Imfundiso zikaDarwin: eziqhuba zazivelela

Umongo ingqikelelo nasekusungulweni Darwin kuncitshiswa kumgca ubhalo, kuqinisekiswa yi-eksperimenti kunye nezinye izikhundla uphando. Ngenxa yoko, uYesu wabonisa ukuba zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilileyo luphawulwa ukwahluka ngamnye yemfuza na ngezizathu ophilileyo; banda sande; phakathi kweentlobo kukho umzabalazo sobukho xa imida amandla kwemithombo ebalulekileyo; emzabalazweni ukuze iphile, yaye siqhubeke lokuyivelisa abantu kuphela apha naphaya.

Ngoko ke, lo engundoqo zamandla okuqhuba ngendaleko - Umahluko yemfuza, kwemvelo kanye nomzabalazo yobukho. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngamnye kubo.

1. ukwahluka lelifa ukuphucuka zofuzo zofuzo, kwakunye ukuvela lwendibaniso ezahlukeneyo inzala imikhwa kwabazali Oko kukuthi, ukuba kuvela izakhi. Iintlobo uphawu ilifa wachaza ngokuphinda abantu fuzo kunye ulandelele phakathi kwabo, kudlala indima kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala.

Le Ukudaleka eziphilayo utshintsho yemfuza ibandakanya kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye neeyunithi ophilileyo, benza chromosome ezihamba yimpumelelo. Noko ke, Ukwandisa inani abathwali data zofuzo kukhokelela utshintsho iimpawu ilifa kumzimba elibe yemfuza, aba bantu zomelele.

Ukwahluka ke iintlobo ezintathu:

a) ethile - yayikukufumana inani elithile leeyunithi ngohlobo olulodwa izinto ezintsha;

b) Ukwahluka elingenammiselo - ukuvela ezahlukeneyo izinto ezincinane ukuba asikwazi bachaza, abameli uhlobo;

c) correlative - kuzalana efumaneke iimpawu ephilayo.

Ngenxa yoko, amandla uqhuba yendaleko, ezizezi ukwahluka yemfuza, kwenzeka ngenxa impefumlelwano ulwazi ilifa kunye neemeko ezithile yokusingqongileyo. Ngelo xesha fumene ziqhubeka kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

2. Umzabalazo sobukho - indlela ye ubudlelwane phakathi izinto kunye nezinto zendalo engaphiliyo, ngenxa yokuba isakhono ngabanye lokuyivelisa (ukwanda amanani abo) kunye ahlwempuzekileyo (intsimi, ukutya, njl njl). Bekela bucala ezilandelayo iindlela zayo:

a) ukulawula iimeko ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo, ezifana kwemfuneko okanye ukuswela ukukhanya, ukufuma, lobushushu utshintsho;

b) umzabalazo oluthile lwento ethile - kusisiphumo yokufana iimfuno abameli kule hlobo;

c) umzabalazo interspecific - luboniswa ubudlelwane phakathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ezifana amandla uqhuba yendaleko, le Ukwahluka kunye idabi sobukho, zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, ukususela yokuqala ikhuthaza kukhubazeko kweentlobo yimiqathango endalo engaphiliyo, nto leyo ekhokelela inkqubela begazi.

3. Ukhetho yendalo - indlela ukusinda kuchonga iiyunithi kunye neenguqu eziyimfuneko yemfuza phinda ngakumbi. Ukukhethwa kusisiphumo kumzabalazo yobukho. Yaba iindlela zayo zilandelayo:

a) ukubunjwa utshintsho genetic;

b) ukusinda kunye nabantu ezi utshintsho kwindawo efanelekileyo;

c) kwenziwe zezi yunithi, ukunyuka kwamanani abo kunye nokusasazwa utshintsho genetic luncedo.

Le mpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba yendaleko, zihlanganise-nye, ukuvumela ukuba achaze ukuyilwa nezinye iintlobo kwindalo. Izinto eziqokelelweyo emasebeni ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, abe Isigqibo esisengqiqweni kuphela ukuba ukuthobela kunye nomgaqo zazivelela.

Sinokholo enkulu Charles Darwin kukucacisa inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokusekwa kweentlobo. Le nto yenza ukuba imfundiso yokuzivelela kwethiyori zikaDarwin yamkelwe.