Ukuvela komthetho kunye neempawu zayo

Ukuvela umthetho - enye yeengxaki entsonkothileyo theory zomthetho. Waba ingxoxo, njengoko angamakhulu embalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo yaye namhlanje. Xa kunjalo, ngamnye iimbono unelungelo lokuba khona. Izizathu ezithandwa kakhulu kuba isenzeko ilungelo, uyakwazi ukufunda ngokufunda nqaku.

umphakathi ukuzazi

Enye kwindawo kakhulu uthandwayo imbono kukuba ukuvela ekunene wayeselapho ngexesha yamandulo kwinkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaloo mihla nayiphi na imimiselo kwakudala.

UNjingalwazi Malinowski and Sabo ukholelwa ukuba indima mthetho yaba abadala okanye iinkokheli yothuba elithile. zizathu Kamva ngokuba ukuvela amalungelo ephathiswe eBandleni, olawula umthetho.

iziseko Scientific emphakathini eyayingekaphuhli

Ukuvela kwamalungelo leyo zinenjongo edibene iintsomi, izithethe, amasiko - apha wazilanda inguqulelo ezolileyo evela mononorm, ezo thaca ngengqiqo kwecacileyo, yimimiselo yoqoqosho, isimilo kunye nomthetho.

Sele kwisithuba kwenkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu lixubayele revolution Neolithic njengomda clip le. Ngenxa kulo mba waqala ukuthatha ekubumbeni umgaqo historicism. Le postulate sisiseko kolwazi kwabantu behlabathi zenzululwazi ezininzi, ezifana bulumko, ulawulo, kwabantu, njalo-njalo. kusetyenziswa lo mgaqo, kubandakanywa, ukuba isifundo yomthetho, imiba kwakulayitwa imvelaphi yayo, ukuchongwa beengcamango ezintsha, njalo njalo.

Izizathu amalungelo ezimela ukuyilwa kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ngokwezindlu, uluntu. Ngokuphathelele koku kukho umbuzo osemthethweni: na ilungelo lokuba khona? Ngaba ubukho nkampani nefuthe uphuhliso wayo, xa uthelekisa lo mkhuba kunye nophuhliso karhulumente? Impendulo siyifumana iingcamango ezininzi ezenzeka ngoku.

theory zenkolo

Ukuvela ilungelo ukucacisa ingcamango zenkolo. abalandeli bawo Foma Akvinsky kunye Avreliy Avgustin. Le mbono yeyona yamandulo, kwaye isiseko sophuhliso kunye nezinye izifundo kwemithetho imvelaphi.

Isiseko se theory ngezakwaLizwi abulawe umthetho kaThixo, nto leyo ethe eyenziwe uMdali. Abalandeli le ngcamango bakholelwa ukuba umthetho awamnika sona uThixo, ukuba uluntu njengomnye nesenzeko behlabathi. Njengoko ingxabano ababhali ukusebenzisa isikhundla iBhayibhile, nto leyo umthetho abantu bonke. Ukongeza, kukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi amalungelo ngenxa kwabo imithetho uThixo awawunika uMoses.

Abalandeli bathi isiseko umthetho umyalezo kaThixo kunye intelligence kaThixo olawula ihlabathi. Kwindawo yesibini ngowona mthetho zendalo ingcamango ngezakwaLizwi, okt, i inkqubo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, ezithe zaphuhliswa ngenxa yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu.

Kakade ke, le mbono abuvavanywanga ngokwenzululwazi njengoko esekelwe kuphela izibakala unqulo kunye nokholo. ubungqina obuphathekayo ngentla banikwe ababhali theory ayikwazanga phambili. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, amalungu ale umbono bewenza bamaSilamsi abafundi zeeyunivesithi Western yamaKatolika.

Isikolo zembali

Mbono kwamalungelo thaca iintlobo enkulu, phakathi apho kwindawo ekhethekileyo nekuhlala ingqikelelo yembali imvelaphi lomthetho. Abalandeli ezijngwa Savigny kunye Hugo. isikolo Historical luhlobo uchasaniso kwingcamango komthetho yendalo. Ingcinga yavela ngenkulungwane ye-19.

