Imant, i-apula-tree: inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nesithombe

Ukuthenga umthi we-apula ibe ngumyezo, wonke umntu ufuna ukufumana umthi okhula ngokukhawuleza, unyaka ngamnye unikela isivuno esiphezulu sezithelo ezimnandi. Kufuneka ukuba ikhuseleke kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokusemandleni. Lo ngumthi wase-apula we-Imant. Uyamkholisa abathandi be siqhamo iminyaka elishumi nesiqingatha. Ukuxabiswa kweziqhamo ezimnandi, ukunqanda kwamaqabunga, ukuchasana nezifo.

Izidingo zemithi yamapula

Kukho amakhulu eentlobo ze-apula. Kodwa abalimi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ekudaleni amatsha. Ziziphi iimpawu abafuna ukuzenza? Yintoni enganelisekanga ngeentlobo zazo ezikhoyo?

Kwiminyaka yamuva, isimo sezulu sitshintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Izifo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane ezithintela imithi yeziqhamo ngaphambi, ngoku ziye zaqina kakhulu. Ngoko ke abalimi bakhetha iintlobo ezinqabileyo kwizifo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungasebenzisi imizamo eyongezelelweyo yokulwa nabo. Emva koko, le yindleko ezongezelelweyo, ingxaki. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kweekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ukulwa nezifo, akukho imfuneko ukuthetha ngokuhambisana kwemvelo yeemveliso. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango oluqhelekileyo alukwazi ukuqhutywa, kwaye imithi okanye izityalo zilahleka.

Ukuxabisa kakhulu ekukhetheni iindidi kufuneka kunikwe ukugcina iziqhamo. Oku kusebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla yasebusika kunye neyebusika.

Ukudala iintlobo eziphezulu zokuzivikela

Iimiyezo zaseBelarus, ilizwe lomthonyama we-apula lomthi we-Imant, zihlupheke kakhulu kwi-scab. Oku kungenxa yeziganeko ezibonakalayo zemozulu: ubumanzi obuphezulu kwiqondo elisezantsi. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu-abavelisi beBelNII banakekele ingqalelo ekukhutshweni kwama-immune specimens, bengakhohlwa ukuveliswa kweziqhamo.

Babandakanyeka inani elikhulu labanikeli abangaxhatshazwayo kwintambo ekwakheni iintlobo ezintsha. Kwiminyaka emininzi, izazinzulu zaseBelarusian ziye zahlaziya izilwanyana ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, abo kuphela abachasene nesi sifo bachongwa. Kule mihla, izivuno eziphezulu zikhethiwe.

Inkcazo ekhoyo

Yablonya Imant (isithombe kwisicatshulwa) - iindidi zeemnnyi zide. Iphumelela ngokumalunga namaqabunga kwibhande eliphakathi. Ukuhlakulela kwi-clone okanye kwi-stock stock. Iindidi zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iipula zokuqala zivuthwa kuyo okwesibini okanye wesithathu kunyaka emva kokutyala kwindawo engunaphakade.

I-Apple Tree Imant ngumthi ojikelezayo, ophakamileyo, ophakamileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzekelo omdala unokuba ngowama-2 kuya kweekhilomitha ezimbini ukuphakama. Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-3. Isithsaba sihambelana.

Imant - i-apula-umthi wohlobo oluxubekileyo lwefruiting. Ikota yeemeko zentyatyambo ziqhamo zeziqhamo kunye nomkhonto. Inika isivuno minyaka yonke. Emva kokungena ngexesha elisebenzayo lokuvelisa i-fruiting ngonyaka, ukuya kwi-25 kg yeeapile ziqokelelwa emthini omnye. Lo mfanekiso ophezulu. Ukusuka kwihektare ungaqokelela iitoni ezingama-18 zeziqhamo.

Iindidi zifanelekileyo ukulima kwezoshishino. Kwiindidi ezininzi, zibandakanya ukulima kwenani lemveliso, i-apula imithi ithatha indawo yayo.

Inkcazo yeziqhamo

Iipulo zikhulu-malunga ne-180-200 nganye nganye. Ubume besiqhamo sasijikelezwe, sidibanisa, sidibene. Imant yi-apula-mthi, umbala ophezulu weziqhamo zawo uluhlaza, kwaye umbala wokugqithisa unobomvu obomvu ngombala obomvu. Iquka malunga nesiqhamo sonke. Ngoko ke, ekuqalekeni, ii-apula zibonakala zibomvu.

