Tower Bridge - London esangweni kunye umhombiso ephambili yesixeko

Kwanabo abangazange baye eNgilani, funda Tower Bridge ngoko nangoko. Yena - uhlobo umlinganiswa yaseBritani. Nyaka ngamnye, kufutshane kwebhulorho kwaye izithombe amawaka abakhenkethi bukela njengoko edadayo phantsi inkundla. Kwaye ebusuku, yena ezitsala ingqalelo amakhulu izibane ezivuthayo, ezibonakaliswa emanzini.

Uphi Tower Bridge

Ilizwe le izakhiwo omangalisayo - i-United Kingdom of Great Britain ne Northern Ireland. Yena lihombise ubukumkani ngokwayo ikomkhulu - London. Le elivulekayo ibekwe kanye ndisembindini wesixeko phezu uMlambo iThames.

Ngokubanzi, iibhulorho - nto ezinika London: Tower Bridge, Waterloo, London, kwiMillenium, Railway Bridge Cannon Street kunye Westminster (ecaleni Big Ben). Sekunjalo, owona mba ubalulekileyo kuwo Yimbonakaliso isixeko - ukuba Tower. Yena - ikhadi ishishini efanayo eLondon xa Eiffel Tower eParis okanye Statue of Liberty e Ny City. Umfanekiso kwale friend kunjalo ngokusondeleyo ikomkhulu UK, kubonakala nokuba nezolo. Noko ke, okumangalisayo nobukhali iifomu kwakhona kwaye kwakhona kubhadula ekucingeni abakhenkethi.

Apho wenza igama

History of the Bridge Tower edibene ibekwe ecaleni kwayo Tower of London - kuloo ndawo apho amakhonkxwa igcinwe. Eku sunguleni, de 1872, kanye ndisembindini wesixeko nje omnye Bridge London, lunanise phezu uMlambo iThames. abasemagunyeni London wagqiba ukuba akwanelanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa ezidolophini. Ngoko ke, kunyaka wathi, iPalamente yamkela isigqibo zokwakha iziko elitsha. Kwenzeka ukuba, kwingqwayi-ngqwayi Tower of London siphezu ukwakhiwa, kodwa iPalamente waphikelela. Kwagqitywa ukuba ibhulorho esilandelayo kwi ngokwakha kufuneka ekuphilwa ngempumelelo entolongweni. Kulapho ngokobungqongqo Bridge Tower.

igama layo, naye efunyenwe Tower of London. Isiphelo esemantla ibhulorho sele iqhele kufutshane ekoneni entolongweni. Indlela, nto leyo nokuqhubekeka ibhulorho ihamba eyayingqalene eludongeni Tower. Ngoko ke kuqala, ngubani Wahamba wanqumla kulo ibhulorho, akanguye basebukhosini eMonti kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni.

Ngumdali kwebhulorho

Ebusika 1876, abasemagunyeni e-London wabhengeza ukhuphiswano le projekthi intle ibhulorho kweso sixeko. Kuba lo msebenzi yabamba ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• kwafuneka abe phezulu Kwathi ngaphantsi oko vaka ibhulorho;
• kwafuneka ukuba bomelele yaye ububanzi ukuqinisekisa intshukumo zochuku iinqwelo kunye nabantu wokwakha.

Kwahamba iiprojekthi umdla okuphakanyiswe. Uninzi lwazo zinika kwo phezulu kweminwe. Ke zonke iiprojekthi ziye iziphene ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo: phakathi kwamanzi kunye ibhulorho kwi tide ophezulu umgama encinane kakhulu iinqanawa ukuba kudlula, kodwa ukunyuka ukuya kuyo - kuyekwa kakhulu ngenxa kumahashe ukutsala loo nqwelo. Abakhi inikeza iindlela baphakamisa iilifti hydraulic abantu kunye neenqwelo nemigangatho kuSbu kunye iinxalenye setyhula.

