Umakhi Cathedral St. kaIsake eSt Petersburg

ESt uIsaac Cathedral - enye izakhiwo ezininzi ezintle St. Petersburg. Indlela dude, ubuchule kunye unenzondelelo enkulu imali indalo yayo! ngezakhiwo na amehlo awayeno-, elingaphakathi mesmerizing spire segolide ebonakalayo kuzo zonke iindawo zesixeko, kwaye ukusuka kwivaranda inika iimbono mihle kweso sixeko. wobugcisa ezikhuthazayo akunakwenzeka ukuba kudlula, kuba yindawo abayithandayo abakhenkethi kunye nabahlali umzi kwi Neva. Kunye neendwendwe ezininzi lo mbuzo: "Le wezakhiwo owakha Cathedral St. bakaIsake, - ngubani na?". Sifunda impendulo kweli nqaku.

Imfundo nezakhono

umyili ozelwe Cathedral St. kaIsake ayikho eRashiya kunye namadlelo ka Paris. ebutsheni kwakhe kungqamane iimfazwe Napoleonic le XVIII kade - ekuqaleni XIX eminyaka. Ityendyana lo mfana wafunda Royal Academy of Architecture e Paris (ngaloo mihla lalibizwa ngokuba Special School of Architecture). Kabili waba ukuphazamisa nokufundisa uye umkhosi, ukuba alwe empini kukaNapoleon e-Italy kunye Germany.

Kodwa ke, nangona yonke le miqobo, umakhi elizayo Cathedral St. kaIsake unako ukufunda msebenzi ubalulekileyo Intanda French amagcisa kwexesha. Ngexesha amaphulo zomkhosi, wakwazi ukubona imizekelo emininzi yobugcisa lwamandulo, yaye emva kokuba bazinikele uNapoleon kaThixo - ukuze bafumane amava lokuqala eParis, apho wayephatha umsebenzi wokwakha.

Noko ke, ngokomakhi abanetalente ukuvelela wayesazi ukuba uya kuba uyaphi nge kwentlekele eFransi post-imfazwe ndawo basebenzise ulwazi lwabo. Kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka bafune indawo efanelekileyo zokuqonda amakhono abo. Kwaye ngoko ke wezakhiwo elizayo Cathedral St. kaIsake eSt Petersburg wagqiba ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo. Kutheni khona? Ikomkhulu eliselula yoBukhosi baseRashiya abazange abanalo indlela yokwakha ngamandla kunye netalente ezifunekayo.

Ukufika ku Russia

Ngehlobo lowe-1816 i-engumFrentshi ifika eSt Petersburg, apho wafumana isithuba of draftsman kwiKomiti phezu leMicimbi Construction Nemisebenzi Water. Enkosi ubuchule bakhe, inkuthalo kunye nokuzithemba, kungekudala uba amava amatsha kuyimfuneko ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezintsha. Unekhono kunye nokukwazi ukuba babe nesimilo esihle abantu abanempembelelo ukumnceda ukuba aye injongo yalo.

Kungekudala isongiwe kwaye isiganeko eyonwabileyo: intloko iKomiti icebisa ukuba lo abanamakhono engumFrentshi uMlawuli Alexander I njengoko ingcali kukwazi ukuphinda singaphumelelanga wokuqala Cathedral St. kaIsake.

Wezakhiwo, nkqu kokuba kakuhle waziwa, wajikeleza kwabanye abaviwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Wakwazi ukuba babe nesimilo elide phezu umlawuli, akuba thaca ukuba ihonjiswe ithe chu albhamu 24 thumbnail lomzobo, olusekelwe phezu iicawa ezininzi ezintle yaseYurophu. Yaba yinto nje ukuba nako ukungena kakuhle kwi imbonakalo obubalaseleyo somzi Neva. NgoDisemba 1817, emva konyaka onesiqingatha emva kokufika kwakhe, mathathu engumFrentshi waba womzobi enkundleni. Uyiqala umsebenzi omkhulu amashumi amane - le yindlela ixesha lwakwakhiwa yecawa odumileyo, esikwaziyo namhlanje.

master style

ubuchule kwakhe ukudibanisa imisinga ezimbini ezinkulu: classicism High (eyaziwa njengokuba uBukhosi Russian), kwaye eclectic - indibanisela izinto kwiinkqubo bokwakha ezahlukeneyo. Ngale ndlela, umakhi Cathedral St. uIsake yeyona ngcungela ukuba ixesha lakhe. Amaxesha amaninzi wasebenzisa izinto izakhiwo aphakathi Gothic ukuba wanikela ungubani ekhethekileyo.

