US Communist Party, xa lusekiwe, ideology, imisebenzi

Ngowe-1919, kubomi ntliziyo ezopolitiko waseMelika ekwabelwana le ngcinga Marxism-noLenin, yaba sisiganeko esikhulu: kumaqela abo ezimbini, enye apho elikhokelwa Charles Ruthenberg, kwaye eyesibini Dzhon Msuseni, wakwazi ukuba bamanyane, yaye ngenxa yoko ke wazalwa Communist Party of the United States of America .

Qala ukwakheka party

Ukususela ekuqaleni ikhona, kwathi phantsi eendaba nzima American loBulungisa, waba into lothotho izenzo zomkhosi ezijolise ekulweni ekuthiwa "nolu ebomvu". Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ubuncinane edume "Palmer iyangena" nxamnye leftists kunye anarchists zonke iintlobo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo.

igama layo ngoku US Communist Party iphumelele kuphela ngo-1929, ngexesha elidlulileyo kwathiwa Party Workers 'waseMerika. Kufuneka waqaphela ukuba kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX ukuba iqela inelona futhe likhulu ngengqiqo Marxist.

Amaxesha nokuwa

Phakathi iintshukumo ezininzi zezopolitiko uzama ngandlela omnye okanye omnye kuchaphazela sabasebenzi American, indima abaninzi abadumileyo yintshukumo yabasebenzi loo minyaka saba i US Communist Party. TSB - i Encyclopedia Great Soviet - unikela ubungqina bokuba kweli xesha, ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka abantu baba amalungu ayo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, umsebenzi iqela ayokufikelela ngo-1939.

Noko ke, kukho ukuhla kakhulu ukuthandwa amaKomanisi yabonwa kwi ngamahlanu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezininzi kucaca kufutshane zabo, njengoko kanti, hayi nentsebenziswano akanamdla norhulumente waseUSSR, kwakunye nenkxaso kuzo zonke iintlobo "left omtsha" kunye "nempi".

imali dirty

Kwakungekho esiyinyani, ekubeni zabhala nkqu 1987, eSoviet amaKomanisi bathunyelwa-akhawunti oogxa babo phesheya phantse zizigidi ezithathu zeerandi. Noko ke, emva koko weza perestroika kunye M. S. Gorbachov ubavale iimali zabo zemali.

Njengoko Kwazeka oko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Communist Party yaseUnited States wayengenguye ivila CPSU luyalambatha ngokuthembeka bezichankcisa imali. Uninzi izakhiwo zawo zibe phantsi kolawulo ngqo GRU kunye NKVD. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokutsho kwabo njengoko baseMerika, uninzi lwabo enetyala kusetyenziswana inkonzo yezobuntlola yiSoviet, babengamalungu Communist Party.

NgoJulayi 1948, i-Congress US yabamba kwetyala esidlangalaleni kwityala eli. Amangqina engundoqo Whittaker Chambers kunye Elizabeth Bentley - arhente lalisakuba yiSoviet, kwakunye namalungu ezininzi Communist Party, wagwetyelwa zaseMelika. ubungqina babo bubonisa imiyalezo radio ngokungenakuphikiswa buyisela ubhalo oluqhelekileyo sa eUnited States. I-Communist Party, sele yilahleko xesha abantu njengoko ngenxa yezi nokudiziweyo ifumene umfanekiso "column yesihlanu."

maxesha anzima

Xa Ekuveleni novalo, kunye namashumi omahlanu, malunga omnye anamanci amaKomanisi mane, kuquka elikwisikhundla esiphezulu amalungu iqela ngamagosa yayo, isigqibo senkundla bavalelwa ezahlukeneyo entolongweni. Isiseko oku umthetho, eyaziwa ngokuba "uSmith Act" unika izohlwayo kwabo ngendlela enye okanye elinye igalelo ukubhukuqwa urhulumente esemthethweni.

