UHetman Daniel (Danilo) Umpostile

UDanilo umPostile - umzekelo wezopolitiko oqaqambileyo, ummeli wentsapho eyaziwayo yaseCossack, wazalwa ePoltava kwidolophana yaseVelikie Sorochintsy. Ngomnyaka we-1683 wayidla ilifa likayise, u-Cossack uPavel Okhrimovich oyedwa, isikhundla esiphezulu se-Mirgorod colonel, apho akazange akhonze omnye umntu phambi kwakhe, afinyelele kwiqela le-hetman.

Ingcali kwimicimbi yezempi

U-Hetman Danilo umPostile, olwazi lwakhe oluququzelele kakhulu kwimpumelelo yakhe yokulwa, wayeyi-diplomate enobulumko kunye neengcali kwimicimbi yempi. Ngomnyaka we-1689, njengenxalenye yamaqela angama-40,000 anamandla aseCossack, wathatha inxaxheba kulo phulo lokulwa noPerekop malunga neCrimean Tatars, ngowe-1693 no-1696 wachasa iCrimean Khanate. Ngomnyaka we-1697, eyaziwayo kwimfazwe yaseRussia ngokumelene namaTurkey, ukususela ngo-1700 ukuya ku-1706 walwa namaSweden, eqhutywe kunye nomkhosi wakhe we-Cossack ininzi yeziganeko eziyimpumelelo: ukunqotshwa komkhosi ka-General Shlippenbach kunye nokukhululwa kwe-Warsaw kwiintshaba.

I-Ukraine ikhululekile kwaye ikhululekile

UDanilo umPostile, ngokuba ngumntu omkhulu wase-Ukraine kunye nomntu onjengaye u- Ivan Mazepa, owamxhasa ngokusisiseko umgaqo-nkqubo wokugqibela, ohamba ngokukhululekile ngo-1708 kunye negosa lakhe laseMirgorod ecaleni lakhe. Enyanisweni, ngexesha elifutshane ... Lo mpostile wayephupha ngokukhulula iUkraine esuka ekuxhomekeke kuMoscow nokudala ubudlelwane kunye neSweden. Ngale ngcamango waphendukela ku-Ivan Mazepa, kodwa, eqinisekisile ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphunyezwa kwesi sicwangciso, wasuka kuye, waqala ukusebenzisana ngokusesikweni kunye namagunya aseMoscow aze asebenze ngeenxa zonke. Ngo-1711, uDanilo wathatha inxaxheba kumkhankaso wePrut kaPetros I njengesiqhelo se-Ukrainian, kwaye ngowama-1722, ngentloko yeenqanawa ze-Cossack zamadoda ayi-10,000 emkhosini waseRussia, yahlasela iPersia.

Kamva, uDanilo umpostile wawa ngeengcamango zakhe kunye noPavel Polubotok - umphathi, kunye naye wazama ukuphelisa amalungelo aseburhulumenteni aseUkraine awamiselwa yi-Malorossiysk collegium. Waqhubeka echasene nomgaqo-nkqubo waseRashiya e-Ukraine nangemva kokubanjwa kwala maqabane.

UDanilo umpostile: i-biography. Ukhetho lukaHetman

Ngowe-1727, kwiGosa Elikhulu, umpostile wakhethwa i-hetman. Nangona uneminyaka engama-70 ubudala, u-hetman owayesandula ukhethwa ngenzondelelo wathatha umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kokomoya kunye nezopolitiko kwimoya eyayibusa ezweni emva kwemisebenzi yeColgium encinane yaseRashiya. Yaye nangona umeluleki waseMoscow uNavov wayekho e-Ukraine, kwaye unyana kaDanilo Apostol wayeseRussia njengokhuseleko lokungcatshiswa kukaMoscow nguyise, uDanilo Apostol (umfanekiso onokubona kweli nqaku) ngo-1728 ngokuthe tye watyelela eSt. Petersburg. Ukutshintsha komlawuli (ukufa kukaPetros I, ukungena kwitrone kaPetros II) akuzange kumnqande uDanilo Apostol kwizicwangciso zakhe zokuthanda izwe, kwaye ngosuku lukaPetros II ekungeneni kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi, wafaka isicelo sokubuyisela inkululeko kunye nemalungelo e-Ukraine phantsi kwemiqathango yomnqophiso ka-1654 ogqitywe phakathi kookumkani Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Isiphumo salolu tyelelo sasisemvume yenkosi:

