Nomkroli Antokolsky Mark Matveevich: engobomi, usapho, umsebenzi

Eli nqaku liza kuthetha nomkroli ANTOKOLSKY. Lo mntu idume ngendalo yakhe emangalisayo, apho kuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Njengoko Mark Matveevich waphila, yintoni ubomi bakhe? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo inokufumaneka kwinqaku.

ebuntwaneni

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky wazalwa ngo-1840, ngomhla we-2 Novemba. amadoda Ifani lusukela igama kwihlomela-Vilnius Antakalnis, apho wayehlala yonke intsapho. UMarko uye waba bazalwana-8 kunye noodade. Bonke wazalelwa kwintsapho yamaYuda. Umama notata waphila ezifanelekileyo, njengoko abantu baye kunokuba amahlwempu. Ngelo xesha linye ingqalelo yahlawulwa unqulo. Noko ke, yena akanamdla ingakumbi Mark omncinane, lowo esemncinane waziva nomdla ekubhaleni. Ekubeni le nkwenkwe lakusondela oko wayefuna apho wayefuna, abazali ngayo uthando lwakhe ekuqaleni olova ke ezimbi. Kodwa ke isizathu nje kuphela - abazange bafune ukubona igcisa yakhe inzala. Noko ke, njengokuba ixesha lihamba, nentliziyo yabazali wathamba ngexesha babebukele iinzame umntwana wakhe. Xa uMarko wakhula yaye ngokucacileyo saba yayitalente umzobo, yena wathunyelwa ukuba bafunde le bemifanekiso iinkuni. Lo mfo abaqeqeshwe ngokukhawuleza yaye kungekudala nje ngaphaya utitshala wakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, omnye yuntse italente wayesele esaziwa ngabantu abaninzi.

nomkroli elizayo abanomdla umfazi Antokolsky Wilna Jikelele V. Nazimova, owanceda iitalente abaselula. Kuyinto ngenxa ubenokuqina yakhe Relations UMarko wathabatha kufunda Academy of Arts. Wanikwa ukuba ivolontiya kwiklasi imikrolo.

Le mpumelelo lokuqala

Sele 1864, i-Mark Matveevich Antokolsky lifumana imbasa yesilivere ngenxa yoncedo eliphezulu "umYuda-yenza" wadala. Emva kokuba umsebenzi onzima kwiminyaka emine mfo ifumana ibhaso yegolide ukukhululeka eliphezulu osihloko sithi "The itshivela."

Hi ndlela leyi, lo gama umfundi kwi-Academy of Arts mfo ngokugqibeleleyo kakuhle ulwimi Russian, kwakunye nomdla esebenzayo kwiincwadi Russian kunye nembali. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba wathetha Yiddish ekhaya. Ziyathabatheka yinkcubeko Russian, udala oqingqiweyo "Ivan Grozny" ngo-1970, nto leyo iphakamisa ukuba iphantse esibhakabhakeni - a nomkroli oselula Antokolsky wafumana itayitile academician esikolweni sakhe. NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna, ngubani umxhasi Academy of Arts, weza uvuyo olungathethekiyo xa emehlweni umsebenzi kaMarko. Yaba yena lowo wathetha ngale ndoda abanetalente ndodana kumthetheli uMlawuli Alexander II, apho lo oqingqiweyo ngayo kanye. Wada wagqiba ekubeni kusithenga Hermitage waza ukusebenza 8 lamawaka engange, ngelo xesha kwakukho isixa esikhulu semali.

ixesha lokuvuthwa

Antokolsky Mark Matveevich, ogama engobomi esixubusha, emva kokuphumelela Academy wagqiba ukuya eParis neRoma. Hi ndlela leyi, ngaloo mihla kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba baphumelele. Oko kukuthi, lo mkhwa. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ukuze umntu abe yinkosi elungileyo, yaye nako ukuzisa into entsha, kwafuneka ukubona umsebenzi magcisa aphambili kwi original kwaye ukuba ndibhaptize ngokwabo kwi umoya yenkcubeko. Monument kuPetros 1 baseTaganrog akhawulwe sculpture naxa uqeqesho kwi-Academy, kodwa ke umsebenzi ngayo, waqala kuphela eRoma. Okuhamba, umntu ke waba ngumphefumlo ehambelana lilungu Paris Academy. Sele 1878 ubonisa indalo yakhe intle kwi lo Mboniso yeHlabathi eParis. Hi ndlela leyi, Peter 1 lesikhumbuzo baseTaganrog igqalwa nje enye engcono.

UMkroli Antokolsky wafumana ibhaso ziphezulu kwaye IMbasa iButho iMbeko. Emva kwexesha elithile, indoda ibe efanayo ilungu zezifundiswa ezininzi eNtshona Yurophu: eLondon, Vienna, eBerlin kunye nabanye.

kweminyaka kamva

Ngowe-1889, indoda kudala oqingqiweyo "Nestor umkhumbuzi." kweminyaka 2 kamva nomkroli uzalisa eminye imisebenzi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: oqingqiweyo bobhedu "Ermak" kunye majolica "Yaroslav Mudry."

Ukongeza eqingqiweyo, uMarko wabhala kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. amanqaku akhe zobuciko wapapasha ezahlukeneyo iimagazini eYurophu. Ngowe-1887 wapapasha "Autobiography 'bakhe, yaye kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena wabhala inoveli" uBhen-uIsake "ayezinikele ubomi sakhe kumaYuda.

