcine kancinane kwaye wena evela IsiNgesi ebusika ukusindisa. Sona kanye ubomi Greece sele isityhilelo ngokwenene Darrell - waqonda ukuba uqhagamshelo yakhe India liqhuma. Apha wenza umphandle le ncwadi, leyo aya kujika abe uthotho "Alexandria abacula" kwixesha elizayo.

Okwesibini, ndafunda Lawrence inoveli "Tropic of Cancer" Genri Millera, waza wabhala ileta eya kumbhali. Esi sisiqalo ubuhlobo eyomeleleyo, eyathatha iminyaka engama-45. Miller Darrell ngokufuthi kwakuhambisana. Kokuba bamanyane luthando loncwadi kunye -ngomtsalane Far East. Miller kwangoko kakhulu italente yoncwadi lomhlobo lutsha ngokuziphatha xa ugxekwa wavakalisa kabukhali kwi imisebenzi emitsha Darrell.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Ngowe-1936 wapapasha umsebenzi yesibini enkulu Spring umbhali Uvalo. Eli gama ayikwazi iguqulelwe Russian, njengoko eziqinileyo ukudlala ngamagama - eli binzana libhekisela zombini catapults ispring ukuphakuzela (ezivela igama Nyakaza, isithixo isiGrike) entwasahlobo.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nale inoveli Lorens Darrell usebenza umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "enzulu" esibizwa "Incwadi Black." Le noveli yapapashwa ngo-1938 kwi-sikhokelo "Villa Seurat Series", uze endlwini zokupapasha "Obelisk Press", nto leyo eye igama ihlazo. Le ncwadana yenziwa kwenzeka ngoncedo uMnu Miller.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Lorens Darrell - ababhali, abafana abaninzi, kwafuneka iphumele Second World War.

Ngowe-1939 wangena inkonzo kwenye zikolo yamaGrike, leyo ziselugcinweni kweBhunga yaseBritani, utitshala IsiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa yathatha ixesha elide. Sele ngowe-1941, ngaphambi nje kokuba amaJamani bambamba neCorfu Durrell ntsapho kwanyanzeleka ukuba sahlukane. Unina wathabatha oonyana abancinane ezimbini Gerald Leslie (kamva waba umbhali) ethunyelwe eNgilani. UMargot, udade Lawrence, ekuqaleni baza kuhlala neCorfu, kodwa kamva wasiwa kude omnye pilot yaseBritani, owathi kamva waba indoda yakhe. Lawrence yena nomfazi wakhe nentombi eneminyaka ubudala Penelope ukuya eKrete, uze abalekele eCairo.

Sele e Cairo lonakalisa neentlobano zokwazana nomfazi wakhe, Darrell ngo-1942, wathumela Alexandria, apho wadibana Evoy Koen, nto leyo eya kuba kwase of "Justine" kule ncwadi umlinganiswa ophambili. E Alexandria, Lawrence wamiselwa Osisithethi British Information Service. Uninzi wonke wenkonzo umbhali lakusondela oko wayenako ukubona ezo iimvakalelo, izimvo kunye ubuntu enokubangela kuphela Alexandria wamajoni, ukukhonza njengendawo intlanganiso eMpuma West.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Phakathi ku-1945, Lorens Darrell (iifoto bunokubonwa umbhali weli nqaku) ubuyisela eGrisi, ndikhululwe, wathi, "isenzo entolongweni yaseYiputa." stop lakhe lokuqala uba Rhodes, apho wachitha iminyaka emibini njengoko Director of Public Relations. Emva koko, ngo-1947, Darrell waya Argentina Cordoba kwidolophu uthathe indawo ngumlawuli we-British Institute.

Ukususela ngo-1949, umbhali abahlala Belgrade (baseYugoslavia), esebenza njenge attaché cofa kwi-British Embassy. Ngowe-1952 walishiya eli isikhundla yaye wafudukela eSipro, apho uceba ukusebenzisa ixesha lakhe izifundo uncwadi. Ukuphila kweli xesha, esikusebenzeleyo ukuziphilisa efundisa IsiNgesi. Noko ke, emva konyaka eCyprus kwaqhambuka imfazwe phakathi Turks, ababefuna inkululeko, amaGrike ababefuna ukudibanisa eli lizwe eGrisi, kwaye amaBritane, owayefuna ukugcina zonke siqithi phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Ngeli xesha, Darrell wemka zokufundisa usebenza igosa Nicosia elijongene nobudlelwane noluntu. Iziganeko zale minyaka ezibuhlungu zazibonakala umbhali kwincwadi ethi "Ubukrakra IiLamuni," epapashwe ngo-1957.

