Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin: engobomi, imizekeliso kunye nemizobo wegcisa

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin wayesebenza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, waye waduma wayengumzobi, umzobi wemifanekiso, inkosi enkulu ndithanda kumabala emidlalo. Wadala isimbo sakhe kwishedyuli, leyo wayeyoliswa kakhulu abaphulaphuli wafumana ngabaxelisa ezininzi. Isiphelo sale inkosi emangalisayo kunye nembali yakhe ngokugqibeleleyo zobugcisa sihlale ugqaliselo ndoda ephucukile mihla.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin wazalwa 4 (16) ngo-Agasti 1876 kwidolophana Tarkhovka ukuba kufuphi St Petersburg. Izinyanya wegcisa - eyaziwa Abarhwebi ukulungela ukusebenza, edume kwabakhweli kunye nomdla ngodlamko bayahlelwa ezweni labo. uyise womzobi, Yakov Ivanovich Bilibin waba zomkhosi kunye nogqirha emkhombeni, ngoko ke intloko esibhedlele kunye umhloli yezonyango i-Imperial Fleet, inxaxheba emfazweni Russian-Turkish. Uyise wayefuna unyana wakhe ukuba igqwetha, kwaye Ivan Bilibin oselula, iziqu kunye imbasa yesilivere kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ababhalise e St. Petersburg yeYunivesithi umthetho ngayo.

Wafunda lo mfana ngomoya omhle, waya kwikhosi epheleleyo mayeza, akhusela ithisisi yakhe. Kodwa ecaleni oku kakhulu bobuqili sulivshey zomthetho elizayo ithemba qwa soloko wahlala elinye iphupha. Yena umntwana obathandayo esondela. Ekunye izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Bilibin wafunda inzululwazi yokudweba nokuzoba kwi-School of Drawing OPH (Society ngenxa Ukhuthazo of Arts). Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo emva koko, wathabatha iiklasi esikolweni zobugcisa yabucala ngumzobi Austria-Hungarian Anton Ažbe eMunich. Kulapha ekufundweni mzobo iqhotyoshelweyo ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo nokuphuhlisa kubafundi ukukwazi ukufumana ngesimbo ngamnye yokuluka. Ekhaya Bilibin wafunda nzima ku studio yokudweba ekhokelwa yi Ili Repina.

sihloko oluthandayo

Ngexesha lokufunda Bilibina i-Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts, apho lo mfana wanika Repin, bekukho umboniso uViktor Vasnetsov, owabhala ngendlela ekhethekileyo komnye kwiintsomi Russian kunye iintsomi. ababukeli abaninzi mboniso ayedumile kwixesha elizayo amagcisa ethu. Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich yabe iphakathi kweentonga zazo. umsebenzi Vasnetsov kaThixo umxhelo umfundi ukuba intliziyo, yavuma emva koko wabona nantsi into kuva kukulangazelela isangene oko umphefumlo wakhe.

Kwiminyaka 1899-1902 qembu evuniweyo izibambiso urhulumente Russian kukhutshwa iincwadi series, baxhotyiswa ngemizekeliso kakhulu iintsomi. Kwakukho imifanekiso zomzobo iintsomi "Vasilisa Elihle", "idada White", "Ivan Tsarevich kunye Firebird" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Umbhali we mizobo ikuluhlu Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich.

Imifanekiso ukuze iintsomi

aqonda ngayo umoya wesizwe kunye izibongo into ephefumlayo iintsomi Russian, akuveli kuphela phantsi kweempembelelo umnqweno ezingacacanga kubantu zobugcisa. Le artist wayefuna ukwazi bafunde icandelo yokomoya yabantu bakhe, imibongo yakhe nobomi. Ngowe-1899, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin waya ezilalini Egny ukuba kweli phondo yaseTver, ngowe-1902, wafunda inkcubeko kunye namasiko ezizwe kwiphondo Vologda, emva konyaka, igcisa watyelela Olonets kunye Arkhangelsk kwiphondo. Ukususela uhambo Bilibin wazisa ingqokelela imisebenzi amagcisa intsomi, iinkuni zokwakha kufota.

okuvelayo wakhe kubangela imisebenzi journalistic kunye neengxelo zophando malunga lobuciko, ukwakha kunye yesinxibo yesizwe. Nokuba isiqhamo ngakumbi ngeziphumo ezi hambo ziye yokuqala imisebenzi Bilibin, apho kwafunyaniswa amkhanuke kwishedyuli inkosi kunye nesimbo okhethekileyo kakhulu. In Bilibin wahlala iitalente ezimbini brilliant - ngumphandi artist, kunye nezinye ezityetyisiweyo isipho. Ivan Yakovlevich basebenza kakuhle iinkcukacha, angavumeli ngokwabo ukuba aziyonyani na dash elinye.

