Tower Bridge eLondon. Tower Bridge eLondon - Photo

Tower Bridge eLondon - enye ezaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini. Iingcambu zayo amanga isimbo Gothic yeVictorian na emthethweni, ukuba ngenkani ababhekisi phambili ukudala isakhiwo, ngokugcina indawo kufutshane Tower.

incazelo

Tower Bridge eLondon ngexesha elinye kunye pendant adjustable. Unqumle umlambo iThames, ibekwe kude kwiNqaba of London, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni elikhankanywayo, yaye baba luphawu lo mzi.

Ibhulorho iqulathe ezinde ezimbini eziqhagamshelene iindinyana ezimbini tyaba, eyenzelwe ukulungelelanisa amandla tye zeli ziinxalenye emsebenzini komhlaba kunye namaqela. Inxalenye nkqo bezimpi amacandelo emsebenzini kunye abasabela nkqo ye ezidibanayo ezimbini kulala abesezinqabeni ezimbini ezinkulu. Ukuphakamisa axis nokusebenza kwezixhobo ibekwe kumabala nqaba. Scheme ngoku umbala ibhulorho lisukela emva kunyaka 1977, xa lwalupayintiwe obomvu, omhlophe kunye oluhlaza lokubhiyozela iSilver iNtlokoma of Queen Elizabeth II. Ekuqaleni, yena blue-eluhlaza.

Isikhululo ekufutshane le London Ngokufihlakeleyo - «Tower Hill» kwi «Circle» imigca kunye «District», kunye Skytrain - «Tower Gateway».

Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo ethandwayo, ingoma «London friend Ezantsi» akunanto yakwenza Bridge Tower eLondon.

History of zokwakha

Izicwangciso zaye zaphuhliswa malunga 1876, xa inxalenye esempuma London uye enabantu abaninzi. Bridge phezu River iThames kule ndawo kwabonakala ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingxaki ephambili kukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kudlula iinqanawa kunye iimasti indihlupha chweba phakathi ibhulorho kunye Tower of London. Kwadlula iminyaka elinye isibhozo kunye eninzi ingxoxo malunga uyilo phambi kokuba ukwakha kwaqala.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki ewela umfula ngo-1877, kwasekwa ikomiti ekhethekileyo iibhulorho namatonela phantsi Nkosi Albert Dzhozefa Altmana, wabhengeza umnxeba kawonke izindululo. izicelo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zangeniswa, kuquka injineli yoluntu Nkosi Dzhozefom Bazalgette. novavanyo Project yayibiywe impikiswano, yaye kuphela 1884 yamkele projekthi engeniswe wezakhiwo isixeko Horace Jones ngokusebenzisana noYohane Vulfom Berri.

Ibhulorho sagqitywa ngowe-1894. iikontraki Five - Nkosi Dzhon Dzhekson (isiseko), uBaron Armstrong (hydraulics), Uilyam Vebster, Nkosi HH Bartlett, no Sir William Eroll kunye nabasebenzi phantse-450 abathatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo kwebhulorho. Kuba ukwakhiwa nakwiingqameko kwathabatha iitoni 11,000 ngentsimbi. Ngelo xesha, abantu abaninzi abazange ungathanda uyilo yakhe yeVictorian Gothic, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ibhulorho sele waba ngomnye iisimboli abadumileyo London. ngokusesikweni Kuye kwavulwa ngoJuni 30, 1894 Prince of Wales (kamva uKumkani Edward VIII) kunye nomfazi wayo - okweqanda of Wales (Alexandra of Denmark).

Ibhulorho elidityaniswe Iron Isango elunxwemeni ngasentla lomlambo kunye Horslidaun Lane ngasezantsi, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba kwebhulorho lokungena kunye Tower ka-Tower Bridge Road, ngokulandelelana. Phambi kokuba ukuvulwa kwebhulorho Subway Tower - 400 iimitha ukuya ngasentshona - yaba ndlela imfutshane ukuwela umlambo ukusuka Tower Hill ukuya Tooley Street Sautparke. Zisakhamisele ngo-1870, i-Tower Subway ngomnye wabantu bokuqala ehlabathini lwelayini komhlaba.

Xa yalivulayo Tower Bridge eLondon, uninzi ngeenyawo waya kuyo ngenxa yokungabikho intlawulo yokusetyenziswa. Lo msele yavalwa ngo-1898 ngenxa nokwenza inzuzo.

Tower Bridge eLondon - enye iibhulorho ezintlanu kwikomkhulu, ngoku xa sele esezandleni nokugcina "Bridge House Estates" - intsebenziswano non-nzuzo, umhlaba ophantsi kweliso City of London Corporation. Yeyona ibhulorho kuphela partnership, hayi edibanisa City of London ukuya kunxweme Sautpark; phuma yayo kumantla kukhokelela e Tower Hamlets.

nobuchwepheshe

Ukuba kufutshane Gulf kunye nolwandle ibekwe ngendlela efunwa sisakhono ibhulorho ukuba kudlula izitya ezinkulu. Kungoko kwenziwe isigqibo sokuba ukwenza incwadi yoyilo yokwahlukana leyo iya kuvulwa ukuze kuvumeleke intshukumo lwezikhephe. Indlela lufihlwe ezinde ezimbini. De kwangowe-1976, xa umbane, amandla umphunga yasetyenziswa zokumpompa amanzi nezihlanganisi hydraulic, nathe iinjini.

