Imithombo komthetho wamaRoma.

I madala asekhoyo imithombo waseRoma komthetho - imithetho ekhutshwe yi ookumkani baseRoma. Enye imithetho ezibalulekileyo ngexesha kuthathwa ukuba Elilawulayo Tables elinambini. Olu izazinzulu xwebhu zembali zibhekisela phakathi BC ngenkulungwane V. e. Nangona komthetho wamaRoma waba ababezahlule ngokucacileyo ukususela nemfundiso yonqulo.

Kulo nyaka 367 BC. e. Tsivil Tseks wakhupha umthetho kuqala lazise yemeko efana Praetor. Praetor inyulwe qho ngonyaka, kwaye abaviwa isithuba eyayigcwele bamabutho lwemithetho. Umntu onyulwe kwisikhundla sokuba Praetor, ngaba, kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza imithombo emthethweni ngokokubona kwayo ukwamkela imithetho lixesha engangqinelaniyo neemfuno owayephila zoluntu.

Amazwi afana 'imithombo komthetho wamaRoma', ukuze lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ulwazi kunye nelungelo ixesha umthombo. Le mithombo zibandakanya maxwebhu komyalelo osemthethweni, umzekelo, odifikatsiya epapashwe * uKhesare Justinian, kwakunye imisebenzi amagqwetha, ingakumbi imisebenzi mbali bamaRoma: uTacitus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Livy. Kwakhona umdla omkhulu ngenxa nesayensi imithombo efana yomthetho wamaRoma njengoko izithethi isebenza, ababhali kunye zobulumko zamandulo.

Zingumthombo obalulekileyo nasekufundweni komthetho wamaRoma ukuba wasinda umbhalo ilitye, iinkuni kunye nobhedu ( "itheyibhile Herakleian"), ngomhla iindonga zezakhiwo (zemibhalo ezifumaneka ngexesha bemba sePompeii), njalo njalo. D. Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. bafumana imibhalo waqala ukuzivakalisa ekupapasheni «Corpus inscriptionum latinarum», ezidibeneyo dibanisa amaxwebhu zembali. Imithombo yomthetho baseRoma ukufunda ngenyameko, nangenxa komthetho wamaRoma zaseka sisiseko umthetho wobukhaya kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kulindelekile kuphela ukuba kuyiwe kwimithombo yakhe yaba yinto zokufunda ngenxa bewenza lo xesha.

Lo mthombo endala yomthetho eRoma ithathwa iseti amasiko zomthetho kunye nezithethe. Imfundiso yanamhlanje yomthetho, igama elithi 'umsebenzi wobugqwetha' ukuqonda imigaqo yokuziphatha, leyo kwasekwa ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide kwaye ezaziwayo ngurhulumente kunye noluntu ulawulo inyanzelekile kubo bonke.

Ezi mpawu zingentla nayo uphawu ngokwesiko lomthetho eRoma yamandulo. Famous Roman Yurist Yulian wathetha ngokuphandle iingxaki isicelo wesiko jikelele nemvume siyavumelana kwisicelo yayo.

Ngokwemimiselo yomthetho wamaRoma zibandakanya kumasiko ookhokho babo; ngokwesiqhelo; amasiko nababingeleli; izenzo ukuba baye kulo mkhuba zoomantyi. Umthetho wesintu, obe eRoma kwixesha yasebukhosini, zibhekisela kwixesha «consuetude».

E Rome, lo mthetho oqhelekileyo ixesha elide ixesha ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokuqukunjelwa nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Amasiko zomthetho kunye nezithethe ezaziwayo ngurhulumente kunye noluntu belingana kunye nemithetho.

Ukongeza umthetho wesiNtu kwixesha lamandulo kwimithetho enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo womthetho eluntwini yamaRoma. Ekuqaleni, imithetho baye izinto ezahlukeneyo zomthetho, baye eyamkele ngokwemveli iintlanganiso zoluntu yaye yavunywa yi-Yeengwevu.

Xa elinye ithuba-co-ukubakho amasiko zomthetho kunye nemithetho eluntwini, lo mbuzo kuvela ngendlela yokunxulumanisa nganye kwezi imithombo komthetho wamaRoma?

Abemi baseRoma yamandulo kuba akukho mathandabuzo ukuba nawuphi na umthetho ayikwazanga alinakurhoxiswa ngokwesiko lomthetho. Amagqwetha yexesha ayekholelwa ukuba isicelo ixesha elide wobugqwetha unakho, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukubhangisa umthetho.

Imithombo zomthetho yabucala yamaRoma ziphicothwa mbali mihla, yaye uphando lwabo uthathe ixesha isikali elide lisebe eyahlukileyo kwezenzululwazi.