Ubuzwe yaseAvar: imbali, imvelaphi, amasiko

Maxa wambi abanye bethu ukuva ngalo uhlanga nje yaseAvar. Olunjani luhlanga - i Avars?

Yeyona kwabantu bomthonyama zaseCaucasus abahlala kwimpuma eGeorgia. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sizwe liye lakhula kakhulu ukuba inani enkulu Dagestan.

imvelaphi

Imvelaphi Avars usekho engacacanga kakhulu. Ngokutsho yemihla Georgian, ubume babo ubangelwa Hozoniha, inzala eliphuma abantu Dagestan. igama layo kwixa elidluleyo, oko ngokuba yaseAvar Khanate - Khunzakh.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba eneneni beza Avars eLwandle lweCaspian, imilenze kunye Golova, kodwa ayixhaswa yi na ubungqina, kubandakanywa uhlanga akazange acinge ukuba nabani na ezi zizwe. izifundo oluzama ukufumana uqhagamshelwano phakathi Avars kunye Avars ngubani uyisekile Kanagat, ke, lo gama aba imizamo ningayingenisi isiphumo efanelekileyo. Kodwa ngenxa uhlalutyo yemfuza (kuphela umgca umzali) sinokuthi olu uhlanga (yaseAvar) usondeleyo nokuxubana ngaphezu kwabanye abantu eGeorgia.

Ezinye iinguqulelo imvelaphi Avars nayo akafuni acacise, kodwa bekudidekisa kuphela ngenxa yokuba ubukho izizwe ezibini ezahlukeneyo, kunye phantse enegama elifanayo. Indlela kuphela oku kubizwa ngokuthi mbali malunga nantoni na, malunga kungenzeka ukuba igama olu hlanga wanika Kumyks, ezo ezibangela eninzi ixhala. Igama elithi "Ingozi" kwi zamaTurkic lithetha "ophawulekayo" okanye "silwe" kwezinye izithethe ngamagama izidalwa wasentsomini, unesiphiwo amandla angaphezu.

Abo ubuzwe - yaseAvar, ngokufuthi bazibiza ukuze bona ngokwabo ebona ukuba yimiqathango efanelekileyo; maarulaly, mountaineers kwaye nkqu i "ephakamileyo".

Imbali yabantu

Umhlaba awayephantsi Avars kwixesha ukusuka V kangangeenkulungwane VI. BC. e., ekuthiwa Sarir. Le ubukumkani kwandiswa ukuya emantla erhangqwe kwi iindawo Alans kunye Khazars. Kuyo yonke loo meko, edlala wakhetha Sarir, chaza enkulu yezopolitiko kwaba kuphela X kwinkulungwane.

Nangona le kuMbindi Ages kusasa, uluntu kunye nenkcubeko ilizwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, kukho kwakuchume iintlobo zobugcisa izilwanyana. saba likomkhulu Sarir isixeko Humradzh. Ingakumbi umahluko phakathi zolawulo oluyimpumelelo ukumkani wabiza iingozi. Imbali Avars wawukhankanya abe ngumlawuli nesibindi kakhulu, yaye ezinye izazinzulu abakholelwa ukuba igama livela abantu egameni lakhe.

Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva kwisayithi ka Sarir yaseAvar Khanate wavela - enye zokuhlala kakhulu, phakathi kwamanye amazwe ziye zabelwa ezizimeleyo 'uluntu free ". abameli yokugqibela ferocity ezahlukeneyo kunye nomoya onamandla ukulwa.

Ixesha le Khanate yaba lixesha elinzima: lwaqhaqhazela rhoqo imfazwe, iziphumo zazo zaba sisikhubekiso mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala. Nangona kunjalo, i ingxaki abantu Dagestan elimanyeneyo, kunye nentsebenziswano yawo lakhula kuphela ngamandla. Umzekelo oku Andalalskoe idabi akayeki, imini nobusuku. Nangona kunjalo, le nkomo baphumelele ngolwazi ngengingqi kunye namaqhinga ezahlukeneyo. Aba bantu ke ebumbeneyo kangangokuba namankazana, ziqhutywa lulangazelelo ukulondoloza ikhaya labo bathatha inxaxheba impi. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi olu uhlanga (yaseAvar) ngenene igama ekunene, a abemi kakuhle nelilifaneleyo imfazwe le Khanate.

