Ukuziphatha kakubi: imizekelo. Ukuziphatha kakubi kwabantwana abaselula: izizathu, iifom, ukuthintela

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ingxaki ngendlela etenxileyo kakhulu sibi. ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, ehlabathi enkulu, ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha, ekuphuhliseni ulawulo lwentando yesininzi kwakunye iziganeko zidla baxabane olunzulu elivisayo. Ki young ingcinezelo, eyasekwa okanye ebekwe yi imigaqo yokuziphatha. Amaxesha amaninzi lo koqhankqalazo iba iindlela ezinobungozi neziyilimazayo indalo nje kuphela "abalweli" abaselula, kodwa kuluntu lonke.

Ukutenxa kule mimiselo yokuziphatha

Ngaphaya kwemida kudala esicaciswe eyiyeyabantu kule khosi yophuhliso lwayo. ngendlela etenxileyo, imizekelo apho unako kungabonwa kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu - yinto ukutenxa nezithethe, amasiko, imigaqo kunye nezithethe. Yinto eqhelekileyo, oko kumgwebela ezilindelekileyo zehlabathi, okanye iqela labantu. Kucacile ukuba kukho uluntu ngokupheleleyo esifanelekileyo: ngokufuthi amalungu alo ukwenza Niyazi ukuba umthetho, ngokudlulisela izinqumo musa ukwenza imisebenzi. Kodwa lo abasabela ayikho umbala silwe okanye etshabalalisayo, kunoko, oko izaliswe izinto banyebeleza, ukonqena, ukubawa, kunye nezinye iimpawu yomntu ngamnye. Ukuba umntu onjalo yaye konakalise bona abanye, loo nto nguMordekayi, ngokulula amendable.

Ezimbini - enye ngendlela etenxileyo. Imizekelo Life ibonisa ukuba unalo mpembelelo elibi hayi kwi zengqondo kunye nophuhliso kwasemzimbeni umntu, kodwa elihle kwezentlalo yakhe. Kwaye yintoni buhlungu kakhulu, omnye umntu ubunzima kulo. ngendlela etenxileyo eyona njongo yayo;

• ngosukelo lokuzingca. Izenzo zabo Injongo - ukufumana inzuzo eziphathekayo: ubusela, ukuphanga, intelekelelo, ubusela, ubuqhophololo.
• kubonakaliswa ndlongondlongo. Eli nyathelo nxamnye ngamnye: ngokwesondo, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye yokuziphatha ubundlobongela.
• sengqondo lweNtlalo kunye kwisixando sokwenziwa. Silumkele ubomi ngokupheleleyo ekuhlaleni, ukungabi namdla kwimicimbi zangoku: nokungaqiniseki, ukunxila, ukuzibulala.

ukungaqheleki zokuziphatha nga zihlelwe kwi eziliqela, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yokuhlukunyezwa (yokuziphatha, ukuziphatha, umthetho); ezixhasayo (lokuzingca, silwe, silahle); artist (umntu, iqela labantu, umbutho).

Ezahlukahlukeneyo ngendlela etenxileyo

Ngabom lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu ukuphazamiseka. Ngamnye kubo ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo, njengesiseko yokuma elements yenkuthazo eziphikisana:

1. disorder yengqondo, oko kukuthi, ubukho leengxaki naso okanye lufundiwe elivisayo. Ingxaki ngendlela etenxileyo adla kubonakala kubantu schizophrenia, asthenia, imbecility, ukukhubazeka engqondweni kunye nezinye izigulo lokuqonda. Eli qela nayo kuquka abantu abaye accentuated umlinganiswa xa ezinye izinto ezinxaxhileyo ekuziphatheni zisekhona kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo, kodwa phantse kumda kwi ngezifo. Abantu abanjalo nabo wabeka isigulo article, kodwa azimchazi ngokwenyani ukuba bangenele unyango efunekayo, ngenxa yokuba Usenokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo, engafumani iifitsha psyche zabo.