imisebenzi emikhulu

More on umbhali kweSipro waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ethi "Justine", nto leyo inxalenye yokuqala "Alexandria abacula". Ukugqitywa umjikelo ngo-1956, kunye neenoveli epapashwe phakathi kowe-1957 nowe-1961. Lo msebenzi yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kuphela phakathi abafundi, kodwa nabagxeki.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, Darrell wabhala imijikelo emibini ngaphezulu, "Avignon quintet" yaye "Rise of Aphrodite." Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi mveliso eye yaphumelela kangako njenge "abacula". Andizange kushiya umbhali kunye nemibongo, ngo-1980 wapapasha ingqokelela yemibongo zakhe, ekuthiwa Imihobe Yi-.

impilo Personal

Ezine ezitshatileyo Lorens Darrell. ubomi mntu zombhali yaba olwalubalulekile njengekhondo.

Umfazi wakhe wokuqala Nensi Mayers. Unyaka ngqo umtshato wabo ndawo yathi, kodwa siyazi ukuba ngo-1935, baba indoda nomfazi. Ngowe-1940, esi sibini wazala intombi, Penelope. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emi-2 Darrell yahlukana zonke neentlobano zokwazana nomfazi wakhe waza waya Alexandria. Nancy, yena, kunye kancinane Penelope waya eYerusalem.

E Alexandria, umbhali edibana Eva Cohen, baya kuqalisa mcimbi. Darrell yonke uthatha intombi kunye naye njengonobhala wakhe. Nangona ulwalamano olusondeleyo, Lawrence umtshato uNancy ngo-1946, yaye kunyaka kamva utshata uEva. Ngowe-1950, esi sibini unentombi, ebizwa Sappho.

Eva unesifo isifo sengqondo, yaye ngowe-1951 imeko yakhe mandundu. Ngowe-1953, umfazi esiya kwi engqondweni. Ubudlelwane phakathi umbhali kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yayisiba.

Ngowe-1957, Darrell wafudukela ePovence kunye uClaude Vansendon, umfazi omtsha. Kodwa ngo-1966 esi sibini yafudukela Somere Lawrence uya kuhlala apho ubomi bakhe bonke. UClaude ukubona umhlaza, ukusuka apho wafa ngo-1967 kwisibhedlele Zurich.

Darrell watshata ngowe-1974 ukuya Zhislen De Boisson, imodeli. Noko ke, umtshato zange kube kudala, emva kweminyaka emi-5, esi sibini umtshato.

Umbhali wafa Novemba 7, 1990 kwikhaya lakhe eFransi.

Lorens Darrell: anika umdla

Ngokwenene, yonke yobomi zombhali ingabizwa okunika umdla - abantu abambalwa kakhulu davilos njengoko imisebenzi zokuhamba kunye nokutshintsha kwakhe. Sekunjalo ukwazi i imbono Darrell kwilizwe lethu.

Nangona kwayo omkhulu eYurophu, umbhali Russian eyaziwa ngokuba umzalwana Gerald Durrell, umbhali semvelo.

Kwakhona umbhali iincwadi zeempendulo eziliqela iifilimu Lorens Darrell, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngoku Unalungelo thina. Ukongezelela koko, obekade eziliqela imizobo, kunye Henry Miller bhanya kunye "World e War", wayedlala naye.

"I-Alexandria abacula"

Lo kumjikelo wokuqala zombhali. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho kwe abagxeki, oko yeyona nto intle eyakhe wabhala Lorens Darrell. "Balthazar" - ncwadi 2 kolu thotho yeyona ethandwa kakhulu phakathi readers.

Umjikelo efanayo kakhulu iintetho malunga ubudlelwane babantu, iimvakalelo kunye nemithetho bazilindele ebomini. Ke ukuba inoveli yokuqala "Justine" libali uthando, owesibini, "Balthazar", ityhila kwimbali ukuncwasa zezopolitiko zokucupha. Sinokuthi incwadi ngalinye utshintsha imbono umfundi, elikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwelinye icala.

Kwakhona kolu thotho iquka iinoveli "Mountolive", nto leyo ichaza iziganeko egameni kaDavide Mountolive kunye "Clea", eyamnika isiphumo ubhalo yonke into iye yachazwa kwiincwadi angaphambili thotho.