Inyama yesiqhamo i-creamy, i-tinge eluhlaza. Ukuhambelana nokuxhamla, kuluhlaza, kunambitha okumnandi, kumnandi kakhulu, kodwa kungabi mnqamlezo. Iingqungquthela ziqikelela ukunyaniseka kwazo kwiingongoma ezi-4.2.

Nganye iipulo iqulethe:

• Umba omile - malunga ne-22 g;
• Iishukela - 20 g;
• I-Ascorbic acid - 17 g.

Imigangatho yokukhula

Iindidi zeepula zemithi ezingapheliyo ukukhula. Izityalo zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngoDisemba. Zigcina iimpawu zazo kwaye zigcinwa kude kube ngo-Ephreli, kwaye ziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa-kude kube ngoJuni.

Abadali

Uphi umthi we-apula we-Imant owadalwa? Umsunguli yi-RUE "IQumrhu Lokukhula Kwezityalo" ukusuka eBelarus. Iqela lezenzululwazi lifumene ngenxa yokuwela iindidi zeNkululeko kunye neAnteus. Igama lithetha ukuba ligonywe, oko kukuthi, ukulwa nezifo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngo-1999, yahanjiswa kwi-intanethi yovavanyo lwamaqela, kwaye ngo-2005 lwafakwa kwiRejista yeentlobo ezijoliswe ekuhlaleni.

Ungathenga njani umthi we- apula ?

Ngethuba lethu kuzo zonke iinjongo ezijoliswe ekuzalisekeni kwemithi yezithelo, kukho inamba enkulu yezimbewu. Ukuxhotyiswa ngomfanekiso omhle, bangela ukuba unqwenela ukufumana umthi. Kubonakala kuwe ukuba sele uvakalelwa kwintlephu yale apple, uziva unqabile.

Kodwa ngokuthe rhoqo abathengisi abanalo ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga neentlobo okanye bathengise abangasetyenziswayo abangenayo iimpawu eziyimfuneko. Ungathethi loo matyala apho esikhundleni soluhlu oluthile luthengiswa olunye.

Abathengi, ukuthenga izinto eziphathekayo eziphantsi kobuhlwempu "kwiindawo zokugada", fumana izityalo ezifutshane, ngokukhawuleza zifa ngenxa yesifo. Emva koko, akukho mntu uya kuvuma ukuphalaza umyezo wabo ukuya kuma-50 ngamaxesha ngexesha ngalinye. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhula iintlobo ezithile ukuze ufumane amaapulo ahlambulukileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuthenga umthi we-apula kungcono kunye nabaphumeleli abaqinisekisiweyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo wonk 'ubani owenza umsebenzi wokulima, kunjalo. Unokwenza umyalelo ngokuthe ngqo kumenzi.

Iingcali zithi ukuba ubuninzi bamazinga omzimba omzimba obuncinci ukujonga iimpawu azikhuseli. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kukho ukushisa okwaneleyo kunye nokukhanya. Abagadi balwazi abanomdla bacebisa ukuncedisa iimeko zendalo kunye nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi.

Ukukhethwa kwezityalo

Ukukhetha izityalo ze-aple Imant, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwiiparameters ezi:

• Ukukhula - ukuya ku-1.4 m.
• Indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ingumgama we-7 cm ukusuka kwingcambu.
• Isithsaba sinamasebe angama-4.
• Inkqubo yengcambu ephuhlisiwe (ukuba uthenge isithombo ngeprogram evulekile).
• Bark ngaphandle komonakalo.

Kutyalwa

Xa ukhulisa imithi ngesayizi yesithsaba esiqhelekileyo, apho umthi we-apula ungowona u-Imant, kucetyiswa ukuba utyalale kumgama wee-4m ukusuka komnye nomnye ngokulandelana. Kwizolimo zorhwebo, umgama phakathi kwemigangatho ngu-5 m.

Ukutshala izityalo kwindawo engunaphakade entwasahlobo, ngo-Apreli, okanye ngekwindla, ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba ukuya ku-Agasti. Ukuba abazange babe nexesha ngaphambi kweli xesha, kufuneka bawutyelele izithombo ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.