Umongo kuyo kukuba lungelo ingeyiyo into enyanzelwe, kwaye ebingaqhelanga ukwnziwa yi-mthetho, uMbumbi sisiseko sophuhliso zembali. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso womthetho, ngokusekelwe kwithiyori imbali, ixhomekeke kwezi ntlobo-2 bamntu; mthetho kunye bewenza. Injongo 1 iqela ekusetyenzweni oluchanekileyo ulawulo lomthetho, kwakunye ngexesha awuse mthetho. Njengoko abameli, injongo yabo kukuba ekhompyutheni ukuthetha amazwi abantu, ukubonisa uluvo iifomyula zomthetho. Ukongeza, ukuba ekunene iya kuthatyathwa kuphela xa ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mbono kuneengenelo ezithile nezingalunganga. Kwelinye icala, salatha kuphuhliso zembali, leyo sizalwa ukuyilwa yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni. Kwaye phezu kwelinye, ngokupheleleyo ingqalelo eminye imiba ukuyilwa kwemimiselo yezomthetho.

umthetho Natural theory yomthetho

Gugo Grotsy ne Jean-Zhak Russo na abalandeli ziyabethabethana umthetho wendalo yomthetho. Bathi ukuba ukongeza izithethe ezisekiweyo ngurhulumente, kukho yinxalenye kunye endalo imithetho indalo azidalileyo. theory Natural uthi sizalwa ngomntu wonke ukusuka ekuzalweni. Nangoku, bewenza mihla ungabelana ilungelo ibe ngamaqela amabini: HIV kunye nomthetho wemvelo. Le yokuhlela sesikweni nge Grotius kunye Rousseau.

Ababhali qaphela ukuba amalungelo yendalo kuqala ngaphezu HIV, ukususela apho ukususela ekuzalweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imithetho esekwe ngurhulumente. Ukongeza, nezizathu ukuvela theory amalungelo uyayichaza, njengoko ekholelwa ukuba ngomntu wonke ukususela kwixesha lokuzalwa uba umnini lungelo bucala kwenye.

theory zomthetho

Oonobangela ilungelo ucacisa enye imfundiso - yolawulo. Lubonakala yi ukuqina, njengoko yesebe yolawulo wabonakala kumazwe aseAsia, apho imithetho engqongqo zomthetho esekwe unanamhla.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba iimeko zemozulu yomhlaba eziqatha, kwakunye nombutho eyimfuneko yomsebenzi yasemkhosini zavelisa inkqubo karhulumente yileyo. Kakuhle eli mfundiso imfuneko yokuseka umyalelo ngqwabalala kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi zoluntu nezentlalo.

Njengoko kuboniswe kumava embali, izibonelelo zolawulo ezifunekayo kuzo zonke ixesha lophuhliso loluntu, kodwa imbonakalo amalungelo obunini ke abemi, urhulumente, amalungelo yokuziphatha, umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye namanye amaziko kunye noshishino ilawulwa kuphela ligunya esemthethweni lizwe.

Yoxolelwaniso theory ngemvelaphi

Abenzi bemeko- ingqikelelo ngoxolelwaniso zithathwa Berman kunye Anners. Ababhali ndithetha ngenjongo ekunene. Berman kunye Anners uluvo ukuba imithetho zomthetho uthatha indawo kuphela xa kuthe ukungavisisani. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi koluntu wesizwe kufuneka nelungelo ukuhlalisa unxibelelwano noluntu ukusombulula iingxabano.

Imfundiso ngokweMarxist wemithetho imvelaphi

Ukuvela umthetho wobukhaya, umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye nenani namanye amashishini echaza ngokupheleleyo imfundiso Marxist. ze Its ngenkuthalo kuqhutywa eSoviet Union, njengoko umbhali, njengoko unokuthekelela, baba Marx, Engels, uLenin kunye nezinye bewenza Soviet.

Kakuhle eli ingcamango kukuba namalungiselelo omthetho ukuvakalisa iklasi kwesimilo kunye ukuthanda nabalawulayo. Kwaye apha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo imo yezentlalo kunye nobume kwezoqoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isikolo ezininzi eziluncedo, ezizezi:

1. Oku kwenza uhlahlelo olunzulu ngendima lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kweli kuluntu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwabo phezu kolawulo lomthetho.
2. Theory kubonisa ukuba ukuntsonkotha yezentlalo kufuna ulawulo zolawulo eziphambili kakhulu.
3. Uninzi ezikhumbuzo azinikele amalungelo vangama ukuthanda nabalawulayo, yaye, ke ngoko, indima yalo mgaqo kwenzeke ukuba umngeni.

Noko ke, apha kukwakho ethile ezithile: ukuphakanyiswa ngokugqithisileyo indima kwezoqoqosho ekukhanyeni ngokutsha kwemimiselo yezomthetho, lo underestimation iimpawu inkcubeko, inkolo kunye karhulumente, kunye nokungabikho accounting kobudlelwane amazwe kunye namazwe angaphandle.