Concept kunye neentlobo ukhululo uxanduva lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation

elithi "uxanduva mthetho" lisetyenziswa kwi-Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo kunye Code Criminal. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kumaxesha kulo mkhuba bokuphanda kunye nezigwebo, theory kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Eli nqaku lijongana ingqiqo kunye neentlobo ukungahlawuli nobutyala. Kukho iindlela ezininzi kwinkcaza yayo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nobutyala?

Theory of komthetho mthetho, eli ziko ngazo iinkalo ezimbini: HIV kunye eyahlukileyo - negative. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo ichazwa njengendlela yokusabela elibi oluntu kwihambo mthethweni owakhiwa ukusetyenziswa kwezohlwayo ezithile nxamnye wobubi yomntu othile. Umba esihle akubandakanyi ukuhlukunyezwa iimfuno lusekiwe.

ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka bendiqonda ethile uhlobo sezomthetho, emiselwe ngumthetho-mthetho othile, yaye phambili ukuya abenzi kubo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lokohlwaywa xa engekeva ahambelanayo.

Ingcamango ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho kunye nohlobo

Ngokusekelwe kwi-siseko ezichazwe ngokuhambelana neenjongo zabo, kulandela ukuba impendulo karhulumente ekugxojweni nezithintelo esekwe ngabo, ukuba babe kunqandwa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye bhetyebhetye. Kulo mzekelo, liyakwazi ukuphepha ingcinezelo mthetho ngokugqithisileyo okanye isithintelo ngokungafanelekanga amalungelo kunye neemfuno ezisemthethweni. Ngokuphathelele oko kudla kakhulu- kwaye ezichanekileyo (enobuntu fair) Isisombululo iintlobo ngaphantsi kakhulu wokuphunyezwa lo yabo. Kulo mzekelo, singakwazi ukuthetha ingqikelelo ukungahlawuli nobutyala. Okukodwa lwayo usendleleni yokuba uphando lwasekhaya, umtshutshisi okanye ijaji ngokunxulumene umntu waphule umthetho phantsi kweemeko ezithile komthetho yolwaphulo ukuqiniseka akayi kuwiswa, umntu ofumana ubume "yokungabi ingxelo-mthetho." Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba umsulwa okanye ukungabikho kule kwimeko ulwaphulo-mthetho. Yena wakhululwa hayi, kuquka uxanduva umthetho wobukhaya, isibophelelo ukuthwala iindleko zomthetho, isohlwayo lolawulo okanye yoluleko kusenokwenzeka, ukwakoku kugwetywa uluntu kunye nesohlwayo. Urhulumente kulo mzekelo evela lwaphulo loo mntu unetyala akuthethi ukwala, kodwa usebenza kuphela kuye amanyathelo ephumelela kakhulu kwaye ethambileyo.

Iintlobo zokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho

Iindidi adweliswe ngezantsi ichazwe njenge into eyahlukileyo: xo kunye ixhoba, inguquko, ephelisa ummiselo ukulinganiselwa. Kukho izizathu ezithile zilawulwa kumanqaku kwinani lamanqaku yeKhowudi Criminal. Ingcamango kunye neentlobo zokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho idityanisiwe uxolelo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo zonyanzelo umntu Ihambe ulwaphulo-mthetho phambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka eli-18, ngohlobo yempembelelo lemfundo.

nguquko esebenzayo

Zonke iintlobo ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho xa kusenziwa isicelo ngokulandelelana amanqaku kweKhowudi Criminal, kuyaqondakala kulo mzekelo Art. 75. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntu uye wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho okokuqala ubucaka elincinane okanye eliphakathi, kuxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho sinokufakwa zikhululwe ukuba bekukho: isikolo (voluntary ngokunyanzelekileyo) unetyala, ukuncedisa kuphando, imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo okanye ngenye ngokwenza izilungiso kwixhoba. Ukusetyenziswa lo mqathango nangokuxabana iimeko ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, lo mthetho kufuneka ukuba benze okokuqala ngumntu, okanye xa kukho enetyala, kodwa itsalwa okanye ihlawulwe, okanye xa umntu sele nguwonke kubutyala mthetho. Okwesibini, encinane okanye umlinganiselo nondiliseko senzo. Okwesithathu, isicelo sokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho kunye nguquko esebenzayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikomishini yezenzo ezithile, ikhonkrithi ezibonisa ukuba umntu lowo xolisa iqinisekisa ukususwa ingozi yezentlalo imo senzo. Oku, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, bazinikele ngokuzithandela, uncedo ngokuzithandela kwabasemagunyeni kunye neendlela iinkundla ukuseka iimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho (abona bagqibileyo) njalo njalo. D. Ke imfuneko yokusetyenziswa lwenguquko esebenzayo kuba phambi kwazo zonke iimeko ngokungqinelana inxalenye yokuqala inqaku eyi-75 Code Criminal.