2. ukuziphatha Anti zentlalo-. Abantu abathanda izenzo ezingalunganga ngokupheleleyo siphilile. Isidumo, esenziwa kubo, kukho ezininzi yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka 'nto nje ukuyenza, "yaye lizama ukuguqula zonke iziseko oluntu ngamahla ndinyuka ngenxa lonikezelo olungalinganiyo ubutyebi kuyo. Ukuba amatyala enziwe aba bantu, musa ukulimaza kakhulu kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo, kukulungiswa ngendlela etenxileyo kwenzeka isivakalisi ngokuhambelana nezithethe kwabasebenzi kunye nomthetho wolawulo. Amapolisa zidla emiselweyo violators yabasebenzi olungiso okanye isohlwayo ngokurhafiswa phezu kwabo; e kwishishini, iziko okanye i-ofisi ukuze abantu nazo khalimela, amanyathelo oluleko okanye agxothwe. Ukuba umthetho lo mthetho, ngoko ukuba umoni isicelo izohlwayo ezingqongqo ngakumbi, ezifana nokubanjwa okanye avalelwe enye okanye ezinye imigca.

Enoba isiqalo zokuziphatha lokungaziphathi, ngayo nayiphi na indlela kuyimfuneko ukukhusela, yaye loo mntu owaphule umthetho, isicelo amanyathelo othintelo, ephilisayo sazela.

accentuation

On kufuneka bathethe ngokweenkcukacha, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi ngoyena rhoqo waphawula phakathi abasakhulayo xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba ngumntu. Accentuation, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe - yinto ecaleni kancinane ukusuka udidi yokuziphatha. Kulo mzekelo, abafikisayo ngokuthi phawu umlinganiswa othile, ngokufuthi ezimbi, nto leyo iba yingxaki ukunxibelelana nabanye. Ngokomzekelo, yena uyakwazi ngokuphandle krwada ootitshala nabazali, ukuba alahle wasekhaya, abadala ngoyaba izicelo zoncedo-njalo. Izizathu oku kuba ezininzi: inkqubo yesikolo esimbaxa, ubunzima yobudala lenguqu, impembelelo ukufikisa. Ukuba kongeza kuyo yinkathazo ezikumila lobuqu, okanye ntshikilelo abanamava ngenxa yeengxaki entsatsheni, sifumana ezininzi kule ukulungele lokungaziphathi ukuba ukuziphindezela bonke kunye neminye imirhumo.

Kuyenzeka ukuba koqhankqalazo lomntwana alukho esebenzayo kwaye ngendlela kwisixando sokwenziwa. Le impendulo yokuziphatha kuthiwa ukudakumba, yaye naye ifihlwe ngenyameko Vimba abadala. Oku uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngenxa iziphako ecingelwayo emzimbeni ukuba abantwana imnika bebodwa elivisayo. Njengoko elivisayo kunokuba ebizwa ngokuba kwiimfuno zolawulo, xa ngokungafanelekanga athwale uxanduva iziganeko ezibalulekileyo okanye ezibuhlungu. Oku kwakhona ngendlela etenxileyo. Imizekelo ekunokuthiwa kulandelayo: ukuziva benetyala emva kokulahlekelwa omthandayo, ukufa isilwanyana okanye umhlobo kakhulu best ukugula.

Izinto ezibangela ngendlela etenxileyo

Inxalenye kwabo sele igama. Izazi ezintathu eziphambili mthombo zaseprayimari apho ukuziphatha yoluntu nomthinjana ngaphaya libunile:

1. ukungalingani kwezentlalo. Le meko ujonge umntwana usafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi: ofunda abanxibe ngcono kunokuba wenzayo, ukuba ube imali njalo njalo. Minor uziva amahlwempu, uschemlonnym. Yena akanako ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yabo neetalente ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto eziphathekayo. Nkqu self-actualization maxa wambi nzima xa kungekho mali olufumanekayo, apho unako ukuthenga iincwadi, ii-atlasi, iintyilalwazi. Umntwana ngumsindo kwi ihlabathi liphela, kodwa kuqala - ngabazali. Nokuba bathe bazama kangangoko zabo, baqonde izenzo engaqondi ukuba akusoloko iminqweno yabantu ungqamane nge zenzeko yayo.
2. into yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko. Kubonakala kuphuhliso ngokomoya ephantsi oluntu, ukungakhathali kwinzululwazi nobugcisa. Umntwana ubukele nokuncipha kwabo yokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu, abaninzi kubo, umzekelo, uthathwa ukuba umzimba eziqhelekileyo isiganeko zorhwebo kunye nabasebenzi, butywala abaninzi ngemizimba.
3. Environment, uluntu. Abameli yokugqibela yi hayi kuphela ngoyaba deviants, kodwa idla ngokuba kakuhle kokuba ngayo. Kwezintsuku ngazo, esola kulo lonke imfundo abahlala iintsapho ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kwaye balibale ukuba ubuntu senziwa kwindawo yokuqala ayikho abazali, kodwa le ndoda ngokwayo. Kukho abantu abaninzi abaye wakhulela bume engentle, kodwa ikwazile ukunyusa yangaphakathi nasemandleni kokuzimisela namandla, ngoko ifikelele eziphakamileyo ezithile ebomini baze babe ngamalungu eqhelekileyo kuluntu.