Ngowe-1840 umakhi wenza uhambo eNgilani, eFransi, Italy kunye Germany ukuba siqhelane awohluke ze umhombiso Kumbindi izakhiwo zetempile. Amava Safumana i-project, elisuke ngumqondo eziphambili lokwakha French.

Qala zolwakhiwo yecawa

Engineering kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha kwaqala ngo-1818. Ukwakhiwa yaqhubeka ixesha elide kunye izihlandlo eziliqela imisiwe ngenxa iimpazamo ezinzulu kwi imizobo. Kodwa enkosi amava iqela elikhulu iinjineli abanamava kukwazi ukumelana neengxaki.

umphathi Construction bajula kuzo zonke iinkcukacha. Isixhobo eyahlukileyo phakamisa iintsimbi, nezintya strong for izitena namatye - ezi kunye nezinye izisombululo zobunjineli phambili kunye noyilo usebenzisa ngokomakhi oselula Cathedral St. kaIsake. E St. Petersburg, ngoko ke ikomkhulu ubukhosi yangaphambili, omninzi ingqalelo yahlawulwa ngokutsha eli ziko. Nalapho ke kwacaca ukuba wabumisela ukuze sibe enye amakhadi ukutyelela umzi.

Ukuzaliswa

Xa 1840s yokuqala waphela umsebenzi omkhulu, yaye inkosi baphendule yomhombiso ingaphakathi zetempile. Ngaphakathi kuyo ekhutshelwe eRashiya inkulu window yeglasi nebala ebonisa uKristu. Uyilo abanye ekuqaleni lwenziwa kwi-oyile, kodwa kuyo washiywa ke ukufuma isizathu eliphezulu. Kungenjalo Cathedral Isilingi udonga manqwanqwa, ihonjiswe imifanekiso 150 echazwe njengobuchule Imbasa izinto ezikhethekileyo - smalt. Amagcisa belisebenzisa ngaphezulu kwama-12 amawaka imibala, ukwenza imifanekiso yobuciko okwenyaniso.

Uyilo lomqondo jikelele siqulunqwe umakhi Cathedral St. bakaIsake, kodwa wasebenza ekudalweni imizobo, amibala-bala, iglasi nebala kunye eqingqiweyo abaculi ezininzi anetalente ixesha: Karl Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt kunye nabanye abaninzi. Enye iimbalasane ephambili yecawa yaqala uThixo amajukujuku nengubo, owazeka 100 kg zegolide.

Kunye nokudalwa St. Petersburg wobugcisa yaba uqikelelo ngenxa ibuhlungu: kuya kugqitywa xa bakaIsake Cathedral, womzobi uyafa. Esi siprofeto sazaliseka ngokuchanileyo: May 30, 1858, le ndlu yecawa zasungulwa angcwalisiweyo, amisiweyo, ngomhla wama-28 Juni umbhali projekthi iye wafa eneminyaka engama-72.

Hayi nje Cathedral kaIsake

Lomhleli iminyaka engamashumi amane ananye, wahlala eSt Petersburg, kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe kuphela wobugcisa yakhe edumileyo. Ngowe-1832, xa Palace Square yakhiwa okudalwe ngeprojekthi yakhe Alexander Column.

Kwakhona, umakhi French sele kugqityiwe odolo ezininzi zabucala. Ngenxa kule mihla amabhotwe magnificent entliziyweni St. Petersburg imangaliseke ngezakhiwo nobumbejembeje, leyo ngokupheleleko ukuxuma ukuma umzi.

Ngoku lixesha lokuba igama umntu abanetalente, isihloko eli nqaku. Umakhi St. kaIsake Cathedral - Ogyust Monferran. Ngenxa kuye, abaninzi izakhiwo adumileyo eyinkunzi esemantla ezifana ngokulula liyabonakala kwaye amazing imilo lengqondo.