Ukuba enkulu umthetho yabucala isebenza? komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe Private

Le imeko yehlabathi lanamhlanje kufuneka iinkqubo zabo zomthetho, leyo efana kakhulu omnye komnye, nangona bathe baba ngobuninzi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ngexesha lokusekwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho wadala kolu shishino ekhoyo zomthetho ezinxulumene neentlobano ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha lokusekwa kwamashishini ezithile ziye isakhiwo zabo, iindlela ukuphunyezwa, yaye liphuhlise imigaqo zabo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Kuxhomekeka izifundo kunye kwisifundo mveliso yonke esemthethweni bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini, nganye yinxalenye yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yezomthetho. Elinye iqela yayiquka kwimimandla komthetho olawula zomthetho nezobudlelwane onxulumene inxaxheba ngqo ngurhulumente ebusweni igunya. Elinye iqela iquka namashishini ezichaphazela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ngaphandle koncedo lukarhulumente. Oko malunga iseti yokugqibela lamacandelo, obizwa ngokuba umthetho zabucala ziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ingcamango umthetho wangasese

Abaninzi bathi umthetho labucala kuphela candelo ubudlelwane esemthethweni civil ukuba sibi, ukuba nje ngokuba ilungelo ngamnye isakhiwo. Ngokutsho ingqiqo iphuhlisiwe ngalo mzuzu lwezenzululwazi, umthetho yabucala - ukuba yinxalenye nayiphi na inkqubo yezomthetho, ngenxa elawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ngoko ke, umthetho zabucala inkqubo norms ezithile (kwamashishini asekelwe), nto leyo ukukhusela umdla umntu othile apha ekuhambeni yentsebenziswano yayo kunye nabanye abantu. Thaca umba yomthetho zabucala kwenza kube lula ukuba ukhanyise phawu esisiseko - umdla likarhulumente ezingafakwanga kwezi ubudlelwane zomthetho.

umthetho Family, nto leyo luphawulwa ulwabiwo yomthetho yabucala

Ngokwembali, ayikho kuzo zonke mthetho yabucala karhulumente ibalasele njengento esecaleni. Oku kakhulu ngokucacileyo kungabonwa mzekelo amazwe Anglo-Saxon, kunye nentsapho somthetho Muslim. imfundiso sezopolitiko urhulumente uthi ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na inxalenye amalungelo enemvume ngurhulumente, okanye wadalwa nguwe. Ngoko ke, nkqu kwicandelo labucala kufuneka ukuya iimfuno zoluntu. Kodwa kwintsapho Romano-esiJamani yomthetho indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Apha sphere komthetho yabucala isebenza naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ezo yaqokelelwa yonke kwishishini, leyo lula kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyenziwayo amagqwetha.

History of Law Private - ukusuka eRoma yaMandulo ukuya namhlanje

Njengokuba besesitshilo, ukuya kwindawo yomthetho yabucala isebenza izinto ezifana izinto abantu, amaziko. Olu phawu kuye kwasekwa ngexesha eRoma yamandulo. Tit Livy ngemisebenzi yakhe wabonisa ukuba engundoqo umthombo umthetho waseRoma, zeMithetho iitafile 12, wendele imithetho zombini umthetho karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Ngoko ke, nkqu ngaloo mihla amagqwetha ekwabelwana yesebe umthetho ibe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili. basis Division wabeka Ulpianus. Ngokutsho kwakhe, yonke into ukuze kuxhamle karhulumente, lilungelo loluntu. Oku kulandela ukuba iimfuno zabantu zabucala kuyimfuneko ukubhekisela umthetho zabucala. nokulingana iingalo phakathi kwabo - kukho umgaqo obalulekileyo wonke umthetho wabucala oya imisebenzi kubaphandi baseRoma. Ukuqwalasela zonke iifitsha ngasentla, imihlaba komthetho zabucala kuyasebenza umdla kwabantu, lingana ngokupheleleyo enye kwenye amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yazo. umfutho Nokuba unamandla kuphuhliso eli lungelo iye yanikwa Renaissance, uze emva koko kwinkulungwane XX.

Iimpawu of Law Private

Kukho iithiyori ezininzi ngenzululwazi malunga izinto kakuhle ubeluphawu umthetho zabucala. Namhlanje siyakwazi ukubona inani le "Classic" kakhulu:

1. Umthetho Private - komlawuli lobudlelwane abantu zabucala.

2. Ukubonelela ukuqaliswa, izinto ikakhulu abucala: it, inkululeko yezoqoqosho, yokulingana amaqela.

3. Ubukho iintlobo yesivumelwano ekuqondeni amalungelo abo.

4. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo baphula, ezifana iinkundla.

5. eyayisiza imithetho efihlakeleyo.

6. ugcinwe ngokupheleleyo indlela ezisemthethweni ziphambili.

inkqubo yomthetho yabucala

Namhlanje sakhulula uthotho namasebe asemthethweni ezivela kumthetho zabucala. Inkqubo ulwabiwo omabini amacandelo oluntu nawabucala inkqubo yayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho imiqathango ethile for "Uvavanyo" (yenzala, izifundo kunye izinto). Ngoko ke, kukho namasebe zilandelayo yomthetho zabucala:

1. Family.

2. Civil.

3. lezaBasebenzi.

4. UMthetho International Private.

5. uMthetho Civil zeNkqubo.

6. Law Housing.

Ihlabathi ukuma, ngoko ke kwabelwa ushishino oluqhelekileyo olutsha yomthetho zabucala, esekelwe kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo yonxulumano loluntu.

