Ubhishophu Ecumenical - isihloko nezo kwiCawa yobu waseConstantinople.

Ecumenical UMphathi - i nezo beCawa kaConstantinople. Ngokwembali, kucingwa ukuba ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo le obeku- of amabandla asekuhlaleni. Kuthetha ntoni oku, yaye kwakukho eli bali, uthethe kamva. Ngoku sifumanisa ukuba ngubani na lo solusapho lolunye. Ngoko ke, ngo-Oktobha 22, 1991 le isihloko yawongwa Bartholomew I (ehlabathini Dimitrios Arhodonis), eyaziwa ngokuba Divine wakhe bungcwele uBhishophu eConstantinople (igama endala lesixeko Entsha).

yembeleko

Le isihloko lamiswa, kwi yoBukhosi baseByzantium, esi sixeko saba likomkhulu kweConstantinople. Okokuqala zeformula Ubhishophu Acacius (472-489) kwaba osesikhundleni emva yeSine zeformula Council (451, Chalcedon). Ngoko imigaqo-9, 17 no-28 lazisiwe ubukhosi-ngokubanzi yolawulo New Bishop waseRoma, ngokubaluleka ukuba indawo yesibini emva eRoma.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane VI kunye ngendima yesihloko ekugqibeleni yamkelwe kokubini civil kunye nezenzo nezenkolo yoBukhosi baseByzantium. Kodwa kwakuphethe of Rome 28 th mthetho ukuba wamkelwe. Kuyinto kuphela ngokunxulumene manyano ukuya kwi-VII zeformula Council (1438-1445 gg.) Ekugqibeleni eRoma wazibeka emva kwabo kwinxalenye yesibini ye labefundisi kaConstantinople.

Le ngubhishophu ku Russia

Kodwa ke ngo-1453, i-uBukhosi baseByzantium yawa emva kokuba angqingo kweConstantinople abendlu Turkish. Kulo mzekelo, i zeformula uMphathi eConstantinople, wakwazi ukugcina indawo yakhe njengenkokheli yehlabathi lamaKristu, kodwa sele likhona phantsi Ottoman. Ngegama wahlala intloko kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, kodwa ndandibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ediniwe kwi moya eziphathekayo, ngoxa ngubhishophu yasekwa kwi State Russian (1589). Ebudeni bolawulo Boris Godunov, njengokuba sisazi, usolusapho yokuqala eRashiya waba uYobhi (1589).

Emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, uBukhosi Ottoman yaphela. Ngowe-1923, eConstantinople yayeka ukuba ikomkhulu, ngowe-1930, igama e Istanbul (Istanbul).

Race amandla

Ebutsheni bowe-1920, i-labefundisi kaConstantinople isangqa wangaphakathi uqala ukuze baqonde oko onke amabandla Orthodox Kuhlala kufuneka bathobele ngokupheleleyo ubhishophu omkhulu waseConstantinople. Ngoko ke indlela, ngokutsho kwintlanganiso yamaGrike elite ekuthiwa-Phanariotes, ngoku igunya nembeko, namandla, ngoko ke angenelele kwimicimbi yangaphakathi amanye amabandla. Le ngcamango ngoko nangoko phantsi ukugxekwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo waza wabizwa ngokuba "popery empumalanga." Noko ke, lo mkhwa de facto yavunywa yi ibandla.

Ubhishophu Ecumenical Bartholomew I: biography

Bartholomew ngemvelaphi yamaGrike yobuhlanga owazalwa ngo February 29, 1940 isiqithi Turkish ka eImbros Zeytinli Village-Kay. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e Istanbul, wahlabela mgama kufunda Theological School of the Council of Chalcedon, yaye ngowe-1961 wamiselwa umdikoni. Emva koko wakhonza iminyaka emibini kumkhosi Turkish.

Ukususela ngowe-1963 ukuya 1968 - Ngoxa ukufunda kwi Pontifical Oriental Institute eRoma, waza wafunda kwiYunivesithi Munich ne Switzerland. Emva koko afundiswe Pontifical Gregorian University, apho wafumana ubugqirha yenkolo.

Ngowe-1968, i-ordination kwenzeka abadala, kuquka uBhishophu Athenagoras I. Ngowe-1972, sele phantsi uBhishophu linguDemetriyo, wamiselwa Umlawuli we-ofisi solusapho.

Ngowe-1973 waba angcwalisiweyo Bishop of the Metropolitan of Philadelphia, yaye ngo-1990 waba Metropolitan of Chalcedon. Ukususela ngowe-1974 de abekwa kasolusapho yaba lilungu le-Sinodi kunye Sinodi eziliqela kwiikomiti.

Ngo-Oktobha 1991, wonyulwa njengoko uMphathi Ecumenical kaConstantinople ibandla. Kokubekwa senzeka ngoNovemba 2 ngaloo nyaka.