Ngenkulungwane XVIII, abaninzi Khanate zaseCaucasus kunye Dagestan wajoyina Russia. Abo akazange afune ukuhlala phantsi kwedyokhwe gunya, waququzelela imvukelo wakhula eCaucasus imfazwe, eyathatha nje kweminyaka engama-30. Nangona zonke umehluko sesibini kwisiqingatha elandelayo kwinkulungwane Dagestan baba yingxenye Russia.

ulwimi

ulwimi script Avars iphuhlise ngexesha ngexesha abaseAfrika Albania. Ekubeni oku ingqalelo isizwe inamandla ezintabeni, ngolwimi lwakhe zanwenwa ngokukhawuleza kwi kumazwe angabamelwane, ukuba lubalaseleyo. Namhlanje ulwimi lwenkobe kuba ngaphezu kwe-700 lamawaka. Abantu.

iziyelelane yaseAvar zahlukile kakhulu kwaye yahlulwe kumaqela nezi ndawo Southern, ngoko ke izithethi bomthonyama ukunxibelelana iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo ngenkankulu ukuqonda omnye. Noko ke, ukuthetha northerners kufutshane eqhelekileyo uncwadi, yaye ukuze uliqonde kakuhle incoko lula.

yokubhala

Nangona ukungena yokuqala yokubhala Arabhu, abahlali neengozi baqalisa ukusebenzisa kuphela ezimbalwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo. Ngaphambi koko, xa ukusetyenziswa wawusekelwe Cyrillic alfabhethi, kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. kuye kwagqitywa ukuba uyitshintshe ufake oonobumba Latin.

Namhlanje, izenzo ezisemthethweni yokubhala, zibonisa ngokwemizobo indlela efanayo oonobumba Russian, kodwa iqulethe abalinganiswa 46 endaweni ye-33.

amasiko Avars

Inkcubeko yabantu kakhulu ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, xa unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu kufuneka ihlonitshwe umgama: amadoda Akuvunyelwe ukuba zisondele abasetyhini ngaphezu kweemitha ezimbini, ngeli lixa kufuneka ugcine isiqingatha kude. Lo mgaqo mnye usetyenziswa kubantu abatsha ukuthetha abadala.

Avars, njengezinye izizwe Dagestan, ukususela ebuntwaneni tindhawu leti intlonipho abadala kuphela ubudala kodwa ngokwesimo ekuhlaleni. Nabani na le "Ekhaya", usoloko uya ekunene, kunye nomyeni wakhe - phambi umfazi wakhe.

Customs yaseAvar iindwendwe ibethe zonke iirekhodi inkoliseko. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe, iinqaba vizitor phezu komkhosi, nokuba ukweliphi inqanaba bakhe kunye nobudala kunye angabuya nanini na ixesha, ngaphandle kokwazisa oko kwangaphambili. Umnini ekhaya kuthatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo impilo kunye nokhuseleko abafikayo. Kodwa guest linyanzelekile ukuba ukuthobela ezithile nemithetho yokuziphatha edalelwe Yenza iqela lamanyathelo alithathwanga kwi asekuhlaleni.

Xa kobudlelwane ntsapho iintloko amandla zendlu ongazange ezicinezelayo, abafazi idlale indima ephambili ekujongeni le miba emininzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwakukho abathile babo ngenkani phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho imithetho, oko akuthethi ukuba balale kunye ebhedini okanye wabelane igumbi ukuba indlu amagumbi eziliqela.

Kwakhona, kwabakho ukuvalwa unxibelelwano phakathi amantombazana namakhwenkwe, ngoko yaseAvar (nto leyo uhlanga, ngazo ngaphambili) watyelela indlu darling uzakuwushiya xa kukho into ethile, ithathwa njengokuba isindululo umtshato.

ubuzwe yaseAvar

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ukuba Avars - uhlanga umdla kakhulu kunye ubutyebi bembali yamandulo kunye nezithethe ezibangel 'umdla, nto ichazwe ngokupheleleyo kweli nqaku. Le nomkhuba ephangalele kakhulu abantu abangawaziyo * isigqebelo, kodwa uthando. La neemvakalelo kakhulu, ngoko umfowunelwa lobuqu akuyomfuneko ukuba lirhoxe yaseAvar ngokwakhe, ihlamba ingqiqo yakhe izwe okanye wayebhekisela buthathaka emzimbeni.