Tu-154M esinye Poletayev

Passenger airliner Tu-154, nto leyo yaba ethandwa eSoviet Union jet, wamitha abe lilalela i-Il-18 kunye An-10, nto leyo gqira yokuqala sisiseko fleet moya, Aeroflot. Kufuneka entsha, ngakumbi phezulu-speed, imoto eyongayo bekhululekile, ezinye ezifana American kwendiza 727.

Ukufana iimfuno zobugcisa bizela necebo efanayo - monoplane phantsi kunye kutshayelwa-iphiko, ekwenzeni nomsila motor sifikelele ezintathu, enye engundoqo kunye ezimbini ekufakweni izibiyeli kwipali phezu emacaleni fuselage angasemva.

Ngowe-1968, i-Tu-154 wazeka esibhakabhakeni. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ngo-1972, kwaqala ukusebenza yorhwebo kwindlela eMoscow-Mineralnye Vody.

Okokuqala Uguqulelo kancinane ebizwa Tu-154 A. ukuphucuka kakhulu ukufaka iinjini NK-2-Y - ezi eyingozi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe kwi lwalo sokuqala.

Ukususela ngo-1976, le nqanawa iguqulwe kancincane kwakhona, eli xesha iinguqulelo ezinkulu, baye banikwa kunye oomatshini kwe iphiko, kunye gumbi abakhweli, kwaye ibhodi kwezixhobo. Kule fomu-moya yaziwa ngokuba Tu-154 yaveliswa de 1981. Nangona ekuqaleni ocetywayo ukuba uyinike igama kwakhona kwi Tu-164, oko sele ukuphuculwa uyilo olubalulekileyo kangaka. Xa ukhulula moya ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo ngaphambili retooled ukuya kwinqanaba lobugcisa ukuguqulwa lokugqibela.

Noko ke, ntshikilelo aqhubela kwi engenayo waqhubeka ukubelenga ezanelisayo inkonzo lo moya. Ngexesha yawa ngamnye moya evela istili rivet, kwafuneka ukuba zibuyiselwe. Le nokubi, kwakunye nezinye iingxaki kuqhubeka ngexesha engundoqo lesithathu (kodwa kukho ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini) ukulungiswa.

Ngowe-1984 waphumelela umsebenzi nokudalwa Tu-154. Ezi ethwala abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kwakhiwa. Ngenxa yoko moya enkulu. Inani abakhweli liye lanyuka kubantu-180, kwaye inqanawa nokuthembeka ngcono kakhulu. Ubungqina "amandla" -moya kwiimeko ezinzima yaba ukugaleleka wayekwazi babulawa kwi isikhululo seenqwelo-moya ishiywe kufuphi nesixeko Ukhta ngo-2010, xa abaqhubi ikwazile ukugcina ubomi abakhweli ukwala ngokupheleleyo sikagesi ekwinqwelo. I-Tu-154 wambuyisela ukusebenza kwayo.

Le ntlekele ye-moya kamongameli Air Force of Poland e ESmolensk, owenzeka kulo nyaka, yabangela ukuthetha malunga unreliability-moya yemveliso Soviet, Noko ke, kwenziwa uphando ukungqina ukuba owenzeka enyanzela pilot kumhlaba imozulu emaxongo, apho zonke kakhulu mihla, le nqanawa kuya kukhokelela bodwa efanayo.

Ngokubanzi, kukholelwa ukuba ubomi wenkonzo Tu-154M ukuvumela ukuba abe nekota yenkulungwane okanye bahlale emoyeni ezilishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka iiyure. Ingami isilingi ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-12, kunye nesantya - 900 km / h. Xa ilifa moya ezininzi Russian kunye iinqwelomoya phesheya, kakuhle eyenziwe nabanako ukwenza umkhweli zingaphuculwa, mayixhotyiswe avionics digital, yaye emva ukuphuculwa ekusetyenzisweni njenge amafutha kwerhasi yendalo. Ukususela ekupheleni koo-Bureau igama. AN Tupolev inikeza ukwenza umsebenzi ukuba sandise ubomi inkonzo nezizisa Tu-154 ukuya kumgangatho iimfuno zale mihla ukuba iinqwelo-moya. Ethu.