Ubhubhane - yintoni na le nto? A bhubhane yohlukile bhubhane?

Yintoni a lombulalazwe kwaye eyahluke ngayo bhubhane? Kutheni yaye kwenzeka nini? Esinokubangela ukuba ehlabathini namhlanje? Kwaye oko kuthethwa ngayo kwi movie "Le ubuxoki bhe"?

umahluko

Makhe sonke ukuze. Enyanisweni, omnye ubhubhane - isifo inyambalala yabantu. Ndingathanda nje bhubhane. Noko ke, zahluke ngokobubanzi bawo. Ukuba ubhubhane ngokuba Ukuqhambuka kwesifo zikuyo ungaphezu kwinqanaba elithile yommandla elinikiweyo, ngoko uba lombulalazwe xa ubani kurhulumente, apho kwakukho, kwaye xa inani owosulelekileyo ifaniswa labemi.

Njengoko sibona, le nkcazo kunokuba mfiliba. Ke Ebola, umzekelo, badlulela kumazwe aliqela ezikhathaza uluntu ehlabathini, kodwa ayikwazi ngokwenene ngokuba bhubhane. Nangona kubhubhane komkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, "ukuhamba", umzekelo, eYurophu, nto awunankinga definition yayo.

kwimbali

Uphi yesilungu ngaphandle eziphilayo nangeentshol? Ezi izifundo ezinxulumene waba luncedo olukhulu kuluntu. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ekubeni yimbonakalo yomntu nengqiqo, uhlanga lwethu wahlaselwa iintsholongwane kunye ezincane. Ubungqina boku amanani yamandulo zamaqula kweendawo zokungcwaba (ngaphambili zisafumaneka, umzekelo, iintsholongwane icesina). Ke ukuba nithi, ukuba kuphela amawaka amabini minyaka yokugqibela lombulalazwe ebangelwe izifo ezimbi zangaphambili basweleka ngaphezu ngenxa yeemfazwe zehlabathi! Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, kuphela ngamaxhoba Kwakulula abantu abazizigidi ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Sixelele ngokufutshane malunga pandemics idumileyo kwimbali yabantu.

esifo

Bhe (it nje yena) ukonakala yonke. Enye ebizwa kulindelekile okanye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa emnyama. Disease, leyo ngamaxesha ezimnyama izigidi ziye bafa, esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Kwi-avareji, ukufa yayo ehlabathini lonke kwafikelela amane ekhulwini. Isasazeka, waba kuyo yonke indawo. gciwane amaninzi nalo kude izilwanyana. Kunye nezifo zezilwanyana kudluliselwa ebantwini, yaye ke kunceda kakhulu ukuze aphephe ingqakaqa esele yabantu. Esi sizathu kunye ugonyo lokuqala (okanye, kunoko, ngenxa Ukuchumisa - zitofwe ingqakaqa ububomvu), nangona isiphumo yokugqibela, kwaye buthathaka kunye sicatshulwa yobomi.

Kukho amatyala usuleleko ngabom amaNdiya kwilizwekazi North American. Kuba yokugqibela, esi sifo waba sibulale 90% yamatyala. Ubhubhane - yenye izixhobo ezinceda abafudukele ukuthatha indawo yomnye umntu. I-British wamnika waza wathengisa ngokukodwa Indians iingubo ingqakaqa-bosulelekile, impahla, ukuba intsholongwane umngcangcazelisi asuswe kubo Yehlabathi Elitsha.

Ngenxa kudalwe ugonyo baphumelela ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza sifo sele maxesha Soviet. Kwaye intsholongwane ingqakaqa agcinwe kuphela kwiilebhu eziliqela ehlabathini lonke. Kwimeko ukuqhambuka kuya kuba lula ukuvelisa isitofu sokugonya.

isifo

isifo Acute ne yokufa kakhulu. Ingeniso kunye nokubandakanyeka visceral, nkovu node, iphuhlisa nokudumba. Eyaziwa ukudumba kunye nenyumoniya. Kuvela ku nakujoliso olutsha zendalo, abathwali zayo namabuzi. Ebizwa ngokuba Yersinia pestis. Nge unyango lwangoku uyasilela ukunciphisa izinga lokusweleka iipesenti ezintlanu. Kumaxesha amandulo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubhubhane eyaziwayo lwesifo izigidi zabantu. Ngoko ke, isibetho Justinian, wabonakala kwiminyaka 541-700. eYiputa, wabulala ukuya ku-100 ezigidi abantu ehlabathini jikelele. Kuphela eseByzantium wafa esiqingatheni wakhe zoluntu luphela. Enye bhubhane eyaziwa yaba Black Death. Ngoko (1347-1351) isibetho saba eYurophu evela eTshayina. Wafa abantu ezingamashumi amathathu anesine million ukusuka.

