Uhlalutyo Artistic: "Boris Godunov" yi Pushkina A. S. History, abalinganiswa abaphambili, isishwankathelo

Ukwenza ingqondo imveliso inceda olwalo uhlalutyo ngokucokisekileyo zoncwadi. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin, njengoko yaziwa, wayesoloko unomdla imixholo historical) - umdlalo ukuba uye waba isiganeko ebonakalayo nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kwidrama yehlabathi. Le ntlekele yaba yinguquko umsebenzi imbongi kaThixo, ukumakisha inguqu yawo ukusuka romanticism ukuya ngokoqobo. Kuba umbhali, yaba amava elungileyo kakhulu ekusebenzeni izinto zembali. Impumelelo imisebenzi ezichongiweyo ngakumbi ukusebenza yakudala kweli cala.

imisebenzi yokubhala

Kufuneka nithi kuqala amazwi ambalwa malunga nendlela umsebenzi kwakuqhubeka kwi umdlalo, yaye yintoni na ke imbali indalo "Boris Godunov." заинтересовала писателя потому, что он был очень сложной и противоречивой личностью. Biography umzalwana-Tsar Fodora I Ioannovicha abanomdla umbhali kuba ubuntu entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ziphikisana. Ukongeza, ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe waba kwixesha elibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali weRashiya, ekuphawuleni ekuqaleni Ixesha Iingxaki.

Kungenxa yoko le nto imbongi ubuyeleyo kwiminyaka wobukumkani bakhe, ngokusekelwe iintsomi ngaye, kwakunye 'History of the State Russian "edumileyo mbali odumileyo N. M. Karamzina. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1820s, umbhali waba nomdla imisebenzi William Shakespeare, ngoko bagqiba ukwenza eyakho intlekele yabo ezinkulu-isikali, ibali oza kuphuhliswa kwisiqalo zeziganeko kanye elidlulileyo. Ivela koku kwaye kufuneka angaphumelela, uthetha into ibali indalo "Boris Godunov". Eli nani ngembali imbongi abanomdla isibakala sokuba Boris waba nani enamandla-lokuphila akuyo na imvelaphi yazo akakwazanga ukufumana etroneni, kodwa ngenxa ingqondo zabo italente kuzuza ezinqwenelekayo; waza wavakalisa ngukumkani, waza ke walawula iminyaka esixhenxe.

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Inkcazelo emfutshane imisebenzi kwinqanaba lokuqala kufuneka uqale uhlalutyo yayo. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin wayenomdla Shakespeare, ngoko ke, kwakunye ekuchubekeni IsiNgesi, yaqala ngenkulu i-isikali imizobo bezobugcisa indawo yokuqala of action) - umdlalo apho, ngokoluvo ngoku nabagxeki, umlinganiswa ophambili yi abantu abaqhelekileyo Russian. Ngoko ke, lo mzekeliso okuvula ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba umfundi ndawo ezininzi kummandla yesicelo, apho, enyanisweni, emva kokufa unyana yokugqibela Ivan Groznogo Fedora wagqiba bayahlelwa ubukumkani.

Abameli Zemsky Sobor wayalela isihlwele ukuba sicele Boris Godunov ukuba uthathe isihloko yasebukhosini. Last ixesha elide wala, nale divayisi iyelenqe iyafana kakhulu malunga ndawo enye evela "» uRichard III kaShakespeare. Ekugqibeleni, Noko ke, yena uyavuma yaye uthembisa ukuba kulawula ngokusesikweni nangobulumko. iqhawe ekunene ukuya kwetrone wachaza into yokuba udade wakhe umfazi Tsar Fyodor wafa, wafa engenabantwana. Kunjalo kanye ukumkanikazi Irina wabanika igunya waya weemonki.