• Kukhetho oluzimeleyo lwe-hetman;
• Ukutshintshwa kwe-Hetman phantsi kwegunya leNkundla yeSigungu phantsi kolawulo loMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphandle;
• Ukunciphisa inani lamaRashiya kwimimandla yase-Ukraine;
• Ukubhalwa kweerhafu, kubalwa yi-Malorossiysk collegium.

Kwakhona, i-tsar yaqeda ukunyanzeliswa kwiintsebenziswano zorhwebo kuphela ne-Russia kunye nokuthunyelwa kweemveliso kuphela kwiichweba zaseRashiya.

Iingongoma ezicacileyo ze-Ukraine

Ngaloo ndlela, ukubuya okukodwa yi-tsar yase-Ukraine inkululeko yakhe kunye namalungelo kwakukho uhlobo lokubuyisela i-tactical rereat and kind of response to a change in the politics. Ngexesha elifanayo, njengempendulo yombusi kuhambo olunesibindi ngoDanilo umPostile, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Resolute points, zathi, ngokuba ngumhlobo wesigqeba soMthetho we-Hetmanate, wacacisa ngokukhululekile ukuzimela kwezombusazwe kunye ne-hetman amandla eBloft Bank yase-Ukraine. Ngokutsho kwabo, i-hetman yayingenalo ilungelo lokuqhuba iingxoxo zezopolitiko kunye nokuvunyelwa kwee-general-sergeant-major and colonels. Oku kwakukho ubuchule beRussia Tsar yodwa. Ukulawula imali ye-hetman, izithuba zabagcini babanini babesetyenzisiwe, esinye sazo sasimmeli weRashiya, okwesibini yayingu-Ukrainian. Imirhumo yeempahla ezingeniswe e-Ukraine kwakufuneka idluliselwe kwi-treasury. Okokuthi, isicwangciso esicwangcisayo se-Ukraine saqhubeka.

Izindlela zeHetman zokuphucula ubomi e-Ukraine

Ukuqonda ukuphelelwa lithemba kwanoma yiyiphi inzame zokubuyisela iimbopheleleko ze-Hetmanate, uDanilo Apostol (umfanekiso wakhe uboniswe ngezantsi) wagxininisa umsebenzi wakhe ekuguquleni imeko yezoqoqosho nezentlalo e-Ukraine.

Kwimeko yokulungiswa komthetho, i- hetman igxininise ukubaluleka kokulondoloza "amatyala endala" aqinisekisa ukucaca kwisigqibo ngabagwebi abakhethwe ngabantu. Ngaloo nyaka, ngo-1731, ikhankanywe kwiNkundla yeeNkundla, eyanikezela inani labagwebi beJaji kwiNkundla-Jikelele (abantu aba-6: abathathu baseUkraine kunye namaRashiya), kwaye umongameli wenkundla wayengu-hetman ngokwakhe.

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi kaDanilo umPostile, isikhundla se-hetman sichaza ngokucacileyo ukubonakala kwangaphambili, kunye nokufumana ubomi obukhulu. Umlawuli owaziwayo, i-hetman yayingumphathi-shishini olungileyo-umququzeleli, umashishini, umrhwebi kunye nomrhwebi owaziyo ukubala imali.