Umgodi wokutyala kufuneka ulungiswe kwangaphambili, kungekudala kweveki. Emva koko umhlaba, ukuhlalisa, awuyi kuphula iingcambu zesityalo. Ukutsalwa emva kokutshala akusayi kufikelela emhadini. Ubungakanani bayo bunama-100 x 70 x 70 cm. Uluhlu oluphezulu lomhlaba lufakwe kwinqanaba elinye, ngaphantsi kwelinye. Yongeza i-humus, i-charcoal, ithambo lesonka (iimbalwa ezimbalwa). Kuhle ukufaka isanti, i-peat.

Abagadi bezolimo banconywa ukuba bafake amathane okanye isinyithi esineziqhumane, iinqabhoko zamanqatha phantsi kwegodi.

Umhlaba, uxutywe kunye nezichumisi, ulala ulala kwisiqingatha somgodi. Emva koko kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwindunduma yomhlaba ocebileyo. Ukuphakama kwayo malunga ne-20 cm. Kutyalwe nge-seedling. Indawo yokunquma kufuneka ibheke ngasentla, kunye nepini ngasentla.

Ngasemva kwezimbewu, faka enye okanye ezimbini iigwegwe, ukusuka kumntla nakumazantsi. Baya kugcina imbewu kwaye bakhonze njengenkxaso. Ukuphakama kwabo akufanele kube ngaphantsi kweyure kunye neekhilomitha. Gxininisa iingcambu, ufefe ngokucophelela ngomhlaba, ukuze ungagcini. Ncipha ngobumnene unyawo.

Emva kokuba umthi utyalwe, ukususela emhlabathini ukuya kwindawo yokufakelwa kuyo kufuneka uhlale ubuncinane u-5 cm. Ukuba emva kwithuba elithile emva kokutshala umhlaba uhleli, ungazifefa umhlaba. Kodwa awukwazi ukuvumela ukubhaptizwa kwentamo.

Unxilise amanzi kuze kube yilapho amanzi ewela ngokungena emhadini.

Hlola i-trunk ingaphantsi kwengane yesine. Oku kuya kukhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela aso.

Ukuba sele sele zakhiwe, ziyazinqumla ukuze umqhubi aphezulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ukuthotyelwa komqhubi ophakathi.

Xa utyala ekwindla, ziqhekeza amaqabunga, zigubungela isihlahla somthi nge-lapnik okanye esinye isikhuselo esivela kwiinqwelo ezinqabileyo. Emva koko, isityalo asiyi kuba nexesha lokuthatha ingcambu, ngoko asiyi kukwazi ukujamelana nokushisa okuphantsi.

Ukunyamekela

Ukunisela, sebenzisa enye imbewu kwi-35 ilitha amanzi. Kule meko, ungaphinda inqubo kwiveki.

Xa i-apula ikhula, idinga ukutya rhoqo. Ingaba ngumgquba kumlinganiselo we-1:10, ukudonsa kweentaka (1:15 okanye 1:10 ukunyuswa kunye nokucoca ngamanzi acacileyo 1: 8). Khawuphendule kakuhle imithi ye-apple ukuqaliswa kwezinto (trax sulfate, boric acid). 2 g yezinto eziphathekayo kuthathwa ngetitha yamanzi.

Ukutshiza kwi- scab yomthi we-apula akuyimfuneko. Kodwa izinambuzane zinganciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Ngoko ke, ubuncinane amaxesha amabini ngexesha, baphathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bakhetha iikhemikhali, abanye basebenzisa iikhemikhali eziphilayo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba idlulele kubo ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini emva kokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.

Unyango lokuqala luqhutyelwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, emva kokuba i-buds iqale ukuqhakaza. Oku kuya kutshabalalisa izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo. Isihlandlo sesibini senziwe emva kokubunjwa kwe-ovary.

Ukunciphisa inani leenambuzane libuye lenziwe lula kubuninzi beentaka egadi. Banokukhatyelwa ngokufaka i-feeders ebusika okanye kwiintaka zeentaka entwasahlobo.