Emva kokufa ethi indoda enkulu lipapashwe "Mark Matveevich Antokolsky. ubomi bakhe, umsebenzi, iincwadi kunye namanqaku. "

Antokolsky wafa e Frankfurt am Main, kodwa abanye bathi wanikezela esibhakabhakeni kwidolophu Bad Homburg. Ke wangcwatywa kumila samangcwaba yamaYuda eSt Petersburg. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ubuntwana ndoda likholwa, yintoni wahlala yonke imihla yakhe, ukugcina amasiko zobuYuda. Le ilitye ke Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso iTorah msongo, menorah kunye Star kaDavide.

usapho

Ke usapho, nomkroli engazihlambanga umfazi okanye abantwana. Usapho lwakhe uthathwa ukuba kadadewethu Elena Tarhanova, naye njengomzobi. Eli bhinqa etshate komzimba odumileyo Ivanom Tarhanovym. Nge Antokolsky kokuba nemizalwane imimoya, ngoko ke usoloko igcinwe kwebala, kunye namava nengxaki yoyilo.

anika umdla

Imifanekiso uphawu antokolsky edume kakhulu. Loo ndoda abanetalente waba nabalandeli ezininzi. Ababini kubo - nto Boris Schatz kunye kulya Ginzburg.

I Umfanekiso lokuqala Russian eyenziwe, nto leyo yathengwa kwi-West - ukusebenza Antokolsky "Tsar Ivan Vasilievich labangcangcazelisi." umsebenzi Acquired ngo Kensington Museum.

EJerusalem kukho esitratweni ekuthiwa emva Antokolsky.

"Ermak" yaye "Ivan Grozny"

Cinga ngomnye eqingqiweyo kakhulu umdla uphawu antokolsky - "Ermak". Okokuqala, masithi ukuba yonke imisebenzi eqingqiweyo ziqhutywa isimbo ngokoqobo, yaye kutheni zintle kangaka. Ukongezelela, siphawula ukuba nocoselelo nokucaca indalo yakhe. Umsebenzi kwi "Ermak" Antokolsky waqala ngo-1881. Ermak Timofeevich - wayekhe waphila. Eyaziwa isikhulu Cossack eyakhokela ekoyiswa eSiberia kurhulumente Russian. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba uMarko, ngubani wayenomdla gqitha kwimbali Russian, zatsala nani Ermak. Yaye ingcamango iye amaphepha umhla ngeenxa - le tercentenary le ekoyiswa eSiberia. "Top" abamini iya kufika ngexesha elifanayo ixesha wayalela ngokusemthethweni ukwakha imikrolo.

Nangona yokuba le ncwadi kukho iinkcazelo ezaneleyo uTshawe, Antokolsky efuna ukudlulisela umfanekiso ocacileyo, ukubonisa iimvakalelo. Phambi kwakhe umsebenzi ukudala umfanekiso kwakuya zimelwe ngamandla umoya lonke abantu Russian. Okumangalisayo kukuba, Mark Matveevich okunene bakwazi ukuvelisa zonke iimpawu zobuso yomntu omnye. A inani elikhulu zomntu ukunyanzela ngokobukhulu namandla alo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba sikrweqe ekungxoleni wenza ngokuchanileyo enkulu bombhalo zembali. Ixesha elininzi neenzame eyayichithwa indalo le Umfanekiso emangalisayo, kodwa eneriseka ngayo.

Umfanekiso "Ivan Grozny" yaba umsebenzi yokuqala enkulu yabantu. Le indalo lwenziwa kunye ingqalelo ingaqhelekanga iinkcukacha. Nanko ukumkani ehleli etroneni ephakamileyo, emagxeni akhe legqunyiwe ingubo ethambileyo, kwaye ezinyaweni zakhe - amandla phezu lonke elo lizwe. Iyamangalisa indlela ngayo sculpture omnye Marc Antokolsky akwazi ubonise phantse bonke abantu abanamava kwaye kwakubalulekile kuye. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, ukumkani kwafuneka aye nge kangaka, kutheni yena ekwaluphaleni kwakhe luloyiko. Noko ke, ukumkani kunzima kakhulu ukuvuma iimpazamo zabo, yaye kuba ibheke umva, iyenza khangela njengomntu omdala izisebenzele. Nangona ulwazi yezono zakhe, unako ukucela uxolo, kutheni kuba nzima.

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky: "Ukufa uSocrates"

Le mbono wazalwa ukusuka ngumbhali 1874. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emininzi imisebenzi yoMdali azaliswe idrama yangaphakathi, ingakumbi kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo iinkcuba yamandulo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngo 1877.

USocrates bakhethe: ukulahla izimvo zakhe okanye afe. Sazi wakhetha indlela yesibini. Umsebenzi we sculpture ukuba ubonise ukuphela ezingisayo ubomi kunye nobukhulu yokuziphatha feat. Ngu Mark Matveevich wathi wayefuna ukwenza sculpture ngexesha yokufa kaSocrates, ukuba ziveza intlekele enkulu ngayo abantu bafe ngenxa izimvo zabo.

Sasidla ngokuthetha ngendlela ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi nomkroli Antokolsky. indlela bakhe ubomi ngokupheleleyo hayi nje iimbalasane, kodwa imiqobo. Ngaphandle kwezinye ngaphakathi, umntu ngeenkani waya phambili nokwenza izinto ozithandayo, libatshayele kwimfezeko.