Ngenxa yokuba iindidi zemisebenzi eziwela phantsi inqaku umthetho uchazwe nalezo, ngoncedo wayo ungathumela ejele naziphi na izinto ngaphandle, yaye ngokufuthi wasebenzisa amandla of America. Kwangaxesha nye, umbutho wabasebenzi baba nkongolo yesizwe, apho kwagqitywa ukuba singasondeli kwinani elinanye zabo imibutho zemanyano yabasebenzi, leyo inkxaso Communist Party USA. Ngoko ke, lo yintshukumo yabasebenzi iye yabonisa umnqweno wakhe kude kuye evela kumbutho yavezwa yezopolitiko.

xesha "McCarthyism"

Ukususela ekuqaleni baloo mashumi angamahlanu kweli lizwe waqalisa ukuhamba ekuthiwa-McCarthyists - abaxhasi US Senator Dzhozefa Reymonda McCarthy, ethetha ukuba ingcinezelo ebonakalayo Communist naziimvakalelo anti-American eluntwini. isikhundla sakhe inkxaso ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu, leyo kuxhotyiwe imeko sele kunzima apho kwakukho Communist Party USA. A ukuvalwa umsebenzi yayo ayenziwanga zamiselwa, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, uzinzo kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi wombutho izanyazanyiswa ngamandla.

On top of iingxaki imisebenzi wamaKomanisi waba watshutshiswa phantsi FBI efakwe kuloo minyaka yenkqubo ukucinezela imisebenzi anti-kurhulumente kunye zaseMelika. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba amalungu amaninzi eziqhelekileyo lowo, engafuni ukuba unengxaki ephuma ubulungu zayo kunye nezo amagosa abo ngxi inkululeko, wangxama ukubhengeza esidlangalaleni ukunyaniseka kwabo ngabasemagunyeni.

Wemvula le Party nasezirenkini gqira

Xa gqira, Communist Party of a ezimbalwa eUnited States zenyuse imisebenzi yayo ngeendleko okungena yakhe nempi - amalungu intshukumo loluntu uxolo eli ligatya iingxaki ngamazwe ngeendlela zomkhosi. Ngelo xesha kwi ndakukhupha ngamaKomanisi ayazimbela Left Entsha.

Yiyo le abameli bemibutho ye ingqiqo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, kodwa ideology yayo yahlala indawo ekhohlo kakhulu. Angamfuni ukungabikho ngokomoya behlabathi yasentshona, umnqweno abaninzi bafune nokusebenzisa kukwaphula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. iinkokeli zamaKomanisi kwiminyaka luxhaswe elwela amalungelo abantu, intloko yayo kamva wabulawa Martin Luther King.

Party ukwahlula ekupheleni yee-

Umsantsa phakathi ngamaKomanisi yaye Communist Party of America wathabatha indawo yee- emva kwexesha, xa wagxeka ngokutsha eqhutywa eRashiya. inkululeko enjalo iye alahlekelwe kakhulu, kwaye ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi. Ukususela ngowe-1989, i-yesicelo luyekiwe liyinika ngenkxaso-mali.

Ukungabikho kwemali ihlunguzela le intransigence ezizinzululwazi amanye amaqabane yaseMelika, kwaye kwiseshini ezimangalisayo lowo ebibanjwe ngo-1991, ngokuba ngenxa yokulahlwa kwe noLenin kunye yokuziqhelanisa kusingiselwe socialism lwentando yesininzi.

Ezi "refuseniks", Kuyavunywa ukuba, kweli abambalwa, uze emva koko kwaphuma ukwakhiwa Party, waseka umbutho lizimele. Noko ke, ukuhamba kwakhe benza kuqhekeka ezintlwini ndawonye, ngaloo ndlela buthathaka kakhulu oogxa bakhe ANC.

Itheko, leyo uphika ubundlobongela

Phakathi intshukumo yehlabathi yezopolitiko, ngokuvakalisa njongo yayo iphambili wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali, kubalulekile kwaye Communist Party USA. Le ngcinga party, ke, ligxile ngokupheleleyo kwi yenguqu enoxolo kwiifom yali olawulo kunye kwesizwe zonke iindlela ezisisiseko kwimveliso.

AmaKomanisi American, xa isicelo sabo, musa kwamkela naziphi na iintlobo zobundlobongela, ezijolise ukutshintsha inkqubo ekhoyo. Ngenxa yokuba oku kuyo yonke imbali yayo, noko akuvumelekanga yi-US Communist Party, nangona ngokuphindaphindiweyo yathotyelwa kwimeko kwingcinezelo kwabasemagunyeni.

ukugxeka Joint emphakathini yamaphephandaba

Xa sithelekisa inkqubo Communist Party of America oxwebhu olunye, oogxa babo eSoviet, ukuba kunye ezifanayo ezininzi ukutsala ingqalelo ngokwabo, yaye umahluko omkhulu. kubenza Yintoni ngaphezu kwabo bonke ukugxeka kuluntu eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe kwipropati yabucala.

