Ugonyo ipoliyo: iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Xa ukwenza ukugonyelwa ipoliyo?

Ugonyo njalo abazali imibuzo emininzi, iingxoxo kunye namava. Ugonyo ipoliyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga leyo maxa wambi kunokubangela iingxaki umntwana, ihamba uluhlu imigomo ezifunekayo ebuntwaneni. Emva sisifo esibi kuchaphazela luvo iimoto, ukukhubazeka ebangela kunye nezinye utshintsho eziyingozi emzimbeni.

Yintoni polio

Ipoliyo le ukukhubazeka nomqolo ebantwaneni. Xa intsholongwane emzimbeni kunye neziphumo zayo yokuzala kwenzeka into izimvi umnqonqo ngenxa yokufelwa zizihlunu nokukhula zezihlunu, luvo ezo phantsi kakhulu impembelelo kwale ntsholongwane. Ukunqanda le Isifo kuphela zigonywe ipoliyo. Xa ndisenza kogonyo, umntwana kufuneka nokuba andifikanga, nasiphi na isigulo bokuphefumla exacerbation lwezifo ezingapheliyo.

Esi sifo kwenzeka zicinywe okanye covertly (ngaphandle iimpawu), ngoko ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukubona. Uninzi yipoliyo eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka-5. Kule minyaka, usana kunzima kakhulu ukuyilandela, ngoko ke umngcipheko sifo linyuke kakhulu. Kwaye kuyaziwa ukuba ipoliyo sisasazwa ngamathontsi emoyeni, sigqiba: ukuba abanjiswe ndawo engalindelekanga.

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ugonyo ipoliyo. Nobubi bendlela ugonyo isoloko inkxaso eninzi kubazali. Fumana izinto ezintle nezimbi kuzo ugonyo kunokwenzeka kweli nqaku.

Ipoliyo virus eguqukayo kwaye esitalini kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. Kunokuba phikelela eku iimveliso zobisi, amanzi kunye isihlalo ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, esi sifo iye ngobhubhani.

virus lwegciwane

Iarhente causative of sepoliyo ibhekisela iintsholongwane yentsapho picornaviruses kunye enteroviruses Iqela (iintsholongwane leyo nande ethunjini). Kukho ngohlobo iintlobo ezintathu ezizimeleyo. Zonke ezi strains ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe kunye sogonyo nepoliyo. iziphumo ezibi umzimba akuyongozi impilo yomntwana.

Le ntsholongwane a RNA-berhaxwa single anyityiliselwe kwiqokobhe iprotheyini ngokuqukwa lipids. Alichatshazelwa yemvelo, ukumelana 'amazinyo, kodwa xa kuphekwa ngokukhawuleza esifa. Emva kokungena Iziphindaphinda eziphilayo kwi tonsils, amathumbu kunye koko yambetha mbandela izimvi umnqonqo, ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa luvo mafutha kunye yoma ze ijwabu kwezihlunu.

zesifo ipoliyo

Ixesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana abe phezu iimpawu isifo ka isanda. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko:

• umkhuhlane;
• izifo zesisu;
• enentloko engapheliyo;
• fatigue eziphilayo;
• ivela ukuxhuzula.

Ukuba umntwana angabhalwanga zigonywe, kwinqanaba lokuqala ngokukhawuleza Kudlula yesibini, kunye kukho ukukhubazeka kunye paresis, yenzelwe ukuba izihlunu imilenze kunye umsipha deltoid. Ngaphantsi ngokufuthi zingenzeka ukushwabana imisipha yobuso, pamo na umntla. Kuphephe called kunokwenzeka ukuba ugonyo ipoliyo. Ukuphonononga beziyobisi ingasetyenziswa ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha kwi-Internet.

Ukukhusela umntwana wakho sisifo eziyingozi ngolo hlobo, kungcono ukuba agonye kwangaphambili zonke iintsholongwane ezintathu ezibangela ipoliyo. Kungenjalo, xa izihlunu uvalo uhlangothi mhlawumbi ebulalayo.

Yintoni ugonyo yepoliyo

Vaccine kuthetha ngokwalo administering okuncitshiswe okanye kakhulu wabulawa intsholongwane, ngaloo ukuvelisa omzimba ukuba isifo. Lwemfuyo virus uya kuxhokonxa ukuveliswa antibodies egazini, yaye emva kwexesha elithile kuzisa ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, kule meko mntwana uya kuba ebizwa ngokuba yi-ugonyo "zava".

Isenzo ukugonyelwa ipoliyo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi ndawo kwintshayelelo yayo. Ukwahlula phakathi ngohlobo lomlomo kunye inactivated ye lokugonya. ugonyo yomlomo zivuza ngqo kwi emlonyeni sana, ngoko yeyokuba isebenza kakhulu, kodwa unako kunye iingxaki.