Iimpawu ngendlela etenxileyo uphawulwe ngokungabikho epheleleyo iimpawu namandla abafikisayo okanye bokuhlala kwabo njengabaphambukeli "ebuthongweni" karhulumente. Kunokuba self bakhetha lula, kodwa indlela eziyingozi, nto leyo kunika zisabonakala yokukhohlisa ngokohlobo utywala okanye iziyobisi okanye isingqiniso ngengqondo, esizibonakalisa ngohlobo lobundlobongela.

typology

Zokuziphatha ezingangqinelaniyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo yobomi, kwaye kwaqaqambisa American ngezentlalo uRobert uKumkani Merton, eyaziwa ngokuba izifundo zakhe le ngxaki. typology yakhe isekelwe phezu kwengcinga kokushenxa umsantsa phakathi imilinganiselo yokuziphatha iziqu kunye neendlela zokufumana kubo:

1. Innovation. Abantu bathatha injongo yoluntu, akanakuzazi, kodwa bayamkhanyela indlela eqhelekileyo ekufezekiseni (namahenyukazi, bemeko- iiphiramidi zemali, blackmailers, abaphengululi ezinkulu).
2. Zingenazithethe. iinjongo Society indiva, kwaye indlela zokufikelela kuzo kuthatha ngqiqweni. Ngokomzekelo, le bureaucrat, efuna iinkcukacha amakhulu ngokuzalisa yamaxwebhu angabhalwanga. Ngelo xesha ayilibale into eziphambili: oko zatyikitywa amaphepha.
3. Retritizm - an ubalekele iqiniso. Iinjongo ngamnye kwaye uyala zonke iindlela zokufikelela kuzo (likhoboka leziyobisi, abangenamakhaya).
4. Bunt. Ukuphika imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umnqweno ukwenza kubo, ukuba indawo nobugoci-goci bayo phambili (revolution).

Ukuziphatha kwe Merton zisibonisa ukuba akusoloko unxaxho elibi. Ngapha koko, akukho nto imbi, nto nje uzama ukudala iimeko ezingcono ubomi izenzo yotshintsho olululo. Ngokumalunga nzulu kakhulu, ngoko kubhaliwe ingqalelo, phezu koko, elihloniphekileyo iziqu kunye engaziqhelanga olungephi okanye ukuzibandeza umntu.

Etywaleni kwakunye neziyobisi

Ezi ntlobo zimbini ukuziphatha lokungaziphathi phakathi elivisayo zixhaphakile kakhulu kunabanye. Butywala - kukutya kakhulu iziselo ezinxilisayo ngu abantwana, nto leyo enokusongela impilo yabo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, likhoboka zophendlo lwezifo ebangela ukuxhomekeka. Kukho izizathu ezininzi: yofuzo, iziphene syndrome, imikhwa ngamnye ubuntu, bume oqatha, ukwazi. imizekelo ngendlela etenxileyo okubonisa ukusela utywala Abafundi uba ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ophuhliso, ukunqongophala lokubaluleka kwi ezihlangeneyo, nokungakhuseleki. Ndikhuphe umntwana ingozi kwenkampani ngokukhawuleza ukuze amsindise kwimiphumo ebuhlungu utywala, kufuneka ukuba ufumane ixhoba amava umdla, kwakunye nabahlobo eqhelekileyo ukuba bonisa umzekelo self-ngoluvo ezinye iindlela. UMbutho uye beze amanyathelo asemthethweni ukwenzela ukuthintela welding lwe namathole yokuvalwa ekuthengisweni kumanenekazi utywala ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18, ifayini ngabazali kuba imbonakalo unyana okanye intombi yabo ukwimeko anxile. Ukongeza, accustoming abantwana ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala lulwaphulo-mthetho leyo wohlwaywe phantsi komthetho yolawulo mthetho.