On ezi zizathu zokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho ngayo sesokugqibela, vuhlayiseki kunye ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko oko awunakungenziwa.

Reconciliation ne njengommangali

exemption kunokwenzeka kubutyala lolwaphulo-mthetho umntu ikhomishini mthetho olungephi okanye phakathi ukuba ziyangqinelana na ixhoba ukuba wokulungisa umonakalo kuye. Isiseko kulo mzekelo luluhlu zonke iimeko. I ezimbini zokuqala kulo mzekelo ezifana kwimeko yangaphambili. A imeko ethile i yoxolelwaniso lokwenene imbuyekezo yomonakalo (yokuziphatha kunye / okanye izinto). Eli phulo kulo mzekelo nga kufika nje kuphela ummangalelwa, kodwa ixhoba okanye abanye abantu, kuquka imizimba zophando kunye egwebayo. Noko ke, ukuba wenze oko sithe, ukuba ayifuneki. Ngokutsho ingqalelo ukukhululwa isiseko umntu uxanduva mthetho - oku isibophelelo, kodwa ilungelo abasemagunyeni yophando okanye eyenkundla. Kule uqhagamshelo kukho enye efunekayo. arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka baqaphele ngokwesiseko kwimeko lefayile ukufaneleka isenzo.

ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa

Ukukhululwa phantsi imilinganiselo mthetho Code of butyala oku kungenza, kwiimeko apho umhla ikhomishini isenzo mthetho lwenzeke khona;

• 2 (womxhuzulane ezincinane izenzo);
• iminyaka 6 (umlinganiselo ubunzima);
• iminyaka eli-10 (kakhulu);
• kweminyaka eli-15 (bumandundu khona).

Ngokutsho imithetho jikelele enxulumene nendlela ekubalwa ngayo amagama, ubude ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe iiyure 00:00 ngosuku olulandelayo umhla ekwathi kuyo obenziwe isenzo mthetho, yaye de iiyure 00:00 ubomi ngomhla wokugqibela. Noko ke, simele sikhumbule ukuba bokuqonda ezimbalwa. Phakathi ixesha nciphiso kuya kuxhomekeka yamakhadi, xa umntu enze isenzo solwaphulo ubusithelisayo ezithathwe kumaqumrhu yophando okanye okusesikweni, yaye waqhubeka ukususela kumhla ukubanjwa okanye eyeka ngokuzithandela.

release base

iimeko yokukhululwa uxanduva mthetho elolu hlobo kwakheka iseti iimeko ezisesikweni zomthetho wazibala emthethweni, kwaye zisekelwe phezu eyiyo (material) basis. Yithi kabanzi ngamnye. Kuba iimeko zomthetho ziquka:

• osikiweyo ebekwe yi-mthetho, kwaye kuxhomekeke kudidi olwaphulo-mthetho;
• iimeko esithintelayo maxesha umda zilahlekile (umntu isenzo ulwaphulo abawaphephi eli tyala, kodwa ayizange batshutshiswe).

Phantsi izinto base okanye ngokukhukhumala mthetho kuqondwe ezivakaliswe iimeko ezidweliswe ngasentla. Ubuxoki kwi ukuba umntu enze isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho, ukuba kuziswe ubulungisa ixesha ekhokelela olunye ndlela umthetho sobomi, ingozi eluntwini ngaphezu kwexesha, ulahlekelwa inxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mba, imfuneko okunyanzelisa kwezohlwayo phezu iyalahleka.