NoMatewu, ROC

Emva ngokubekwa zeformula uBhishophu Bartholomew I ngowe-1993 Utyelelo Russian uMphathi. Emva ukwahlulwa eRashiya ngo-1922 (xa eConstantinople waba novelwano swigevenga zabo neecawa, hayi ezakha Church) ukuthini nobudlelwane ulwalamano lwabo. Ingakumbi ROC kwakhona yahlukana, ixhaswa abasemagunyeni Ukrainian, ngoxa kwakukho self-wavakalisa eKiev labefundisi, ephethwe Filaret. Kodwa kule mzuzu Bartholomew I shoka eziphefumlelweyo Beatitude wakhe Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev (Sabodan).

Ngowe-1996, kukho ungquzulwano elibukhali kunye Estonian Apostolic Church Orthodox. EMoscow iye ayaziwa isakhiwo eziphefumlelweyo yeCawa of the eConstantinople labefundisi e-Estonia. igama Bartholomew ukuba ngoxa nokuba zisuswe diptychs ye ROC.

iintlanganiso

Ngowe-2006, imeko yongquzulwano ebesilindelwe eDayosisi yase Sourozh MP kwi British Isles. Ngenxa yoko, Bishop Basil, umphathi yalo yangaphambili, yanyuselwa kungena Church of eConstantinople, kodwa kamsinya wemka apho njengoko wayenqwenela ukuba batshate.

Ngowe-2008, imbeko isikhumbuzo 1020th ubhaptizo of Russia, Ukrainian uMongameli UViktor Yushchenko sele silindele ukuvunywa uBhishophu Bartholomew yokuba kwakukho umbutho iicawa Ukrainian kwenye zasekuhlaleni, kodwa bengazifumananga kuyo.

Ngo-2009, Moscow uBhishophu KIRILL watyelela yokuhlala esemthethweni uMphathi waseConstantinople. Ngexesha iintetho kuxoxwe imiba ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, lo gama yakwaBartholomew wathembisa ukuba bengenelela kwimeko yecawa sidalwe Ukraine.

Emva koko, ngo-2010, yaba umdlalo yesibini e Moscow, apho kuxoxwa yesihloko zebhunga Orthodox Omkhulu. Bartholomew kwakhona ngokuba abathandabuzayo amakholwa Ukraine ukubuyela ezakha Church.

Bartholomew ubhishophu ubuhlobo kunye Roman Catholic Church

Ngowe-2006 Bartholomew wandimemela Istanbul Pope Benedict XVI, kwaye intlanganiso yaso yabanjwa kanye. Ubhishophu Ecumenical Orthodox kwincoko wakhala ukuba amabandla ezimbini nangoku ixhulumane.

Ngo-2014, intlanganiso kasolusapho kunye Pope Francis zenzeka eYerusalem. Waye kuthathwa incoko labucala, uninzi kuqhutywa kule nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa lolunye, ngokuba ngazo ngoku wagxeka kakhulu kunene.

Into Akumangalisi yale ntlanganiso yaba kukuba upopu Francis uphawu ukuthobeka wamanga isandla kasolusapho, owathi yena, ngembeko zibhuqe waphendula Phillips osculation.

Ubhishophu Ecumenical: uluhlu

Oosolusapho kwexesha yakutshanje:

• Dorofei of Prussia (1918-1921 gg.);
• Meletii IV (1921-1923 gg.);
• Gregory VII (1923-1924 gg.);
• Constantine VII (1924-1925 gg.);
• Vasily III (1925-1929 gg.);
• Photios II (1929-1935 gg.);
• Benjamin (1936-1946 gg.);
• Esiye V (1946-1948 gg.);
• Athenagoras (1948-1972 gg.);
• UDemetriyo I (1972-1991 gg.);
• Bartholomew I (1991).

isiphelo

Kuba kungekudala, ngoJuni 2016, uya kudlula iBhunga Pan-Orthodox Great, nto leyo eza kuxoxa umba obalulekileyo - sengqondo zeCawa Orthodox ngayo kwamanye amabandla kaThixo zamaKristu. Apha kusenokuba ezininzi iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kunye ngasonye. Kuba ngoku, bonke abazalwana Orthodox, ephethe elichaphazelekayo, njengoko kuthiwa, yesiBhozo zeformula Council. Nangona inkcazo bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo, kuba akukho izimiso ibandla kuxoxwa kuyo ngeke; kuba yonke into sele isigqibo, kwaye nayiphi na imeko alunako ukutshintshwa.

Ecumenical Council Last eyayibanjelwe laseNicaea ngo-787 AD. Kwaye ngoko kwakukho umsantsa yamaKatolika, nto leyo 1054 kwenzeka ibandla lamaKristu, ngoko kwasekwa i-Western (Catholic) ukusuka kwiziko waseRoma kunye Eastern (Orthodox) ezisembindini eConstantinople. Emva uqhekeko onjalo Ecumenical eBhunga priori akunakwenzeka.

Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukungenela yamaKatolika iCawa kunye Orthodox, oko kuya kwenzeka kuphela xa beguquka kwaye baphile ngokuvumelana izimiso Orthodox, kunye nezinye akanakuba. Oku kusebenza ngayo kwamanye amabandla kaThixo, kuquka abadala uqhekeko eKiev labefundisi, leyo, ukuba inxalenye yawo, kananjalo elinde ukuqondwa kunye neentlanganiso zoxolo.