Mkhuba - esinye Utyeshelo kwisiqhelo. Oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa eyondeleleneyo ezinxilisayo uvalo izinto ezidala umonakalo enzulu lakho imisebenzi engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Teen uba sixhomekeke emacwecweni, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke kunye iinaliti ngenxa ukuyekelela inxalenye yoluntu. Amaxesha amaninzi ngoncedo iziyobisi abantwana baveze izimvo zabo okanye anelise ukwazi. Sezinto kuyo rhoqo ikwakhuthaza elivisayo ukuba indlela kulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuba bafumane imali yokuthenga potions ngokungekho mthethweni. Abantwana ebukhobokeni ezinjalo, kufuneka siphathwe kumaziko ezizodwa. Bashiye ngokwakho ukuba iziyobisi 'amaxesha kuba nzima.

Ubufebe nobufanasini

ngendlela etenxileyo, imizekelo ebonisa amantombazana ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngokwesondo ngentlawulo okanye ngaphandle kuyo kwakhona ingaqhelekanga. Isizathu - umnqweno ukwenza imali, ukuphucula imeko yemali yawo, ukuba abazali abakwazi ukunika yonke ayilawulwa masikhokelwe fashion kwaye zikhuthazwa ngamajelo eendaba, "ubomi ezintle." Yongeza kule kwinqanaba elisezantsi inkcubeko elivisayo kunye kakubi zayo kwezentlalo, ingxaki entsatsheni, kwaye ngabandayo abadala, indlela eya kwi bar ye umntwana uba uhlobo usindiso, indlela yokusindisa umntu ubunzima kunye ezenzeka ebomini. Ukunciphisa izinga zobunongogo abantwana ukuba ubuncinane, kucetyiswa ukuba ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezizodwa zemfundo ngesondo, ukuba alinganayo ukungalingani kwezentlalo, kuphuculwe umkhwa yabemi.

Ke ukuba ubufanasini, ngoko kwiimeko ezininzi le sifuze naso. Ukufumana ukuba akayi angathanda abanye, le bhungu saphule ndidandathekile, uqala ukuthatha kwinani elikhulu iziyobisi kunye notywala, abaphethwe nezifo nokuphazamiseka engqondweni. minor olunjalo kufuneka specialist care abanezakhono. Ukuba obufanayo zibandakanyeke nini okanye akhethe, i abantu abathile unetyala nazo entolongweni. Hi ndlela leyi, enxamnye ngokwesondo - ukuziphatha Like kakhulu. Imizekelo Life zibonisa ukuba abantu abatsha aqalile ukuthatha nomdla sadomasochism, iqela ubuhlobo kunye nezinye izinto nemvelo.

Ukuzibulala nobugebengu

Injongo ukuzibulala okanye zama ubagonyamele abanye ngale ndlela - ingakumbi njengoko ngendlela etenxileyo. Iminyaka yobudala kakhulu yingozi kubantu abatsha - iminyaka 16-19: ngelo xesha uqhele ukuphoxeka ebomini ngenxa yothando ayiphumelelanga lokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukufumana umsebenzi okanye baqhubeke nemfundo yabo. isimo Social, ungquzulwano kunye noluntu engxaki nazo inkuthazo enamandla ukuba ukuzibulala. Kuba abantu bafune ukuzibulala, ukucwangcisa iinkonzo zenkxaso yengqondo kunye zoncedo. Essential and othintelo umsebenzi: umntwana imfundo onethemba ochwayitileyo, ebonisa ngomzekelo ukuba ubomi imivumbo ezintle kwaye amnyama, apho zifumaneka phantse yonke negalelo kuyo kuphela ukungafani kunye netat incasa.