Ingakumbi isimbo

Yintoni eyahlukileyo kangaka indlela yakhe amanye amagcisa Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich? Photo of ngemisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo yemivuyo kusinceda siqonde nto. On kwiphetshana sibona isekethe kufuze graphic ecacileyo, Zenziwe iinkcukacha kakhulu kwaye ahlekisayo lemifanekiso mbala aqabukile imibala kakhulu ochwayithileyo. imizekeliso yakhe epics kunye zamaqhawe iinkcukacha emangalisayo, ephila, kwimibongo hayi ngaphandle ezihlekisayo.

Yokunyamekela ukuthembeka yembali mfanekiso, owawubona kwi amanani iinkcukacha costume, izakhiwo, nempahla, inkosi wakwazi ukwakha umoya ubuhle magic yaye kungakholeleki. Oku sisondele kakhulu umoya lombutho nakubuchule "World of Art" Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin, ogama engobomi ihlobene neqela lamagcisa enxulumene. Bathi nqa ke bonke umdla atshata kwi inkcubeko elidlulileyo, esizakukhokelela ukuba ugonane yamandulo.

Umbono ihlabathi imifanekiso

Ukususela 1907 ukuya 1911 Bilibin wadala uthotho imifanekiso epics nempumelelo iintsomi imisebenzi zesihobe Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Apha imifanekiso obonwabisayo ngokugqibeleleyo kwi "Tale of the Golden Cockerel" yaye "I Tale of Tsar Saltan". Imizekeliso ziye nje shicilelo, kodwa phambili le misebenzi ngamazwi,, leyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukufunda master umoya Bilibin.

Prince Ivan kunye Frog, leyo wabhenela inkosazana, Bag of Amathambo kunye Yaga, iikulya Muromets kunye Nightingale umphangi, Elena i-Fair, Churila Plenkovich, Svyatogor - bangaphi Amaqhawe waziva intliziyo yaye "waphila" kwi kwiphetshana Ivan Ya!

Folk art iye thaca inkosi amanye amaqhinga: iindlela izihombiso bast ukuba kuyilwe isithuba wobugcisa ukuba Bilibin bazisa izenzo zabo kwimfezeko.

Imisebenzi iincwadi

Ivan Bilibin wasebenza njengomzobi kunye kwiimagazini ze ixesha. Wadala obukhulu wokuprinta kunokuba negalelo kakhulu ekukhuleni kolu shishino kunye nokwaziswa wayo inkcubeko ethandwayo. Edition of "Abantu Room ukuFunda", "The Golden seboyeni", "Ubuncwane Art of Russia" kunye nabanye akazange akwenze ngaphandle vignettes ezintle kwaye ulwazi, wallpapers, iimfele kunye iiphowusta Bilibina.

World udumo

iingcibi Russian iitshati yaziwa amazwe. Baboniswa kwimiboniso e Prague kunye Paris, Venice kunye Berlin, Vienna, eBrussels kunye Leipzig. Bona zibhaliwe iimagazini kwamanye amazwe, kunye zemidlalo amazwe wayalela imizobo Bilibin ukuze stagecraft.

imizobo satirical

Ngowe-1905 kwafika revolution lokuqala Russian. Njengoko uninzi yengqondo, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin dude kuxhaswa ngamandla iingqimba lift. Xa magazini satirical "Bugbear" yaye "Esihogweni-imeyile" wabonakala cartoon mculi. Wenza imizobo hilarious, ukugculela amagosa kakumkani,-inki kunye ngendlela yakhe edumileyo nentsomi Ukuzoba inani elikhulu kaKumkani Peas, ntathu nekratshi phezu kwizifundo zakhe. Ngexesha Imizobo revolution umzobi wayeze wabanjwa isithuba iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine.

