Indonesia ngenkulungwane ye-19

Phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwamanye amazwe ezinamandla ngakumbi Holland kwafuneka ukunika, kwaye ukusuka kumalungelo kuphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi izimbiwa likarhulumente ka-Indonesia, amalahle, i-oyile. capital Dutch kunye non-Dutch Private iye yazuza ukufikelela kushishino lwezimbiwa.

nkqubo "iingcango ezivulekileyo" forced ukuququzelela ekungeneni thanga Dutch kwamantloko kumazwe awahlukeneyo. capital IsiNgesi emva kokuba Dutch eyangena sisityalo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezimbiwa shishino. Iinkampani ezinkulu ngenqanawe British idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi ukuthunyelwa izinto Indonesian ekrwada. Unxibelelwano phakathi IsiNgesi kunye nemali Dutch yaba kufutshane ngakumbi, bekukho ugalelwe ixabiso skie lwamashishini England-Holland ehamba kude ngaphaya Indonesia. Kulapha, eIndonesia, Ndazalwa waza waqalisa imisebenzi yayo Royal Dutch Shell, elisuke laba elinye elizayo koyena oyile trust zehlabathi, ibange US oli monopoliy.Indoneziya ngenkulungwane ye-19 ...

Le nkampani zidibene, likhokelwa Deterding, yayoyisa zonke iinkampani ezincinane kwi -oyile kunye nesiphelo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yaba bodwa ekuzibonakaliseni e Indonesia, apho isikhundla sayo ayigungqi.

E Java, naziphi izityalo ezinkulu-scale of ummoba, icuba, ikofu, iti, cinchona, elibanzi amakhulu amawaka eehektare ilizwe kakhulu. Kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala kwinkulungwane XX. beza sisityalo yokuqala imithi irabha, ngaphandle mpuma Asia, Brazil wabanika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo apha. Emva koko, lo irabha ibeyinto kumazwe inkcubeko ebalulekileyo Indonesia.

Emva Java capital amazwe indulumbane kwezinye iziqithi lencinibakazi. kwiinkampani zangaphandle wafuna yi abalawuli mimandla self-lolawulo nazilawuli iminyinyiva umhlaba nenzuzo. Unomdla iirisithi umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग neerhuluneli wabanika bokufika iipeni iindawo ezinkulu lizwe intle, ibekwe phezu konxweme ecaleni imilambo, apho kwaba lula ukuba athathe imveliso kumasimi kumazwe angaphandle. Urhulumente Dutch, ochaphazelekayo malunga kwii-ikomkhulu Dutch kungekhona izinto zangaphandle, yakhawuleza yandele kwezinye iindawo Indonesia kuqaliswa ngo-1870 ye Java "nomthetho kwezolimo". Ngu umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग kunye nabalawuli ziye kuvinjwa kwelungelo lokuzimela isivumelwano kunye imbonelelo. Kuye ejoliswe ekusekweni kolawulo Dutch phezu kwii-capital amazwe. Kwiingingqi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwakukho izityalo ezininzi icuba, ikofu irabha. Iindawo zonxweme mpuma iSumatra baye baba zabathengisi ezinkulu zempahla ekrwada kwi kwimarike yehlabathi.

Indonesia ngenkulungwane ye-19