Klement Gottwald - Czechoslovak Stalin

Klement Gottwald, omnye nga fambisaniki yokuqala Czechoslovak wamaKomanisi. Kwakhona batyelela inkokheli yeqela kunye inkulumbuso, kunye nomongameli beli lizwe. Kuba ngoxa kukho nkqu ukunqulwa Gottwald kwaye bamqhola umzimba wakhe wokuqala waba isifundo yoboniso loluntu yamangcwaba. igama lakhe kwathiwa igama isixeko kwaye izitalato nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaziwa ngokuba Czechoslovak Stalin. Makhe sijonge ngobomi kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo.

Ulutsha kunye amanyathelo okuqala njengenkokeli

Klement Gottwald wazalwa ngo-1896 kwisixeko Austria-Hungarian Wischau (nguye ngoku Czech Republic wabiza Deditse). Wakhulela kwintsapho umlimi, abangazange watshata. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, oziphethe elizayo wayesebenza umphathi phezu kwemithi ebomvu, wafunda eVienna. Ngo-1912 waye wajoyina i-Social Democratic Party. Awathunyelwa umkhosi Austria-Hungarian ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, walwa ngaphambili empumalanga. Ngowe-1921, waba ngomnye wabaseki Communist Party yaye wancedisa xa ukupapashwa kwiphephandaba yayo e Bratislava.

isuka

Imisebenzi ye umongameli elizayo yeCzechoslovakia uqala ukuya ngokukhawuleza ukuya yee-eko zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngowe-1925 waba kunyulwa Central Committee Party, yaye ngo-1929 waba nguNobhala-Jikelele. Kulo nyaka Gottwald komthunywa National Assembly yeCzechoslovakia njenge MP. Ngowe-1935 yena wenza kunobhala Comintern kwaye ushiye isithuba kuphela emva kokupheliswa yokugqibela ngo-1943. Emva kokuba Isivumelwano eMunich ngo-1938 Klement Gottwald waya eSoviet Union, apho wachitha iminyaka esixhenxe ezayo elubhacweni enyanisweni. Ukusuka apho, eqalisa ukuba akhokele uxhathiso lwamaKomanisi eCzechoslovakia.

Wezopolitiko Klement Gottwald: ibhayografi senkokeli yepati

NgoMatshi 1945, Eduard Benes, umongameli intloko pre-imfazwe kunye norhulumente-in-ekuthinjweni eLondon ukususela 1941, wavuma ukwenza National Front ngokusebenzisana ndawonye. Gottwald xa leli dili waya kwisikhundla sokuba ngusekela mongameli. Njengoko nemicimbi iqela, ngoko wamnika isithuba sikaNobhala Jikelele URudolf Slansky, waza wathabatha kwindawo entsha nguSihlalo.

Kunyulo 1946 wakhokelela amandla yakhe yezopolitiko epalamente nge ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo ekhulwini kuvotwe. Yaba isiphumo ngcono kwimbali wamaKomanisi yeCzechoslovakia. Kodwa ngehlobo lika-1947 ukuthandwa eli qela yaqala ukuna ngokukhawuleza, yaye abaninzi ababukeleyo babecinga ukuba Gottwald ukuphulukana nesikhundla sakhe. Ngelo xesha Italy kunye neFransi waqalisa ukunyanzela ndawonye ukusuka sokusebenzisana, kunye iosif Stalin wacebisa Gottwald ukwenza nantoni na ukuze bahlale ngamandla umkhosi omnye kuphela. Lonke elo xesha, sezopolitiko ngathi ukusebenza kurhulumente. Enyanisweni, yena elungiselela iyelenqe. Umdlalo phezu ngoFebruwari 1948, xa iKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa yayalela uMphathiswa Interior Nosek Vaslav ayeke ukungenisa ngabasemagunyeni ndawonye kuphela. Wala ngenkxaso Gottwald. Ke balungiseleli karhulumente 12 barhoxa. Gottwald lisengozini loqhankqalazo jikelele senzeka kubo ndawonye. Benes wazama ukuxhathisa, kodwa phantsi Usongo lokuhlasela Soviet yanikezela. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili Klement Gottwald waba ndoda inamandla eCzechoslovakia.

Phezulu kwamandla

NgoMeyi 9, 1948 iNdibano yesiZwe lamkele siseko omtsha lo lizwe. Wayesele procommunist kangangokuba Beneš wenqaba ukusayina kuyo. NgoJuni, wayeka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva wonyulwa Gottwald ngumongameli. Ekuqaleni, inkokeli entsha lizwe wazama ukugcina inkqubo sasemthethweni esinelungelo lokuwisa elizimeleyo, kodwa emva kokudibana kunye Stalin bulula watshintsha indlela. Klement Gottwald, abaqala uprinte iifoto phezu kumaphepha phambi onke amaphephandaba yeCzechoslovakia, kwixesha elifutshane lonke ilizwe uhulumeni kushishino kunye nezolimo collectivized bonke. Urhulumente waqala ukumelana enamandla inguqulelo enjalo. Ke Gottwald uqala ukuqhuba ukucocwa. Okokuqala ke banishes evela kurhulumente ukubopha bonke abo bangazange babe ndawonye, kwaye ke iqela lakhe, abangazange ungavumelani naye. Amaxhoba zezi uthe waqala Rudolf Slansky kunye noMphathiswa Foreign Vlado Clementis (wadubula ku-1952), kwakunye amakhulu nabanye abantu babulawa okanye bavalelwa entolongweni. Umbhali Czech Milan Kundera , kwi "Incwadi Ukuhleka kunye sobomi bethu 'yakhe ubalisa ityala, nto leyo uphawu ukuba inkokeli uhlobo kaStalin, njengoko ngumpolitiki Klement Gottwald. Yiba nomfanekiso it on February 21, 1948 ubonisa uMongameli emi ecaleni Vlado Clementis. Xa kweminyaka emibini kamva ngokuchasene yokugqibela ityala lokungcatsha, umfanekiso umphathiswa owayesakuba wabulawa ze karhulumente.

Ukufa. Basala emva Gottwald

Iminyaka emininzi, imigaqo-nkqubo ziye ubunzima ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Isibini leentsuku emva kokuya komngcwabo Stalin ngowe-1953 waye wagula. Wafa March 14, 1956, eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu. Umzimba wakhe ngemithi wafakwa yamangcwaba, waza waqalisa ukunqulwa zobuntu bakhe kweli lizwe. Kodwa kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, yena sitshisiwe aze angcwatywa lokungcwaba evaliweyo. Bathi ukuba umzimba waqalisa ukubola, kuba oososayensi baye lizama nokwakheka laloo nto. Kwaye emva kokuphela Communism kweli lizwe kothuthu bakhe iintsalela ezinye iinkokheli amabini iqela zaye angcwatywa kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo e Prague emadlakeni Olshany. Xa yee- emva kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini iinzame ukushicilela umfanekiso nguye engamaphepha Czech, kodwa kwathathwa ukuze kakubi, ukuze zonke ezi amatyala sele ukhutshiwe ukusetyenziswa.