ubuhle kunye lemifanekiso master

Bilibin yakhe njengommeli ngumbhali lwaqala ubuhle wokubonelwa wentsebenziswano kunye Paris National Theatre, wamnika umyalelo okanye kumzobo ukuya opera ngu Rimsky-Korsakov kaThixo "Snow Ntombazana". Kwakukho iiseti ngemise- eSt Petersburg eMoscow. Impumelelo ye-opera ngu Rimsky-Korsakov kaThixo "The Golden Cockerel" eMoscow kwabangelwa akukho inxalenye encinane ubuhle omangalisayo liyana, okudalwe ngesandla a yenkosi. Bilibin wenza imizobo zedrama for Mussorgsky kaThixo "Boris Godunov" kunye nesinxibo Spanish ukuba kwidrama Calderon kaThixo "Purgatory St. Patrick kaThixo," nakuzo comedy of "source Izimvu" inkawu de Vega kaThixo. Umzobi ngobuchule ngendlela enye intwazana Diaghilev kuphuhliswa.

iminyaka elishumi, ukususela 1907, Bilibin wafundisa nemizobo kule Society for Ukhuthazo yesikolo Arts. Emva kohambo eNgilani kunye Ireland Ivan Y. intle "abagulayo". Yena ngokungakhathali wabhala ulwandle lemifanekiso, esibhakabhakeni kunye kunxweme British ngqwabalala. Rocky nezithabazi umzobi wasebenza eCrimea, leyo babehamba zonke ihlobo.

kuphazamiseka Revolutionary, yokushiywa

NgoFebruwari 1917 a revolution yenzekile eRashiya. Ivan Yakovlevich bamthabatha. Wade wadala sketch umzobo kunye eagle kabini-headed, nto leyo nigcobe kophawu iingalo Provisional kaRhulumente, kwaye kakhulu kamva yasetyenziswa zazinegama iingqekembe.

I-October Revolution akazange abangele igcisa nomdlandla. Ngowe-1920 wemka waya phesheya ukusuka kwizibuko Novorossiysk yaye yaphela e eYiputa. Apha Bilibin wayemiselwe ukuba aphile iminyaka emine.

Imisebenzi yalo xesha - imizobo evela iiphiramidi endimangazayo obungunaphakade, imizobo kunye eni nomzobo yabemi neCairo.

Xa ekwindla ka-1925 Ivan Yakovlevich waya eParis waza waqalisa ukusebenza inxaxheba iincwadi, kubonisa Russian, Western naseMpuma nentsomi. Ngexesha yokushiywa Bilibin wadala yoyilo ezinkulu icons esekelwe yebandla Russian kwi Olsany kumangcwaba ePrague.

Leminyaka phakathi kweminyaka 1920-1930 Ivan Yakovlevich nangokuvakalayo kwaye ngempumelelo basebenza kuyilo kweemveliso kumabala emidlalo wenza nomzobo lonyaka opera kwi yeqonga aseChamps Élysées, wasebenza entreprise «opera Russian e Paris," uye wadala yoyilo engaqhelekanga ballet Stravinsky kaThixo "I Firebird."

ukubuya

Ubomi elubhacweni osisityebi, simahla, kodwa igcisa angazishiyi ekhula ndilangazelela iRashiya. Ngexesha ekuthinjweni yintliziyo, akazange wathabatha ubumi amazwe yaye wathabatha ngabemi yiSoviet ngo-1935. Ngelo xesha wadala iqela omkhulu "Mikula Selyaninovich 'ukuze kwakhiwe nonozakuzaku yiSoviet kwikomkhulu French. Emva konyaka, igcisa kunye nosapho lwakhe babuyela kwilizwe labo. Bilibin kukwamkelwa ngobubele ngurhulumente omtsha waba uprofesa zikamasifundisane ecacile Institute of Umzobo, Umfanekiso, Architecture Academy of Arts eLeningrad. Akazange ashiye umsebenzi entsimini yemizobo ncwadi.

Ngumzobi edumileyo , wafa ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni of iLeningrad ngo-1942 ngenxa yendlala, wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni unjingalwazi kwi ESmolensk emangcwabeni.

Otchetliv kunye ulandelele okuqaqambileyo baseleyo imbali yezobugcisa ezimangalisayo artist Russian Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin. Imizobo, imizobo, imizobo kunye nezinye neyoyikekayo iisampulu bakhe ubuchule agcinwe ngoku ngokuqokelela karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Ukuba bahombise ezi holo "ye Russian Museum" eSt Petersburg, ukuba ababonise kwi Theatre Museum. Bakhrushin e Moscow, Kiev Museum of Russian Art, e kwiMyuziyam eLondon Victoria kunye Albert, eParis National Gallery e Oxford Ashmolean Museum kunye nabanye abaninzi.