Totalitarianism - inkqubo apho umntu uba esinamazinyo

Totalitarianism - i inkqubo yezopolitiko igunya, apho urhulumente ngoncedo arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ukumisela ulawulo zizonke yonke imiba yoluntu. Yohluka ukusuka authoritarianism - kwezinye ulawulo non-yedemokhrasi - ukuba uzama ukuba angene iingcamango, ubomi lobuqu, kwakunye neenkolelo zomntu ngamnye. Ezama ukunyanzela nokuba alungise ubomi bentsapho zabemi kwaye umisela inkqubo esweni iyonke.

Ngomhla kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union zisafumaneka phakathi abemi nostalgic ngokuba ngemihla kuStalin ukubandezeleka balangazelele "isandla". Bona umelana nabo baneembono ezahlukeneyo, zathi totalitarianism - i kwiStalinism. Bakhombe sivune imfundiso yakhe kwiimpikiswano zilandelayo: embusweni Stalin kaThixo alawula kwiimbono olusemthethweni "Marxism-noLenin", nto leyo kwafuneka ukuba makwabelwane ngayo ngabo bonke abemi. Ukuthembeka kule zokulindelekileyo kwixesha elizayo zaye ukubonisa zonke nakuyo yonke indawo - umzekelo, ukubhekisela impumelelo enkulu yolawulo bobusoshiyali ngaphambi imisebenzi bade nopolitiko zabaphengululi kwimathematika.

Ingxoxo yesibini ukuba totalitarianism - lo kwiStalinism, kukuba xa Kwilizwe qumrhu elo xesha ukucwangcisa ulawulo yamapolisa, kwaye lilonke. Ukususela enkulisa Bakhuthaza imvakalelo ukuba lonke eli lizwe yokuphila yayijikelezwe ziintshaba, zombini zangaphandle - "amazwe kaplagerya" lwama-impiriyali kunye zangaphakathi - saboteurs ngubani yokuhlaselwa. Oku "utshaba zabantu" kungaba nayiphi ngummi, kunye nabantu abaninzi babesoyika yabaMeli ezizodwa isakhiwo ngamandla onke - i Cheka, NKVD, kamva KGB.

Bakhetha ukuba totalitarianism - oku kwiStalinism, kwaye ibonisa inkqubo lweqela elinye karhulumente. I-Communist Party of absolutism yembono ivelisa - wonke "deviationism" ngenkohlakalo kutshutshiswa. Yonke imibutho, kwabeendaba kunye nemfundo zixhomekeke iqela okhoyo. Bonke abemi ndayihluthwa ilungelo okukhulayo. Economy kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente, naliphi na ishishini labucala ibonwa nje ukuphazamisa kwi ezingalawulwayo ingeniso esivelisa. Yandile omkhulu usebenzisa abasebenzi inceku (Gulag).

Ngoko ke yintoni owavela njengokuba nostalgic zethu ezinye bamphetheyo zethu? Ukuba kubi kakhulu, ngoko kutheni a luvo onjalo umfanekiso 'zonke ezinye iimbaleki "yaye" nguyise weentlanga' Stalin? Ewe, i-eSoviet Union of-1930 yaba kolawulo yileyo, kodwa kwixesha elizayo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba njalo kuxokwa-. Kamva inkqubo yiSoviet, kunoko, esiza phantsi inkcazelo authoritarianism. Ezi nkqubo zimbini urhulumente ongenalawulo lwentando yesininzi - authoritarianism kunye totalitarianism - ezininzi ezifanayo, kodwa umahluko ebaluleke kakhulu. Inkqubo yokuqala akuthethi kufuna ukungena ze liseke ulawulo phezu yonke imiba yoluntu, kuphela yezopolitiko nonqulo nemibono.

Xa authoritarianism kukho umaleko labantu uvakalelwa ngaxeshanye ukhululekile kunye ekhuselekileyo - izixeko ezikhulu abasebenza waseUSSR, abakumgangatho ophakathi phantsi General de Gaulle e France, ezi mveliso ezinkulu phantsi Pinochet. Phantsi ukhuseleko totalitarianism angacingi mntu, ngaphandle elite sigqibo. Imbali zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini igcwele kolawulo ezikhethekileyo ezifana. Wazalwa elithi "totalitarianism" eItali of uMussolini, kodwa wafumana ukubonakala kwayo ezininzi kakhulu kancinane - ngo lwamaNazi yesiThathu Reich ideology uHitler ngayo i-Khmer Rouge, Maoism, Turkmenistan phantsi Turkmenbashi kunye ngcinga "Juche" e North Korea