Indima ye-hetman ekuhlaziyweni koqoqosho

Njengomphathi oqapheleyo, u-hetman uDanilo Apostol wanikela ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ekubuyiselweni koqoqosho lwaseUkraine, kodwa impumelelo yakhe kule ndawo yayithobekile. I shishini elinamashishini amakhulu kunye neenkcukacha zenziwa ngamaqela amaninzi ezandleni zaseburusiya. UDanila Apostol wavikela iimfuno zezohwebo zaseUkraine, egxininisa ekupheliseni inkqubo ekhethekileyo eyenziwe nguPetros I. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1728, waqokelela abathunywa bebutho labarhwebi eGlukhov waza wacela urhulumente waseRussia ukuba aphakamise ukuvinjelwa kwempahla ye-Ukraine - okusanhlamvu, intambo, i-wax, isikhumba nezinye izinto.

Ukususela ngexesha le-1729-1731 ngokubanzi kunye nokubeka imali kwi-fund yomhlaba, u-Danila Apostol waqalisa uphando ngokubanzi, uphicotho olusisiseko lwendawo luye lwaqhutywa kwaye ininzi yeendawo ezingenakubalwa zabuyiselwa. Uphando lwalusekelwe kumaxwebhu ahlalayo kunye nobungqina babantu, ngexesha lobomi babo la mazwe ayinikwe ngokungekho mthethweni ebunini.

Ngokuphawulekayo, inani lamaRashiya ekulawuleni iHetman lancitshiswa. Babenqatshelwe ukuthenga umhlaba e-Ukraine, kwaye umnqweno wabo wokushiya ilizwe wakhuthazwa waza waxhaswa ngemali. Inani leRussia regiments eUkraine lalilinganiselwe ezintandathu.

Ngaphantsi kwamandla we-hetman, amaZaporozhiya abuyiswa, axhotyiswa ukusuka ku-1708 ukuba aphile kwintsimi yeCrimean Khanate. Kwakhona ngo-1734 bavunyelwa ukuba benze i-Novaya Sich emlambo iPodpolnaya.

U-Hetman uDanilo umpostile waqala ukulungisa iingxaki zemali ze-Ukraine, emva kokuba avumile uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwi-ruble ye-144 000 ngonyaka. Icandelo eliyinxalenye yengeniso yerhafu yerhafu yokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezivela eUkraine, kwaye iindleko zahlula phakathi kolawulo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nemikhosi yokuxhoba.

UDanilo umpostile: indima kwimbali ye-Ukraine

Ulawulo lukaDanila umPostile lwahlala iminyaka emithandathu nesigxina, kunyaka ophelileyo wagula. Kodwa oku, naphezu kwemiqobo engapheliyo karhulumente waseRashiya, akazange amthintele ukuba aqhubeke nokulwa nomzabalazo omkhulu wokuzimela kwe-Ukraine kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo abantu baseUkraine. Ngaphantsi kweDanilo umPostile, ubomi, nangona kunjalo, kwahlengahlengiswa: ukuphuma kweendawo zasemaphandleni kwiDnieper kwehle kwaye inani lababaleki libuyela kwiBhanki Lekhohlo landa.

U-Hetman uDanilo umpostile wafa ngoJanuwari 17, 1734, esuka kwintlanzi waza wangcwatshwa kwidolophana yaseSorochintsy (ngoku i-Great Sorochintsy yeSithili saseMyrhorod kwiphondo yasePoltava) kwibandla lokuguquguquka kweNkosi eyakhelwe ngendlela yakhe.

Ekugqibeleni

I-hetman yale ndoda, engazange ilahlekise ngamanga, yaba yinto ecacileyo ebusweni obumnyama bendalo yaseUkraine; Wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukukhusela amalungelo aseburhulumenteni aseUkraine ngaphandle kwempembelelo yangaphandle, kwaye ulawulwa ngokukodwa ukuba inxulumene nenkqubo yokuhlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-Hetmanate kwisakhiwo solawulo lwaseRashiya.