Ekubeni virus yendalo uphinda phinda kwi wokugaya, ugonyo zomlomo ziya kuba negalelo okukwazi eyomeleleyo ipoliyo.

ugonyo Inactivated ilawulwa ngenaliti kwaye akanangozi yomzimba lomntwana. Zombini amachiza ziqulathe iintlobo ezaziwayo ezintathu intsholongwane, ngoko lukhusela ngokupheleleyo umntwana ithuba izivumelwano ipoliyo ngayo.

xa nokugonywa

Kwezempilo enze inkqubo ethile ugonyo lwabantwana:

• iinyanga ezi-3 kuqhutywa ulawulo yokuqala ogonyo inactivated (IPV);
• iinyanga 4.5 - le IPV yesibini lokuQala;
• iinyanga ezi-6 - le IPV wesithathu;
• Kwiinyanga ezili-18 olwenziwa ulawulo lokomeleza yayiphindwa yesitofu ngomlomo (OPV);
• kwiinyanga 20 - esi somelezi idosi wesibini OPV;
• ke ugonyo lokugqibela ipoliyo weminyaka eli-14.

Xa ukwenza yonke lokugonya ngokocwangciso, umntwana wavelisa okukwazi ubungqina yobomi sifo. Kwiimeko apho ishedyuli gonyo yaphukile, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo kolawulo ngamnye kunye nokuqaliswa kwangethuba beziyobisi ukuze akhusele umntwana wakho kwizifo ezinobungozi. Ndiqhuba ugonyo ngokwaneleyo kuya kuba umntwana nezifo ubomi.

Indlela nemigomo ezininzi yipoliyo kufuneka kwenziwe, ungafunda ngqo evela kugqirha okanye ukhangele kulo mba ngoncedo iincwadi ezizodwa.

Apho ufakwe isitofu ipoliyo

Ukuqaliswa sokugonya yepoliyo uneempawu zawo. Isitofu sokugonya ephilayo yenziwa ngomlomo - ulwelo ezipinki kufuneka zivuze amatakane inyama lymphoid le pharynx, ugonyo abantwana abadala ilahliwe kwi tonsils iPalatine. Oku ukuthintela hypersalivation, ukususela ukuya lokugonya isisu yokungenelela wesenzo (phantsi kwempembelelo yejusi esiswini itshatyalaliswa).

Ziqapheleni! Ukuba umntwana amathe phezulu, inkqubo inaliti ugonyo kufuneka uphindaphindwe.

Amachiza Inactivated zilawulwa intramuscularly kule amatakane kwindawo womlenze okanye kwesikhumba kwindawo emagxeni. abantwana abadala lokugonya ilawulwa ngenaliti intramuscular kwindawo emagxeni.

Ugonyo ipoliyo; ngokuba nanxamnye zidityaniswe ne DTP yesitofu

Dube yenziwa ukukhusela umntwana kuso unkonkonko, ukubola komqala kunye nominxano. Kumaziko ethu yezonyango ngokufuthi DTaP kunye IPV benza kunye. Isitofu sokugonya linokwenziwa amachiza ezimbini ezahlukeneyo okanye ezintsonkothileyo, iziyobisi ezifana "Infariks Gösta" yaye "Pentaxim".

Musa ukuxhala ukuba udibaniso lwe IPV kunye Dube kungabangela iingxaki ngaphezu kokuba lugonyo ipoliyo. iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga Ngokudibanisa le iziyobisi hayi ziyanyuswa yaye badla ngokungabikho ngokupheleleyo.

Zizifo singqiniwe ukuba intsebenziswano ulawulo ogonyo likhuthaza uphuhliso okukwazi-umntwana enganyangekiyo ngoko nangoko zonke izifo. Noko ke, umntu okusemandleni ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho ngalo mbandela, ekubeni DPT kunzima ukuba umzimba, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, le sogonyo kungcono ukuba sihlanganise. Xa ugonyo umntwana ophilileyo akukho zingxaki.

Ziziphi amayeza asetyenziswa babase kwisitofu

iziyobisi enzima okanye monovalent zingasetyenziswa ukugonya umntwana. Phakathi monovalent inactivated ugonyo kwilizwe lethu ethandwayo:

• "Polioriks" - eveliswa eFransi. Kumafa yayo iye zonke iintlobo ezintathu le ntsholongwane, nefuthe etsho umzimba umntwana, ebangela imveliso izilwa-buhlungu kunye nokusekwa inkqubo ezinzileyo omzimba. Ingasetyenziswa kwiimveku okuncitshiswe, ngaphambi, belula, kwaye zidityaniswe kunye namanye amachiza.
• "Imovaks ipoliyo" - eyenziwe e Belgium. Ichiza fanekiso ngokupheleleyo "Polioriksu" zombini ubunjani kunye indlela yeziphumo emzimbeni.