Kwityala kungangqinelana isicelo sokuxolelwa nobutyala (Code Criminal) iya kuba ngokupheleleyo, ayibuyiseki umva kwaye eqinisekile, oko alinakurhoxiswa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.

imibuzo yesicelo

Elinye lamanqaku ibalulekileyo - lulwazi ngubani ekufuneka ukujongana nalo mba. Eli nyathelo ithathwa kwi kwisiseko kuzo zonke iimeko - luxanduva ngqo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Kuzo zonke imithetho kukho ukuxolelwa. Ukukhululwa ebutyaleni mthetho (Criminal Code, kwi isahlulo sesine inqaku 78th) kwabo wafunyanwa enetyala amatyala wohlwaywe ngokuvalelwa ubomi okanye ukufa, ayisosinyanzelo, akunamsebenzi nokuba lingakanani ixesha sele kudlule ukususela kumhla umsebenzi wabo. Umbuzo yesicelo ngokuphathelele bantu, ezingummiselo iintsilelo kube enkundleni. Sithabathela ingqalelo ukuba ungubani wobubi, ubungqongqo betyala, ixesha eye sekudlule ukususela lokwenzeka kwetyala, kunye nezinye iimeko.

Nawuphi na umthetho yasekhaya ngokusebenzisana kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngenxa yoko, Inqaku 78 le-Code yoLwaphulo ngokuphathelele iseti wesihlanu omnye ngaphandle ngokommiselo iintsilelo: ngokumalunga abantu benze ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi nxamnye noluntu (uxolo kunye nokhuseleko), kodwa ayisebenzi.

emakhaya

Inkcazo kunye nemibuzo isicelo yayo kubantu ababanjelwe amatyala ezinikezelwa yi kwinqaku 84 le-Code Criminal. Xa intsingiselo yalo ezingakhutshelwanga ezikolu nenguqulo ingcamango yesiGrike "kuxolelwa" kuthetha ukulibala okanye, ngamanye amazwi, ukuxolela, leyo ayinikele ngamandla. Concept kunye neentlobo ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho kuquka isenzo kwamandla karhulumente (lowiso-mthetho). Lushicilelwa ngokunxulumene kubantu elingachazwanga abo benze isenzo mthetho. Ngokutsho isenzo loxolelo, ukuba bangaxolelwa ekufundeni isohlwayo (okanye Unxiba off, indawo ngomnye, nabo abemi ukuba wemka, isuswe enetyala) okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Olu xwebhu itsho State Duma ye-Russian Federation. Kuxolelwa ngemvelo walo lweziko entsokothileyo komthetho.

xolela

Kuye ezithile ezahlukene ukusuka uxolelo. Okokuqala, uxolo isicelo kuphela ngumntu othile. Okwesibini, ukuba unawo amandla kuphela uMongameli Russian Federation. Xolela akanalo uphawu olumisiweyo, kuba sisenzo zokuqinisa. Usebenza kuphela kubantu abathile ngqo kwisaziso.

Iingxaki ukungahlawuli nobutyala ngenxa isenzo Xolela kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwindalo, kuquka umthetho kulwaphulo-mthetho,-siseko kunye nomthetho, inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemiba olawulo.

exemption ngokungemthetho nobutyala

Kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, enye yeengxaki eziphambili - yinto disclosure olupheleleyo ngokukhawuleza zolwaphulo-mthetho ukuze ukuveza abenzi kwaye izicelo zazo malunga isohlwayo nje. Kule uqhagamshelo ukubaluleka exemption mthethweni kubutyala mthetho. Of uMgaqo Criminal kwiSiqendu 21 zophando kunye namaqumrhu nomtshutshisi limisela izibophelelo ezithile. Baya kulala ekuphunyezweni yokutshutshisa xa sibona iimpawu-mthetho. Indlela ukuyikhulula kukuba ukwenza isigqibo sokuba alichithe elo tyala phantsi Code Criminal okanye ukwala ukuba baqalise.

Ngenxa yoko, uxolelo mthethweni kuxanduva mthetho kusongela kwaye ithoba nemigaqo esisiseko ye ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho, xa uphikisana kunye postulate ye akunakuphepheka isohlwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ziyadibana ephule ukusebenza eqhelekileyo inkqubo yenkundla.

Emva kokuhlolisisa le mibuzo lusetyenziswayo "Concept kunye neentlobo ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho", sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba liziko ebalulekileyo yalo mthetho shishino. Oku kufuna ukufunda ngenyameko nokuphuculwa ngokuhambelana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.