Lokugonya Live: inkcazelo, iintlobo, ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa

Yenza okukwazi esebenzayo kwizifo ezithile ezinkulu kunceda ugonyo. Okwangoku, le ndlela ithathwa njengokuba isebenzayo ukunceda ukuthintela uphuhliso ezimbi ezahlukeneyo usuleleko enzima, yintsholongwane kunye nohlobo wentsholongwane egazini. Lokugonya ephilayo inceda ukudala umzimba ixesha elide. Oku ethile amalungiselelo fomu ngogonyo na ezinye izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo apho nganye kufuneka ukuqhelana.

Yintoni ugonyo oluyi-live?

Ukudala izitofu eziphilayo asebenzise iintlobo okuncitshiswe of eziphilayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela leyo beqala ukwanda kwisiza inaliti. iindlela ezifana sigcina ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zazo immunogenic. ezibonisa kwezonyango ekugonyweni sifo kunye zokugonya ephilayo ayikho (kwiimeko ezininzi). Usuleleko lokugonya ekhokelela kuseko ezinzile kangako amajoni omzimba: i humoral, kumaza secretory.

Fumana buthathaka (okuncitshiswe) neentlobo abe ngenxa inactivation ye isakhi unoxanduva virulence le silwanyana. Kuba inactivation usebenzisa iziphumo imichiza ngokwasemzimbeni. Amachiza Abaninzi bahlala ziveliswa ngendlela owomileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba wandise ubomi babo ukonakala. izitofu eziphilayo womisa kunokugcinwa ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12 kubushushu elinikiweyo (2-8 ° C). ngamanye amaxesha kwanele ukuba kungafundiswa ichiza kanye ukudala nezifo elimandundu.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo izitofu esiphilayo sokugonya ezahlukeneyo. In yezandla zabo besebenzisa Cya leyo ezinento yokwenza ngamagciwane usuleleko, kodwa hayi abangela izifo. Umzekelo ogonyo enjalo - BCG, oko lufumaneka mycobacteria tuberculosis lenkomo.

buhle

Ethelekiswa zokugonya nezingaphiliyo, iziyobisi kunye iintsholongwane eziyingozi neentlobo okuncitshiswe babe eziluncedo ezininzi:

• Ithamo Ubuncinane ichiza.
• Uphuhliso Rapid sifo.
• Ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuzisa kungena eziphilayo.
• immunogenicity Ubukhulu zendalo.
• ukusebenza High (ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo).
• iindleko Low.
• Akukho amalungu kwisigcinakaliso.
• Ubulunga zonke iintlobo sifo.

Bobubi zokugonya eziphilayo

Ngokutsho iingcali okuncitshiswe iintlobo ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza amachiza ezinokubangela uphuhliso esi sifo (azifane zenzeke). Oku kunganxulunyaniswa phambi kwesi umguli kakuhle nezifo.

Isitofu sokugonya esaphilileyo-ethe kakhulu utshintsho obushushu. Ngoko ke, basabela esibi umzimba phantse kunqandwa ukuba kukungakhathali senziwe kwi zokuzigcina kunye nothutho ichiza. Kwakhona baphanga ukuze sokugonya ezingadala ngokupheleleyo ubuchule babo akangonobangela ngokupheleleyo akukho abasabela ngayo eziphilayo.

Oogqirha Siyaleza ukuphepha Edibanisa isitofu live kunye namanye amayeza yokumilisela. Kungenjalo, ukuze baphuhlise ngayo ezibi kumzimba okanye iarhente uya kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo.

Isitofu sokugonya ephilayo ipoliyo

Ezimandundu izifo ezosulelayo na nepoliyo, nto leyo echaphazela ingqondo umnqonqo. Le ngezifo kukhokelela umonakalo luvo nokukhubazeka. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, isitofu live (OPV) waphuhliswa zizazinzulu, nako ukukhusela uluntu kwesi sifo soyikekayo.

Indlela nokumaneka ulwelo kwaye ilungiselelwe yolawulo ngomlomo. It has a incasa ekrakra-ezinetyuwa, yaye ke ngoko kwi etiphini bayacetyiswa ukuba musa ukudibanisa ichiza elwimini. Ichiza kufuneka uye kwi-Amygdala (akukho azosala), eqala ukuyilwa inkqubo ezinzileyo omzimba. Zigonywe live Kunconywa emva ngokusebenzisa inactivated.

Ngokutsho reviews immunologists lokugonya iqulethe zonke zontathu iintlobo sepoliyo, nto leyo inceda ukukhusela umzimba nxamnye nazo zonke iindidi ezaziwayo kwesi sifo. Iingxaki imithi kunqabile kakhulu. Noko ke, abazali abaninzi baye bangafuni ukugonya umntwana ngale sokugonya.

