Indawo yaseArmenia: inkcazelo, imida, iimpawu

Umbuso waseArmenia usekuhlaleni kwe-Eurasia. Itholakala kwingxenyeni esezantsi yommandla we-geopolitiki weSouth Caucasus (iTranscaucasia). Iyintoni intsimi yaseArmenia ngobukhulu? Ummandla wurhulumente phantse iimitha ezili-30,000. Km. Ubemi malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezi-3.3. I-Armenia yazisa ukuzimela ngo-1991. Iphephe emacaleni amane: ngasentshonalanga - kunye neTurkey, enyakatho - neGeorgia, eningizimu - kunye ne-Iran kunye nempuma-ngeAzerbaijan. Urhulumente akanayo migangatho yolwandle. Inkunzi enkulu yiYerevan. Ifom ka rhu lumente.

Kuphakathi kwe-Caspian Sea kunye noMnyama, i- Highlands yaseArmenian ikhona . Ngasenyakatho kufinyelela kwiinqonga zeCaucasus encinane. Kwaye inxalenye yayo esenyakatho-mpuma yintsimi yeRiphabliki. IArmenia, nangona kunjalo, njengamanye amazwe aseCaucasus, ilizwe leentaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli ndawo lichaphazela ngqo izinto ezininzi. Kwaye yintoni na, unokufumanisa ngokufunda eli nqaku.

Iimpawu zendawo

IArmenia, njengoko ikhankanywe ngentla, yilizwe elinentaba, elisezantsi kwi- Alpine folding. Le yintsimi yeentaba, inkqubo yokwakha engagqityiwanga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu, ekhuluma ngokuqhubeka kwezakhiwo zentaba, iinyikima. Kuye kwasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ngexesha lokuhlala kwayo iArmenia iye yaxhaswa ngamanyathelo amaninzi. Ngokukhawuleza amandla e-jerks afinyelele kwiingongoma ezili-10 kwi-12.

Ukuqubuka komhlaba kuhambelana nenyaniso yokuba intsimi yaseArmenia ikhona kwindawo apho kukho iziphene ze-tectonic: i-Garni, i-Akhuryansky ne-Pambak-Sevan. Kukho kubo ubunzulu be-20-35 km kukho i-foci yeentshukumo ezizayo. Inyikima yokugqibela enkulu yaseArmenia yenzeka ngo-1988. Ukuthungca kwafikelela kwiingongoma ezili-10 kwaye kwagqitywa ummandla wonke welizwe, kwaye ingqungquthela yokuthuthumela ihamba emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yentlekele ezininzi izixeko zatshatyalaliswa, kwafa abantu abangaba ngamawaka ama-25.

Uncedo

Intsimi yaseArmenia ihlala ihlala ezintabeni. IRiphabhliki ithathwa njengelizwe leentaba. Ingaphezulu kwe-90% yommandla wonke karhulumente usekuphakameni kweemitha ezili-1 000. Imimandla ephantsi kakhulu ibhalwa kwisilambo somlambo kwicala elingasentla (380 m ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle). Intaba ephakamileyo eArmenia yiNtaba yeAragats. Itholakala entshonalanga yelizwe. Olu luhlu lukhotho lweentaba ezine eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kunye nobude obude beekhilomitha ezingama-40. Inqanaba eliphezulu lifikelela kumawaka angama-4 eemitha.

Kuphela i-15% yintsimi ehlala kuyo. Zinommandla omncinci kwaye zimelelwe ikakhulukazi ngamabhodlela ase-intermontane kunye nokuphala. Intili enkulu kunazo zonke yaseArmenia yiAraratskaya, kunye nommandla wee-3 300 square meters. Km. Kwakukho kwingingqi esentshona yelizwe. Nangona kukho indawo encinci, amathafa ayibaluleke kakhulu ebomini belizwe. Kwabulela kulezi ziza ukuba zenzeke ukuphuhlisa ezolimo.

Iimpawu zemozulu

Intsimi yaseArmenia ihlale ihlala kwindawo ephantsi kwezulu. Kodwa imeko yemozulu kwilizwe iyahluka ngokubanzi kummandla. Oku kuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo apho indawo ethile ikhona khona. Eli lizwe kukho indawo ze-climo ezili-6. Zisasazwa kwicandelo lokuphakama kwezakhiwo. Kwiindawo eziplaniweyo, umoya wezulu usetshisa ihlobo elishisayo kunye nekhephu elifudumeleyo ebusika. Ephakamileyo ummandla uphakama, kushushu kuba:

• Kwiintaba eziphantsi - imozulu esomileyo kunye nobusika obuthathaka kunye nehlobo olufudumeleyo ehlobo;
• Kwiintaba eziphakathi - zilinganise ngokushisa okufudumalayo nokushisa okubandayo;
• Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni - imozulu yindawo ebandayo yokubanda ngokushisa kwamaqabunga kunye nokushisa okubanda.

Isixa semvula sanda kunye nokuphakama: ukususela kuma-350 mm kumalafeni ukuya kwi-900 mm kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ubaluleka obukhulu kummandla weqondo lokushisa unikezwa yimimoya. Ebusika, zivela kummandla osenyakatho nentshona, ehlotyeni kwimimandla esezantsi kunye nezantsi-mpuma.

Imithombo yamaminerali

IArmenia lizwe elinemihlaba ecebileyo yamaminerali. Iintlobo ezingama-60 ziye zahlolwa kwaye zatshitshiswa. Ukusuka kwiimigodi zensimbi kukho iipasiti ze-aluminium, i-molybdenum ores, kunye nedizithi zegolide, iplatinum. Intsimi yentaba yaseArmenia isityebi kwiitye zamatye. Le marble, ipumice, tuff, dolomite, perlite, limestone.

Amanzi angaphakathi

Imithombo engama-700 yamanzi amaminerali angaphantsi komhlaba iye yahlolisiswa kwintsimi yelizwe, eneempembelelo zokuphelisa. Bonke abemi baseSoviet Union bayazi malunga neendawo ezizodwa zale manzi. Akukho nto ngaphambili, abantu abaninzi bazama ukuza eArmenia ukuze baphucule.

Eli lizwe lizityebi kwizibonelelo zamanzi. Kwintsimi yalo apho kukho imilambo eyi-9,5 eyiwaka, kukho amachibi angaphezu kwe-100. Imifula emikhulu yaseArmenia yiAkhuryan, Debed, eHrazdan, Arpa. Ilitye elikhulu kunazo zonke nguSevan.

YaseNagorno-Karabakh

Ingxabano ye-ethnopolitical yahlala ixesha elide phakathi kwamazwe amabini (iArmenia neAzerbaijan). Nangona kunjalo, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-80 yekhulu le-20, iqhutywe ngamandla amakhulu. Ngomnyaka we-1991, imisebenzi yamagosa emikhulu yaqala yachaphazela abahlali bobabini. Bahlala iminyaka emine. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1994, kwakusayinwe umqulu wokuphela komlilo, kodwa nanamhla i-Nagorno-Karabakh yintsimi ephikisanayo yaseArmenia neAzerbaijan.