Contemporary Imbali Education: ebheka namathemba

Ushintsho of 1990 kunye kowama-2000 kwi kwinkqubo yezemfundo iye yakhokelela ekubeni nenyaniso yokuba inkqubo yoqeqesho nemfundo waba nengxaki systemic enzulu. Yayiphazamisa ngamandla yile ntlekele, kwicala lezingluntu, ngokukodwa, into ezifana nembali. School kunye nemfundo imbali high school wayeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ukuba thaca kuye. Yaye yintoni na ezi mfuno?

Ngokoluvo lwam, imfundo imbali kufuneka kuqala ekufundiseni abantwana besikolo kunye abafundi ingqiqo wothand'uhlanga, zobuntu; ukuphuhlisa intlonipho kwinkcubeko kunye nezithethe kwizizwe zeli lizwe kunye nehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, imfundo imbali kufuneka lujoliswe ukwakha izakhono abafundi kunye nabafundi ukuhlalutya izibakala kunye neziganeko kungekuphela nje kwixesha elidluleyo kodwa kwakhona xesha lakalokunje, ukuze abe nako ukubona izinto zembali. Okwesithathu: Imfundo zembali kufuneka ibe separable kwaye lo mgaqo uphambili kwinzululwazi yezembali ngokwaso, eyile historicism.

Historicism - umgaqo ulwazi ngezinto kunye izenzakalo kwazo, ukubunjwa kunye nophuhliso kwiimeko ezithile zembali. Kulo mba, ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba iincwadi namhlanje ngoyaba ngokupheleleyo umgaqo historicism. Ngokutsho kwakhe akucaci njani, nini yaye kutheni kukho le okanye isiganeko, okanye loo nto. Ngenxa yoko, ukufunda iincwadi zezifundo mihla kukho imvakalelo yokuba zonke iziganeko zembali kunye izibakala kwavela ngokwabo, ngokwabo ndahlala. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo akukho umkhondo. Ngaloo ndlela baphulukana umsonto engundoqo hlabathi yophuhliso yezembali uluntu, singasathethi ke into yokuba efumba iziganeko kunye izibakala ngaphandle ecacisa ubudlelwane unobangela nefuthe le Bill of imbali ngokwalo njengenkqubo apho yonke into enxulumene kunye. Umntu akangcoliswa yiloo nto ivela, wenze ngokupheleleyo nto liyalahleka - ukuze ziimpawu historicism. Oko kukuthi, lo mgaqo ayikho namhlanje phantse zonke iincwadi zezifundo wangoku kwimbali. Kutheni?

Ingxaki kukuba ababhali na iincwadi mihla kwimbali, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ekuqaleni ezimbini inkqubo yemfundo kontsenternuyu engathethekiyo, xa iziganeko ezifanayo, izibakala, uphuhliso yeqonga, ukuba bammise ukuba xi lokuqala (amaBakala 5-9), kwaye nangenxa yesibini - 10 - 11 iiklasi. Ukongeza, uviwo iFreyistata kwimbali yakhiwa engakumbi isiseko senyaniso ngaphezu qho yohlalutyo. Abantwana abathe banikela uviwo kwi akhawunti imbali ye ngaphezu ngentloko izibakala, iziganeko, imihla, ubuntu kunokuba ukucacisa ukuba kutheni kwenzeke esi siganeko, kutheni na kwesi sihlandlo sexesha, hayi ngaphambili okanye emva koko, yaye yintoni imiphumo wakhokelela. Ngenxa yoko, uqhagamshelwano ilahlekileyo phakathi iziganeko inyaniso, yaye abafundi baqonde ayisekho kwaye ufumane uxhulumaniso kobude phakathi izibakala ngamnye, ubuntu kunye neziganeko. Kodwa ke, le nto yakha isiseko kwimbali; Lo ngowona mthetho wongamileyo kuphuhliso yonke imbali yoluntu.

Ukulahleka kwenzekayo kwixesha elidluleyo - Lonto ke yenye yezinto ezimbi eziziintloko ezithe zavela ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo yesikolo yokugula-umithe. Enye ombi kukuba namhlanje ezilahlekileyo inomsebenzi lemfundo ebalulekileyo yemfundo imbali yesikolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekubeni 1990, ayiyi nayenza nemigaqo yemfundo zembali. Ukuba kwimfundo zembali yesikolo eSoviet esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo ngabemi kunye behlabathi wamaKomanisi, namhlanje kule no. Endaweni yoko, ukuba ukunika abafundi izikhokelo ezisisiseko, ootitshala kufuneka ukumelana nento yokuba ugalele phambi kwabo (ngokomfanekiso) "ambala", edlula kuwo njenge "ilekese." Ngamazwi, ngathi yonke kubonakala nice bemlinga - ukuphuhlisa iimvakalelo yobuzwe, ku hlakulela ku unyamezelwano, nembono humanistic, ukwakha indawo yoluntu. Enyanisweni, bonke abile phantsi verbiage, ngoko ke akwaziwa koko yaye yintoni isizathu ukwenza ezi mvakalelo, ezo imizekelo ezi njongo. Ngapha koko, kuquka uvavanyo olulula ubuntu yembali izixhobo zezifundo ayikho into akwanelanga, kwaye umane nje.

Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje kukho ombi yonke imfundo kwezeMbali ezikolweni, nto leyo ingachazwa njenge ukuthotywa. Ukoyisa inkqubo ukuthotywa kungenzeka kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, umele unike indlela yoqeqesho kontsenternoy ezimbini ukuya kwinkqubo yomgama. Okwesibini, sithatha imfundiso imbali yokufunda yi amanqanaba indlela kuphuhliso zembali. Okwesithathu: ukudala iimeko uqeqesho olusesikweni nolungekho yokwenene nembali kunye nemfundo. Kwaye oku kunokwenziwa kuphela xa, endaweni yokuba uviwo notorious adale iimviwo zemveli, kwaye endaweni yokukhumbula nje imihla, iziganeko, izibakala, ubuntu baqala ukunika abafundi ulwazi lokwenene-ihlabathi ngenxa ka-siseko historicism, ukuba abafundise ukuba ukuchonga ubudlelwane unobangela kunye nesiphumo, ukunika zovavanyo zabo, njengoko amanqaku kunye namanani zembali. Le ndlela kakhulu kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngenene oko kuyimfuneko. Kuphela ngale ndlela, sinako ukoyisa zonke iziphumo ezibi kuphuculo wesikolo ka-1990 kunye neminyaka zero.

Esithembisayo kule nkalo intsingiselo kwimfundo imbali yesikolo, njengokuba kudala inkqubo linear zoqeqesho, kodwa hayi yokuthenga iincwadi zezifundo ezifumanekayo namhlanje. Kufuneka iincwadi zezifundo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo iza kuqokelelwa Asiqali kakhulu njengoko ziya kumiselwa liSebe iingongoma ophambili kuphuhliso lonke yembali kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

UPawulos kufuneka sithi gqolo engundoqo imfundo Imbali yanamhlanje de kude ekusombululeni imisebenzi ephambili kuzo:

1. Ukwenziwa iindlela ezintsha zokufundisa, ngokusekelwe ithiyori stadial kunye umgaqo historicism.
2. Nikelani ingqalelo ngakumbi na nokucengceleza kakhulu izibakala ukuze abe nako ukunika uvavanyo echanekileyo kwezi zibakala, ukufumanisa izinto zembali kukhombisa elidlulileyo zembali, hlalutya langoku kwaye iqala elizayo.
3. Tsiba ukusuka slogans unsubstantiated kwinkqubo ngokwenene yemfundo zembali esekelwe imizekelo.