Zisebenza njani?

Sabin Ugonyo (OPV) emva kokungena umzimba agcinwe ngokusisigxina emathunjini, Nokubengezelisa ukuyilwa sifo, ezifana lowo oza kuphuhliswa emva sifo. Le ugonyo lokuqala lwenziwa eneminyaka kwiinyanga ezi-6. Pre-zingane zigonywe kwisitofu sogonyo inactivated kabini - ngeenyanga ezi-3 no 4.5. Ngenxa yoko, simele beqala ukuvelisa izilwa ziyakwazi yokuqaphela ukukhusela umzimba nxamnye gciwane. Live ugonyo ipoliyo lukwakhuthaza ukuveliswa interferon, nayo leyo kunempembelelo entle amajoni omzimba.

reviews

Ngethuba lokwenza uphando kwafunyaniswa ukuba kakhulu kakuhle ngakumbi inactivated OPV lokugonya. Oogqirha bacebisa mandatory ukudlula icebo ngokupheleleyo ukugonya ipoliyo kunye nemfuneko yokusebenzisa lokugonya live okuncitshiswe. Ngelo xesha abazali Musa ukungxama uvume ukusetyenziswa kweli chiza. Oku kungenxa kumngcipheko yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: ipoliyo lwamachiza-ezinxulumene, ifiva, wacaphuka esihlalweni sakhe, ilahleko koluvo kwi imilenze, iqinelwa ukuphazamiseka.

Kakade ke, ukusetyenziswa zokugonya eziphilayo ukuze bandiqumbise ngayo ezibi. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo zibhalwe enqabile. Banokuchaphazeleka abantwana bazalwa immunodeficiency, ukungaqheleki iziphene le iphecana zesisu okanye ukuba buthathaka inkqubo yokuzikhusela, umzekelo emva ukubandezeleka sigula kakhulu. Kule meko, uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela lokugonya inactivated.

Indlela yokukhusela lwemasisi?

Imasisi sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu, nto leyo zosuleleke ngayo nawuphi na umntu, nokuba isini kunye nobudala. Njengoko umntwana, lo ngezifo ikhutshelwe lula kakhulu. Ukuze kubekho umzimba uya kuphila yimasisi sokugonya. -Component olunye eziveliswa ngumvelisi ekhaya sokugonya. Kwakhona wokuqalisa ingqalelo lokugonya Indian-eyenziwe.

Lithetha ekuveliseni ngokohlobo lomgubo owomileyo, nto leyo bungxengwe kuphela okhethekileyo. ugonyo Ready zingagcinwa akukho ngaphezu kweyure. Ugonyo nge ugonyo monovalent luthintela usulelo sifo, okanye ukudlulisela oko ngendlela elula.

Olucwangcisiweyo ugonyo lokuqala lubonisa eneminyaka iinyanga 12-14. Phinda-faka lokugonya kufuneka ube neminyaka emi-6 ubudala. Kukho amathuba ishedyuli Ukuchumisa ngamnye, nto leyo kufuneka wenze engokuthintelwa.

Izimo kunye nobunzima

indlela rhoqo ezichaseneyo nolawulo ephilileyo yimasisi sokugonya iimpawu ezifana fever, irhashalala, ukudumba iindawo nkovu, ukhohlokhohlo. Iingcali zithi oku kakhulu yokusabela eqhelekileyo.

Xa abantwana, ezi mpawu ezo ingaqhelekanga. Ngokusisiseko, ukuqaliswa ephilileyo yimasisi sokugonya kukho ukunyamezeleka kakuhle. Phambi kogonyo kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wabancina umntwana (isigulane omdala) yaye walawula ngaphandle phambi Izimo (abasisigxina kunye okwethutyana). Kubalulekile ukuba lo mntu ngokupheleleyo kufanelekile. Isitofu sokugonya akavumelekanga ukuba angene amabhinqa indawo abantu imbali lwesifo sephepha, kwaye iingxaki ezibangelwa olu gonyo wangaphambili.

Ugonyo rubella

isifo Omnye wabantwana, apho kunzima kakhulu ukuqhuba omdala rubella. Isitofu sokugonya (live) uthathwa le ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela usulelo. A ingozi ngezifo ethile umithi.

lokugonya Live (elinye icandelo-) eziboniswa iingcali Croatian, isiFrentshi namaNdiya. Ngokutsho neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga impendulo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka abadala abathe zagonyelwa sokugonya okuncitshiswe. A ukunyuka okungephi kwi nkovu iindawo, ubuthathaka, ifiva, irhashalala ulusu ziye zabanjwa ngosuku lwesibini.

Abantu ezithandwa isenzeko eyingozi kakhulu kukwalisa, kucetyiswa ukuba kweliso iingcali emva nolawulo.