Eyayisenzeka weemonki

iimpawu ethile seal Pimen kuyimfuneko ukubandakanya ekuhlalutyeni boncwadi. "Boris Godunov" (umfanekiso Pushkin kaThixo ebesoloko itsale umkhumbuzi Russian, leyo wabathimba kumdlalo wakhe) - umsebenzi yahlukile yemihla zembali indawo enkulu coverage Shakespeare kunye nexesha amanyathelo. Imeko elandelayo ithatha indawo kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe ngasentla. Imbongi ichaza imigudu esinoxolo seal Pimen, osebenza kwi irekhodi yakhe. omnye kwakhe - umzekelo oluphawulekayo intetho yamandulo, elirhweba nentsingiselo enzulu-bulumko. Oku izandi wacinga malunga bayahlelwa Russia, kunye nendawo yomntu kwimbali. Indela uthi inzala kufuneka bazi ukuba isiphelo yelizwe lawo. ngemigudu yakhe ende mood othobekileyo asifani yokuziphatha Grigoriya Otrepeva, oye wagqiba ukuthatha itrone, ithiywe emva kokuba ebulewe Tsarevich Dmitriya Uglichskogo, i-Ivan kwencinane esibi.

imbali Otrepiev

Iimpawu yale umdlali kufuneka iquke uhlalutyo yokuluka. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin wayesoloko itsale ubuntu entsha, yaye lo mlinganiswa ubungcwele kanye olu hlobo hero) - idrama, olusekelwe phezu ibali onamandla, nto leyo equka ngamayelenqe lwezopolitiko kunye neengxaki bulumko. Ngoko ke, uGregory babaleka woonongendi kwaye wazama ukuwela umda Lithuanian.

Noko ke, balalisa waba zokhuseleko phantse yokubambisa. Gregory tlhela Intshutshiso zabo wakwazi ukubaleka Krakow. Apha waqala ukuqokelela amandla ngematshi kwi eMoscow yaye kwangaxeshanye khathalela intombi oomantyi basekuhlaleni Marina Mniszek.

Umfanekiso umlinganiswa ophambili

Kule ntlekele "Boris Godunov", isishwankathelo ekufuneka ukucengceleza eqongeni eziphambili weqonga, banikwa lo mfanekiso zengqondo wokumkani. Ekuqaleni, umbhali ubonisa ukuba entsatsheni, kwincoko kunye nentombi kunye nonyana wakhe. Kwezi zicatshulwa, umfundi ubona njengokuba utata obathandayo okhathalele kulonwabo ziindlalifa zabo.

Ezingxoxweni bakhe kunye nonyana wakhe, kuba kucacile ukuba Boris - umlawuli olumkileyo, ngubani inxaxheba kwimicimbi karhulumente kwaye ijolise ukufundisa okufanayo ezihlangwini zakhe. Noko ke, kulandele imeko apho ubonakala umfundi ngendlela eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukumkani ezigxeka ngenxa ngokubulala Tsarevich nguDmitry (loo nto ayiqinisekiswanga indalo zembali, Noko ke, umbhali uye asebenzise kwetyala zaBantu), kunye noloyiko ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho iya kuboniswa Isiphelo sakhe. Yena uyasokola ukuba abe ngumlawuli nobulungisa, usisilumko, kodwa iingcamango ukufa kwenkwenkwe angayiphi ukuphumla. Ngoko ke, umbhali wanikela umfanekiso psychological eneenkcukacha yokumkani, ukuyivula enamacala amabini ndiwenzela ukubandezeleka komphefumlo wakhe ngasese.

iimpawu Otrepiev

libaluleke kakhulu apha kwizifundo zezembali kulo ubuchule A. wakhe S. Pushkin. Drama "Boris Godunov" ubalisa ibali elinye iziganeko ezimangalisayo ngaphambili ka-Russia - ekuqalekeni Ixesha Iingxaki, leyo phantse kwakhokelela ukuwa ukuzimela karhulumente.

Umbhali lihlawula ingqalelo kakhulu nomfanekiselo Otrepiev, leyo ungumkhohlisi kwaye wathabatha etroneni. Xa Ngenxa umbhali yaba ngumntu entsha: elingagungqiyo nje, zobuqili namabhongo kakhulu. Kule imeko kwi yentselo umda wabonisa né, kabukhali kunye exposure, ukuba akwazi ukufumana kude nokusukela. Imveliso "Boris Godunov", abalinganiswa lwazo umlinganiswa owomeleleyo obungaqhelekanga utsala abafundi nje kuphela ibali umdla kunye neguquguqukayo, kodwa abalinganiswa ezimiselwe ngocoselelo ezibonakala ukuba uphumile ukusuka amaphepha yomsebenzi adumileyo Karamzin. Lo mkhohlisi ibe ngomnye ibalulekileyo amanani engundoqo yomsebenzi, nangona lo mdlalo yaye akazange abonise ephikisana ngqo kunye nokumkani.