Ulwaphulo - oluthile yokuziphatha anti-zentlalo, nto leyo sibhekiswe abemi, uluntu kunye nendlela yokuphila. Motivation e intsha ezahlukeneyo: ukusukela ububi eziqhelekileyo kunye nesiphelo ndlongo ngokungeyomfuneko. Ukuze kukhuselwe isizukulwana ezikhula kwimpembelelo yehlabathi mthetho, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhube izifundo kwizikolo kwi izihloko ezichaphazelekayo. Bazali, kuba inxenye yabo, zinyanzelekile ukuba bachaze ukuba ukwaphula umthetho - kubi, umonakalo okanye ukulimaza abanye - ukuziphatha akwamkelekanga kwaye etenxileyo ohlwaywe nangayiphi na indlela.

usize

indlela rhuthu ukuba enzonzobileni nomthinjana bazikhethe apho zibandakanyeke? Lwezazi bathi: okokuqala, kuya kunceda inkqubo ekhethekileyo karhulumente. ngendlela etenxileyo abantwana ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ukuba ulawulo, kuba umsebenzi neengcali. Kwakhona iimeko zivuma ukuvulwa kwamaziko ukuvuselelwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo abanamava apho iingcali abaza kudalwa azaba nakuzisiza ulutsha kulo mkhuba, ukwalathisa amandla yabo nemveliso luncedo isiteshi ekuhlaleni.

Okwesibini, kuya kufuneka nejelo uncedo olukhulu ezisebenza kwimizi ngemizi, nejelo kazwelonke nawengingqi iisayikholojisti ingcebiso yosapho.

Okwesithathu, ukufunda nolwamkelo elivisayo akufunekanga ukuba simiswe nokuba imini. ngendlela etenxileyo abafundi kufuna uhlengahlengiso rhoqo, ekufuneka kwenzeka kubanjiswene ngokupheleleyo kunye UMhloli of kweminyaka, oogqirha, amagosa amapolisa, abameli nokulindwa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, aba bantwana kufuneka lirhoxe usapho, ukuba isizathu sokuba kwenzeke olo phambuko kanye impembelelo yabazali.

Prevention of ngendlela etenxileyo

Ukuze benze oku, la manyathelo alandelayo ziqulunqwe:

1. Ukwenza iinkqubo zemfundo nezophuhliso, izifundo ezikolweni. Ezi izifundo ajolise ekufundiseni abafikisayo kunye nemfundo ayikuthandi oluzinzileyo kwiziyobisi, utywala, njalo-njalo. D.

2. Ukukhuthaza ezemidlalo kunye yokuphila esempilweni. Vala icuba kunye iintengiso zotywala.

3. Umbutho semisebenzi umdla kwaye ulwazi zolonwabo yabantu abatsha. Ukusebenza abantwana ngendlela etenxileyo kufuna uphuhliso kulo mzekelo nje yokuzonwabisa, nto leyo ahambisana ezenzekayo ngoku kunye neendlela fashion.

4. Ukunyamekela eziphathekayo yentlalo-ntle yabantwana.

Ukuthintela ukuziphatha okungafaniyo kufuneka kuhlanganise onke amanqanaba ebemi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imeko yabo yentlalo, inkolo, izinga lemfundo kunye nezinye izinto. Umsebenzi oyintloko kukuseka ubuhlobo obuthembayo phakathi kwentsha kunye nabazali bakhe. Ngaloo ndlela ke unokuqiniseka ukuba xa kwenzeka ingxaki, umfundi uya kucela uncedo kumama okanye uyise, kungekhona kwinkampani engathandabuzekiyo yabahlobo.

Ubuhlobo obusenyongweni kwintsapho - isibambiso sokuba awuyi kuze uphumelele ekuziphatheni kakubi kwonyana wakho okanye intombi yakho. Ukunyamekela ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwixesha elizayo azikho iingxaki, udinga ukususela kwiminyaka emncinci. Yiphulaphula umntanakho: mnike uthando nothando, ungafungi phambi kwakhe, thetha nomntwana kwiintlobo ezahlukileyo, wabelane ngeemvakalelo zakho nemvakalelo, phulaphula indlalifa uze uphulaphule uluvo lwakhe. Yiba ngumhlobo othembekileyo, othembekileyo nothembekileyo kumntwana.