Ukwenziwa komkhosi

Imant-tree-apel-high-yield. Kodwa, ukuze ufumane isiqhamo esiphezulu, kufuneka uyenze ngokufanelekileyo isithsaba somthi.

Unyaka wonke udinga ukusika izicwangciso. Kususela ekuqaleni kokulima kufuneka kubenze ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko i-pruning yonyaka ingenziwa.

Ngomnyaka wesibini emva kokutyala, umqhubi ophakathi ugalelwe izintso ezininzi, ukhuphiswano lwawo lukhutshwe.

Amagatsha angama-skeletal afutshane afakwe kwisinye kwisithathu, iinjongo zisuke kwi-trunk. Ukusuka kuyo kuya kuqhubeka ukukhula kwendiza. Kwixesha elizayo, bancishiswe rhoqo ngonyaka kunye namasebe angaphantsi kwabo.

Umthi wonyaka wesithathu wobomi unqunywe ngendlela efanayo. Emva koko, hlengisa isithsaba, ususe amagatsha aqiniweyo.

Iziqhamo kwi-apula zenziwe kumasebe omnyaka odlulileyo. Bamele bahlale emva kokudubula ngendlela efanayo nabadala. Emva koko umthi uza kuba neziqhamo rhoqo.

Ukuprintwa kwenziwa kwintwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho i-buds ingaqali. Ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwe-sap, amanxeba emithini ahlala esondele ixesha elide, ngokukodwa xa indawo yokusika ichithwe kakuhle.

Ukuba umthi we-apula ungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ususe onke amasebe akhula phezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo abavelisi izityalo, bayazifihla iziqhamo. Ngenxa yoko, umbala awunjalo. Yaye ingcamango yimbi ngakumbi kuneziqhamo ezithe zafumana ilanga elaneleyo.

Emva koko ususe amagatsha aphukileyo, abonakaliswe. Ukukhula kunye neenkqubo zonyaka ezikhulayo okanye kwi-trunk. Emva koko, kufuneka kususwe, kuphela iminyaka embalwa ukwenza ukuba kube lula. Kwaye amanxeba, ngakumbi indawo yokunqunyulwa, eyona mibi kakhulu.

Ukuba kukho amasebe ekubhekiselele kuwo, angcono ukuba asuse. Enjalo phantsi kobunzima beapulo zihlala ziphuka, zilimaza i-trunk.

Ehlotyeni, amahlumela amancinci anokunqunyulwa, okuya kunceda ukwandisa ubungakanani besiqhamo kunye nokuvelisa iziqhamo zeziqhamo kwimveliso ezayo.

Izifo kunye nezinambuzane

Imant ngumthi we-apula, engaxhomeki kwisifo se-scab. Oku kuququzelelwa yi-gene Vf, eyaziswa kwinkqubo yokudala iindidi. Akunakonakaliswa ngophuka kunye nomhlaza.

Injongo

Iimpawu zemipula Imant uthi iindidi zithembisa kakhulu. Oku kuqinisekisile nokusetyenziswa kwayo kweshishini. Ukunyuka kwamafutha, ukunciphisa iindleko zokucwangcisa iikhemikhali kwenza ukulima kwemithi ye-apple i-Imant inenzuzo.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zinokulinywa kwiidiya ezizimeleyo. Nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abo bafuna ukukhuselwa kwisalathisi, ukunambitha okulungileyo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi obunokubaluleka kwelanga, kwenza kube mnandi kunoma yimuphi umyezo wegadi.

Uphononongo

Abagadi bezolimo ababandakanya ukulima kweefestile, baye baxabisa ixesha elide ukukhethwa kweBelarusian, okubandakanya i-Imant (i-apula). Iingqinisiso zibonisa ukuba kulula kwaye kulula ukunyamekela imithi. Ukuphakama okuncinci kubangela ukuba kulula ukusika nokuphatha ukususela kwiinyanyakazi. Ukuvuna kulula kunokuba nemithi ende.

Ukukholisa ngokukhethekileyo kubalimi kukuxhatshazwa kweendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-Imant.

Kwaye bathanda ntoni ukuba abalimi beligadi balimi i-aple cultivar Imant? Iingxelo zithi iziqhamo zigcinwa ixesha elide, ngelixa liba lihle kakhulu kwaye lihlaziye. Bafuna ukubonakala kakuhle kweeflethi.