Ubude lonke ibhulorho yi iinyawo 800 (244 m) ukuphakama ezinde, eyakhelwe phezu - iinyawo 213 (65 m). Besandla central iinyawo 200 (61 m) yahlulwe iipleyiti ezimbini ngokulinganayo. Ngamnye kubo ngaphezu kokuba ububanzi m-30 kunye nobunzima 1,000 tonnes iya kuvulwa kwi-engile degrees 83. Kwindawo evulekileyo, ibhulorho na ukunyuka phantse 45 m Namhlanje lisingisa ukuphakama ayimfuneko enkalweni iphenyane .; ngaphandle lomsele inqanawa, bethwele kumkani. Kulo mzekelo, inxenye yobume waphakamisa ngokupheleleyo. Phambi kokuba ibhulorho wavula amaxesha phantse amahlanu ngemini, yaye namhlanje - amaxesha 1,000 kuphela ngonyaka. Lokuzalanisa izicwangciso kwangaphambili (ngokuba iinqanawa, njalo njalo. D.), Ngoko iindwendwe mabavule isiza ibhulorho uze ubone xa uza kuvuswa baze esehlisa. Intlawulo ukunyuka iya kuhlawuliswa.

asabela

Nangona bridge - oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo isikhonkwane, abahlalutyi zobungcali kwinkulungwane yama-20 zaye sokuthandabuza imbonakalo yakhe. "Yena vice na incasa embi kunye pretentiousness, ukuguqula izibakala Rule yale isakhiwo", wabhala HH Statham and Frenk Brengvin yathi "isakhiwo ngaphezu ezingenangqondo ngaphezu Bridge Tower, awulahlwa phezu komlambo qhinga".

ibhulorho ukutyelela

abakhenkethi ezininzi njalo ukuthatha imifanekiso kwisiqalo yale omkhulu. Unako kwakhona ukuya ngaphakathi ibhulorho, apho uya kufumanisa imbono zobungangamela London kunye okhoyo phakathi ezinde ezimbini. Ngaxa lithile, efanelwe elihle ezimbi oonongogo yokuhlala kunye pickpockets. Ukuba ukufikelela kuphela ngezinyuko, ukuba zisetyenziswe kunqabile kwaye ngeenyawo njengesiqhelo zavalwa ngo-1910. Re-kuvulwa ngo-1982 kwi-Tower Bridge Exhibition - mboniso, wabekwa iinqaba zonke zokunqumla ibhulorho kunye namagumbi yeVictorian injini. Apha uyakwazi kwakhona ukubona ngaphakathi Bridge Tower, iifoto, imifanekiso eshukumayo, ukubalisa amabali malunga izakhiwo emangalisayo. Of umdla ezithile iinjini zomphunga lokwenene. Ngexesha lo mboniso uya kuhlawuliswa.

Redecorating 2008-2012.

Ngo-Epreli 2008 kwabhengezwa ukuba Bridge Tower uya kubanjwa "facelift" iindleko 4 million uneemina. Umsebenzi ukhuhleka ipeyinti endala phantsi metal amkhuthuka repainting ngemibala eziluhlaza namhlophe. Icandelo ngalinye yayibiyelwe amahlathi kunye zeplastiki zokhuseleko ukuthintela ukuwa penti endala iThames kunye ungcoliseko umlambo. Ukuqala phakathi ku-2008, bakhi babesebenza ezona ikota ibhulorho ngaxeshanye ukuze siphephe iingxaki, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ukuvalwa indlela okukhulu.

Inkqubo yokudweba sagqitywa ngowe-2009. Kwathiwa wenziwe umsebenzi phezu ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo kwebhulorho izibane. Ngaphakathi zinakho ukubeka indlela Izibane multi-injongo eyenzelwe yi uEleni Shiarlis, njengoko zisetyenziselwa imiboniso kunye nezinye iinjongo. Zonke izinto ezifakwe ngendlela mihla ngaphandle koncedo wokugrumba. Ngoncedo sokukhanyisa Bridge wafumana umbono eyothusayo ebusuku.

Ihlaziya iintsontelo ezine ukunqunyanyiswa yagqitywa ngoMatshi 2010, kusetyenziswa inkqubo ukutyabeka yakutshanje efuna ukuya maleko ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo.

Kweli nqaku ungabona ukuguqula Tower Bridge, ogama iifoto ezibonisa ukwakhiwa ubuhle balo.

okunika umdla

Kukho banentsomi ukuba ibhulorho phantse yathengwa usomashishini American Robert Makkaloh ngo-1968 ukuya Uphatha eMissouri. Le nyaniso ukuba, nakuba kunjalo, wakhanyela.

NgoMeyi 1997, lo kaNksz Mkile kaMongameli Bill Clinton yahlulwa ngenxa yokuvulwa kwebhulorho.