Ukuze umntwana oselula nokukhuselwa kuphela ngokuchasene sifo gonyo nxamnye nepoliyo. abazali Ukuphonononga kunye noogqirha ngayo ngenxa becala kuphela HIV. Ukuba ndithetha inyaniso, oko kubizwa ngokuba inkqubo asindisa ubomi. A sezifo ngokuhambisana iingcebiso iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga sakugcina nekhuselekileyo impilo wosana olo.

Kuba Amachiza anzima asetyenziswa:

• "Pentaxim" - eveliswa eFransi. Kucingwa ezona zokugonya ziye zaveliswa, unobunyulu eliphezulu kwaye ikhusela zizifo ezihlanu (DPT, Hib, Ipoliyo).
• "Tetrakok" - eveliswa eFransi. Inika Dube ephangaleleyo ntsholongwane pertussis abulawe. Ichiza ikhuselekile ukuba umzimba lo mntwana, kuba iqulethe i ukubola - thimerosal.
• "Infanrix ndibe" - eyenziwe e Belgium. Ingaba i-analogue of "Pentaksima", umahluko kuphela ukuba isitofu pertussis bubonakaliswe iintsholongwane ezimbini kuphela (in "Pentaksime" ezintathu kwabo), ngoko ke ifuthe sokugonya emzimbeni nzima ngakumbi.

Isitofu sokugonya ephilayo, elawulwa ngomlomo, lisusiwe, ngoko ke akunikwanga ziveliswa eYurophu. Live isitofu eveliswa eRashiya, kuba sakhiwa somfanekiso (wemagniziyam chloride), kunye neentlobo-ezaziwayo ezintathu ntsholongwane. Ugonyo ipoliyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga leyo enokukhokelela kuphuhliso yepoliyo lokugonya-ezinxulumene kufuna uxanduva phezu inxalenye gqirha kunye nabazali ngexesha zokugonya wosana olo.

Indlela ukulungiselela umntwana wakho babase kwisitofu

Phambi kokuba kwaziswe yintsholongwane ephilileyo, umntwana kufuneka axilongwe wabantwana apho kuya kwenziwa isigqibo nokuba ngokukhethekileyo ngeli xesha agonywe. Akuvunyelwe ukuba agonye umntwana uhlala kwindlu enye kunye umfazi omithiyo, ukuba ayikho zigonywe.

Okubalulekileyo! Ugonyo ipoliyo abantwana abafumana iziyobisi immunosuppressive okanye abo uphuhliso azalwa wokugaya, kuyathintelwa.

Kwakhona ingqalelo iziphumo logonyo ezidlulileyo - zaye naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye flow njani ixesha posleprivivochny.

Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa lokugonya yomlomo kwiiyure umntwana kufuneka anikwe yokusela okanye yokutya, kulo mzekelo, ugonyo uya kutshatyalaliswa kwaye iya kuba nafuthe ukuyilwa sifo lomntwana ipoliyo.

Ugonyo ipoliyo: iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi zempilo

Ngexesha iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ugonyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwenzeka azifane kwaye aseludinini. Kungaba:

• ubuthathaka jikelele umzimba;
• ukwanda okuncinane kakhulu lobushushu emzimbeni;
• ububomvu kunye Ukudumba kancinane kwisiza Ukuchumisa.

Iimpawu emva kogonyo ipoliyo kuvela, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku 1-2, yaye emva kokuba kudlule iintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, ukusungulwa sokugonya live, umntwana aphuhlise sepoliyo lokugonya enxulumene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo ezo ugonyo kwenzeka kuphela xa immunodeficiency naso somntwana, okanye malformations le wokugaya phambi kwabantu AIDS. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko ugonyo ipoliyo ikhuselekile.

Izimo babase kwisitofu nxamnye sepoliyo

Ukuqaliswa Izitofu zomlomo live zithintelwe ngokungqongqo ku:

• ubukho bomhlaza;
• zizigulo zemithambo (ingakumbi okubangelwa ugonyo wangaphambili);
• exacerbation yezifo ezingapheliyo okanye ubukho sifo ahlekise;
• immunodeficiencies (AIDS, i-HIV).

Ugonyo kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana ngamnye, kodwa ngenxa iimpawu zayo ezithile. Ebudeni bexesha webele-ibele okanye abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukuba ukugonyelwa ipoliyo, ukuba kukho isidingo esinjalo. Nokuba ukwenza ugonyo ipoliyo umntwana wakho, yonke umzali isigqibo ngokuzimeleyo. Kodwa ke kubhetele ukuba woyise uloyiko lwabo kunye ukukhusela usana lwakho kwesi sifo eyingozi nge kogonyo ngexesha.