Le program yaseMelika, umzekelo, oluninzi ingqalelo ehlawulwa yokuba capitalism mihla, esebenzisa amandla eendaba phantsi kolawulo lwayo, ukwahlula abasebenzi kunye namahlakani ayo yenza ukusetyenziswa kakhulu izenzo ezinjalo engafanelekanga, ukuhlwayela anti-ubukomanisi, ubuntshovu-kazwelonke, nokonyanywa kwamaJuda, bekufika akakenzi .

iindlela ezahlukeneyo eliqela imiba ngoku-

Nangona kunjalo, inani lamanqaku yeprogram American iya ngaphaya ekucingwa eyamkelwe yiSoviet Union. Ngokomzekelo, xa kungekho ndlela engangqinelaniyo iingqiqo Soviet yokuziphatha isimo sabo malunga nemiba enxulumene kwiingxaki abambalwa ngesondo nesini. Mu kuya kwa nshita imigangatho yiSoviet yokucinga, amaKomanisi phesheya cinga uluntu LGBT ungamandla eqhubela phambili, ogama indima kuthechu ukwanda apha ekuhlaleni, yaye anokuba ngenkxaso ethembekileyo kumzabalazo ekufezekisweni kweenjongo.

Ngokwembono yabo, bekufika nokuhlaselwa amalungu abambalwa ngokwesini izixhobo ezandleni lweziqalelo ekunene-iphiko, ijolise ikakhulu ngokudala uqhekeko kwaphikisayo. Le nkqubo ithi, Ukuqhubeka phezu iingcinga egqwethekileyo yokuziphatha kunye nosapho values, ilungelo lokuba bangazama ukusebenzela inzuzo yabantu bobulili phakathi kwabasebenzi kwaye umtsalane kwicala layo.

Eyona engundoqo zibonelelo zenkqubo American Communist

Esinye izinto kwinkqubo yayo American amaKomanisi kubhengeza yomzabalazo amalungelo bambalwa ngokwesini. Kakade ke, nantoni na efana naleyo yamaziko angabalingane bawo eSoviet zange iyophela. Kukho nezinye ezahlukene ezininzi kwiinkqubo wamaKomanisi, ezahlulwe ulwandle.

Namhlanje, izibonelelo eziphambili Communist Party of America nkqubo ukulwa ngenxa yobunye sabasebenzi nokuzabalazela zonke iintlobo zocalulo lobuhlanga, bekufika kunye nobuhlanga. Enye yeemfuno kukuseka amaholo wesizwe zeedola elinambini ilixa, yaye ukumisa loshushiso emthethweni. Ukongeza, amaKomanisi kusithenga ekurhoxisweni amabutho Iraq kunye kunciphiso mali emkhosini.

Itheko wasinda iintshaba zawo

Namhlanje, Communist Party of the US, inani apho, ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, akukho ngaphezulu kwe elinesihlanu lamawaka abantu, wenziwe ziiseli ezincinane zisekelwe kwiiklabhu, iivenkile, amashishini kunye namanye amaziko ezahlukeneyo. Amatshantliziyo ezinjalo iiseli ebesoloko wakhuthaza ukufika yabasemzini intlanganiso yabo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba beze negalelo omtsha iingxoxo eziqhubekayo apho.

Nangona Communist Party yaseUnited States esekelwe kwimigaqo ezifanayo yembono njengoko onke amanye amaqela abangabaxhasi bakaMarx-Leninist, kunye nezabelo kunye nawo injongo, amaMelika, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, akaze abizwe ngokuba nobundlobongela evulekileyo ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo.

Nzima ukuba bathi, yintoni na ngakumbi - nobuntu, yokubala ebandayo kunye novakalelo olusisiseko self-kulondolozwe, kodwa yavumela American ngamaKomanisi ngokukhuselekileyo asinde neentshaba ezininzi eziye zibe yinxalenye yembali namhlanje.