I umfanekiso indela

Ngenxa yokuba izinto zembali owakhe umsebenzi wakhe Pushkin. "Boris Godunov" (umkhumbuzi Pimen kwidrama ingqalelo kuye gu omnye abadlali esimnandi kakhulu) - kuba yintlekele, nto leyo ebonisa igalari ye eni of the 16 kade - ngenkulungwane ye-17. A indela woonongendi, apho ahlala ixesha elithile Grigoriy Otrepev, thaca kulo mdlalo njengoko lwalo ubulumko, uxolo nenzolo. Yena ixakeke ukubhala umlando iziganeko bamaxesha elidlulileyo, yaye amehlo akhe, umfundi ubona elidlulileyo, njengokuba naye ubungqina iziganeko ezinkulu. Ukusuka omnye wakhe sifunda ngaye egubha, niyoyike umsebenzi wakhe: Pimen uyakuqonda ukubaluleka nokudalwa yemihla kwimbali yelizwe. ukuchana yeMbali ezele umdlalo "Boris Godunov." Le ngxelo ichaza i imeko e Ummangaliso Monastery, ingakumbi amisiweyo, ekubeni thina yimonki ephefumlayo uxolo nokuzola, kunye nenzolo uthelekisa ne mood ekucamngceni Grigoriya Otrepeva.

Abantu kule drama

Ngokutsho uluvo ngoku nabagxeki, umbhali waphum 'egusheni abantu abaqhelekileyo, abasoloko ezisegumbini izigaba ezibalulekileyo umsebenzi. Ekuqaleni, xa unyulo abahlali ukumkani njengesiqhelo kwengqukuva bezihlanganisene kwiziko Square of the yesicelo ukuze ucele ukuba athathe isihlalo sobukhosi.

Kule imeko kwi yentselo umda kwakhona thaca ubuso abakumgangatho ophantsi zoluntu: wayengumnikazi yabahambi, amajoni eqhelekileyo. Yiloo nto yahlukile yemihla zembali play kaShakespeare "Boris Godunov." Le ngxelo yokugqibela yaye ingakumbi liciko entsingiselo: izihlwele kuloo isigqibo, ukuvakaliswa kaKumkani bhedengu efunyenweyo cwaka. Ngale ndlela umbhali wabonisa ukuba lo mzuzu iya ngqo phezulu, phakathi izinduna, owazeka icala Otrepiev. Le ndawo ke, enyanisweni, luvuthondaba, nangona kokurholwa imbongi ekugqibeleni.

Ngoko ke abantu kule ntlekele "Boris Godunov" umlinganiswa ophambili. Le drama phawu kuboniswa kule opera bodumo umqambi Russian uModest Mussorgsky, apho iikwayara ukudlala ngokugqithisileyo.

Isifo yemfazwe

Umdlalo "Boris Godunov", isishwankathelo sazo isifundo yolu phononongo, ubunjwe ngeziganeko ezininzi, nto leyo Simanywe ingcamango efanayo - longquzulwano yoluntu kunye namandla. Imeko elandelayo iqala ngenkcazelo impi mkhohlisi. U rhurhele eMoscow ngethemba ekuthatheni amandla. Nangona kunjalo, ikomkhulu phakathi Boris esifa ngokungalindelekanga, kodwa uyakwazi ukuba basikelelwe ukufa Theodore unyana wakhe omdala, ukuba ngukumkani kwakhe. Phakathi izinduna kaloku kuvuthwa isicwangciso ukuphakamisa imvukelo nxamnye oonyana umlawuli ungasekhoyo, kwaye omnye wabo wavakalisa ukumkani pretender. Umdlalo iphela kunye cwaka abantu.