Indlela kunye nemithetho

Njengoko isifundo yomthetho labucala, equka nobudlelwane kwezentlalo endalo eziphathekayo, kufuneka ukunika indlela ekhethekileyo ummiselo osemthethweni. Xa umthetho zabucala uyawongamela indlela dispositive. umongo wayo kukuba esi sifundo unelungelo ukulawula ngokuzimeleyo ukuziphatha kwazo neentlobano ezahlukeneyo zomthetho. Ovunywe kuphela imithetho ebekiwe (icandelo labucala), ezichaza umda yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo. umthetho yabucala ifomu element ezintathu. Kubume yokuba hypothesis, bubumenemene kunye nezohlwayo. Izifundo zomthetho yabucala bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini - abantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. amaqumrhu zomthetho inkululeko inkulu imimiselo yezomthetho kwaye ngumthetho yoluntu, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu indima kolu shishino kwishishini.

kwicandelo International umthetho labucala

umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe labucala isethi nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe osemthethweni imithetho, imimiselo, amaxabiso lwangaphakathi, kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye namasiko elawula ngqo imiba yoluntu. Le peculiarity kwale migaqo ukuba nzima into langaphandle. Law International Private (emva koku - MCHP) sikhoyo ukuphunyezwa kunye nophuhliso lwecandelo labucala kwihlabathi ngokuphuhlisa amagama aqhelekileyo zomthetho kunye neengcamango.

imithombo pil

imithombo International yomthetho zabucala esoloko eguqukayo eya kuthi yongezwe, kwakunye ukudala inkqubo-sikhokelo esemthethweni nemimiselo zamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe single.

1. Isiseko Ministry of Iimeko zikaxakeka ngokuyintloko imigaqo yomthetho ngamazwe.

2. Uninzi ngokwemigaqo yomthetho zabucala ezibandakanywe izivumelwano ezahlukeneyo ngamazwe, ezifana "iSivumelwano Inkangeleko Trade-Related of Intellectual yamaLungelo Property (TRIPS)."

3. iinkalo ezininzi kwicandelo labucala unelungelo lokubumba kumthetho domestic States ngamnye. Njengokuba Ngokubhekisele Russian Federation, izenzo zilandelayo: usapho, iKhowudi Civil kunye nemithetho yase.

4. Ulamlo kunye Ubumeli nako ukwenza igalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso MPP.

Subject ukwakheka MPP

Subjects SPE babe ngabantu abakwaziyo ukusebenzisa amalungelo noxanduva. Kukho iindidi ezintathu ezisisiseko ezikhoyo: ngabantu, amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye norhulumente.

1. Abantu ababandakanyekayo ubudlelwane zabucala zomthetho ngokusekelwe iindidi ezimbini: izinto ezisemthethweni. I into yokuqala sizalwa wonke kwasekuzalweni. Umongo nto kukuba wonke umntu unamalungelo neemfanelo ezenza kube nzima ukuba ndikukhanyele. Ukukwazi ukwenza - na ukukwazi ukujamelana imisebenzi yayo ukuze bafumane imisebenzi yomthetho. Kuyinto ezi zokugweba ezimbini, ziimpawu ngamnye njengomthathi-nxaxheba, isihloko lobudlelwane komthetho labucala kunye MPP.

2. abantu Legal ababandakanyekayo ubudlelwane zomthetho ngokusebenzisa MPP amandla udidi, nto leyo yahlulahlulwe jikelele kunye ezizodwa. Total ivumela ukuba baqonde amalungelo kunye noxanduva ngokulinganayo nabantu. Ngokumalunga zomthetho ekhethekileyo, ngoko ubukho namaqumrhu alo asemthethweni ukuze babe ngamalungu zomthetho nezobudlelwane, ezo kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngumthetho kwaye yoconjululwa kuphela ukuze aphumeze injongo ethile.

Kwicandelo labucala ilungelo naliphi na ilizwe amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu badlale kakhulu indima ebalulekileyo. Noko ke, MPP ezininzi "ubunzima" zesifundo imeko.

Urhulumente njengoko isifundo engundoqo IPL

umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe elawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe, leyo abadlali central. Ithi kwi IPL ukuze ungene nani likhulu kubudlelwane nabanye States, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ezomthetho kunye nabantu bendalo. Kukho kwakhona ngeendibano apho uRhulumente ongenela nolwalamano ngokusemthethweni kunye nabantu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le MPP theory athathiweyo ukwahlula phakathi kwamaqela amabini kobudlelwane zomthetho, apho urhulumente obandakanyekayo, ezizezi:

- Ulwalamano zomthetho phakathi States, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye States.

- ubuhlobo Legal phakathi karhulumente kwelinye icala, kunye nabantu angaphandle ngokusemthethweni kwelinye icala.

Kufuneka kwakhona ziqaqambisa imiba inxaxheba karhulumente SPE. Ngabo kufuneka kusoloko kukhunjulwa, kuba urhulumente ayikho efanayo kunye nawuphi na iqumrhu lomthetho zabucala.

1. Urhulumente isisifundo okhethekileyo. Asinto iqumrhu elisemthethweni, njengoko ngokwayo elawula ubume nemithetho yayo.

2. Xa izivumelwano apho elinye iqela - karhulumente, imigangatho yesizwe ziyasetyenziswa amalungelo yokugqibela.

3. Intengiselwano ne kurhulumente, nokuba isimo yayo zezopolitiko kusoloko kuyingozi, kuba unegunya.

4. I-State, njengesifundo, kwakunye namanye amaqumrhu kwaye akukho malungelo.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufuneka ukongeza into yokuba akukho mmiselo umbuso abakhoyo umthetho welizwe nje imithetho peremptory. Noko ke, safumanisa ukuba nqanaba lomthetho zabucala usetyenziswa kwinani zomthetho nezobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ekufuneka silawulwe. Ngoko ke, "izilungiso" ezingephi karhulumente zamkelekile kakhulu.