Kodwa ibali ayipheli isibetho. Ngexesha ekuthiwa ubhubhane yesithathu in India kuphela abantu kwezigidi ezithandathu abaye bafa. Kodwa ke, ngokungafaniyo iimeko ezimbini zokuqala, esi sifo "ukuhamba" kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuze ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Lakwazi ukuba wonke zelizwekazi ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso lobudlelwane zorhwebo.

ikholera nobhubhane

Kwakukho eziliqela. Ubhubhane yenzeka okokuqala ngo-1816 e-Bengal. Wahlupheka kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-Indiya, iTshayina kunye Indonesia. Inani lamaxhoba Kuqikelelwa ngamashumi ezigidi. Wafika ke ikholera kunye eRashiya. Apha kulo yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini. Total eyaziwa pandemics ezisixhenxe ikholera. Bonke bephela zenzeke kule mihla. De kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ikholera sisifo ubume. Kuyabonakala ukuba, esinye sezizathu zokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa pandemics kunye nophuhliso ubudlelwane urhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Esifo: icesina, yesifo kunye relapsing

Isifo luphawulwa icesina, ukunxila kunye nokuphazamiseka engqondweni. Ubhubhane yokuqala eyaziwayo (iminyaka 430-427. BC. E.) Yenzekile ngexesha i Peloponnesian War. Emva koko wafa ukusuka kwikota yomkhosi baseAthene, leyo kwajongela ukukhonya ngurhulumente kule ngingqi. Fumanisa unobangela wale sifo kwaba enkosi bemba ubunzima amangcwaba kuphela ngoku. Ngomhla iintsalela okulwa yamandulo iintsholongwane icesina zifunyenweyo.

Amafama kubhubhane kwaye kumaxesha yamvanje. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha Yehlabathi Yokuqala eRashiya Poland baye bafa ngenxa yesifo ezintathu kunye nabantu nesiqingatha sesigidi.

kuduma lwangoku

Kakhulu aziwa umkhuhlane ubhubhane, ebizwa njalo-"umkhuhlane Spanish", ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, oko kwabulawa ukuya kwenye lezigidi zabantu. Uphawu kwesifo usasazwa ukufa ngok nezisezantsi. Kwaye kuphela xa umntu sele osulelekile influenza ntsholongwane kwizilwanyana okanye intaka, kuba siyabulala kuye. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba, ukuba bekunjalo nge "umkhuhlane Spanish". A phawu olulodwa kule sezifo ukuba ozibiyele lonke izihlandlo ezithathu, ixesha ngalinye ebengezelayo, ebunayo emva nomkhosi entsha. Kwaye ke ukufa naye linyuke kakhulu. "Le ubuxoki bhe" iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kulo isaziso obubhaliweyo.

Ngokutsho kwe World Health Organization, kuphela izifo somkhuhlane ehlabathini lonke sife phambi kwabantu ezingamakhulu amahlanu amawaka ngonyaka. Kwaye nangona ezithi zenzeke ugonyo rhoqo yabemi. Ukanti na uhlobo lo bhubhane. Noko ke, izazinzulu musa ngaphandle iziganeko ezinjalo, ukuba intsholongwane izitshintsha izifo eziqhelekileyo ngamaxesha athile baze bafumane ezibulalayo kubantu iipropati. Ngoko ke, njengokuba kunjalo lweehagu, kunye nokusasazeka komkhuhlane weentaka. Imithi ezi iintlobo ngempumelelo yabo alikafiki aqinisekisiweyo.

Ekuphetheni

Umkhuhlane - oku ngokuqinisekileyo usongo uluntu. Ke iyeza ke, umgaqo, kuba usoloko ekulungele. Noko ke, kukho lombulalazwe flu, njengesiqhelo, ngesiquphe. Ezo yesifo esibi lidala, ngathi isibetho, kholera, icesina kunye yingqakaqha, ngethamsanqa, siye phantse engasekho ezisengozini. Kodwa ke kufuneka ungalibali malunga nobhubhane efihlakeleyo. Bona luphawulwa ikhosi yexesha elide kwesi sifo. Le HIV, isifo sephepha kunye seengcongconi, kangangoko engaphantsi. Ukusuka ngasinye kwezi zifo zibulala izigidi nyaka ngamnye. amayeza esebenzayo evela kubo okwangoku zifunyenwe. Ngoku abaninzi bathi Ebola - a bhubhane.

Ngoko ke, makhe senze isiphelo ngelithini. Ubhubhane - sifo, izehlo apho ifaniswa abemi mmandla, ngoxa ihambisa imida States eziliqela, kwaye izinga lokusweleka kulo igcinwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ke, phezu kwazo zonke inkqubela zezonyango namhlanje, ukuba indawo izisongelo yamandulo kuza iintsholongwane ezintsha neentsholongwane ziziqhelanise iziyobisi, yaye ugonyo endala uba angasebenzi. Mhlawumbi ngale ndlela indalo efuna ukuba ndithethe into kule ndoda? ..