Kodwa ke eyona efanelekileyo ngezinto iinketho yathatyathwa ngokomakhi oyintloko project of London - Nkosi Horace Jones. Yena yacebisa ukuba umzobo up-and-drop-phantsi kwebhulorho.

Le projekthi okungaqhelekanga

Ngelo xesha, xa bakha Bridge Tower, drawbridges iye mmangaliso elide. ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa eSt Petersburg, eNetherlands kunye namanye amazwe. Kodwa ke inkalo ye-Bridge Tower inkqubo yakhe entsonkothileyo zobugcisa. Kungekho nenye indawo ehlabathini njengoko isikali elikhulu ingasetyenziswanga nje hydraulics. E St. Petersburg ngexesha lokuba iibhulorho basebenzisa nokuxelenga abasebenzi, neyathi kamva indawo umsebenzi turbines yamanzi. Ngesicelo bakamasipala kwebhulorho kwathiwa yenzelwe kwi indlela zwe. Ngaphantsi oku lula Kwathi nkqu iimpahla omkhulu elwandle.

Uphawu lwe Bridge Tower yaba counterweight ovumela uyilo kunye wavuswa bebodwa. Xa ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo eyayicwangciselwe indibaniselwano wamatye kunye nesakhiwo ngensimbi.

Noko ke, nangona iingenelo ezicacileyo izimvo, amandla yokulibazisa isigqibo imvume yayo. Ke Jones wakhanga injineli odumileyo John Vulfa Barri, kunye ngcono ngayo. Ngoko ke, lo umzobo entsha, Tower Bridge yayikukuba yokuhambahamba eliphezulu. Kwaye iprojekthi savunywa.

Ukuqala zokwakha kunye utshintsho yokuqala

Ukuze ukuba le projekthi ibe yimpumelelo, urhulumente bucala isixa esikhulu ngelo xesha - £ 585.000. Developers ziye ngesiquphe ibuye ibe ngabantu abazizityebi kakhulu.

Qala zokwakha yaqaliswa ngo-1886. Yaye kuqala yonke into ihamba ngokwesicwangciso. Kodwa entwasahlobo ka-1887, kwanangaphambi kokuba baqala ukubeka isiseko bhulorho, wafa ngesiquphe intloko projekthi - Jones. Kwaba buhlungu kakhulu ukuba yinjineli wakhe umlingane, Barry, kunye nokwakhiwa kwangexesha bhuxe.

Barry ngoko kunjalo iphethwe le projekthi yaye wathabatha ukuba umncedisi umyili wakhe uGeorge. Stephenson. Last wondla amkhanuke enkulu ukuba ubugcisa Gothic ngexesha yeVictorian, leyo enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu iprojekthi. Nokufika Stephenson Tower Bridge ithe inani lotshintsho zobugcisa. Iifom Steel ibhulorho ezibe kwidispleyi, njengoko kwakunjalo umoya amaxesha. Ke kaloku baberhola ezinde ezimbini edumileyo eziqhagamshelene lgama ngeenyawo kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 42 ngentla emlanjeni.

kusebenza Ukuvulwa kwebhulorho nendlela

London Tower Bridge yaqalwa ngo-1886 waza wagqitywa emva kweminyaka-8. ukufunyanwa yakhe sisiganeko amisiweyo, esenzeka ngoJuni 1894. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe ngokwakhe Prince of Wales kunye nomfazi wakhe Alexandra.

umsebenzi ibhulorho swi ngokupheleleyo iinjini umphunga ojikelezayo iimpompo enkulu. La maziko kudaleke ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwinkqubo accumulator. Ntoleyo, nto, nto leyo eye Motors, ejikelezayo crankshafts. Torque usasazwa ugqithiselwa evela amagiya shaft, nto leyo ihamba kwicandelo unamazinyo. A candelo inoxanduva ukufuya amaphiko kwebhulorho. inxalenye eliphakamileyo kwebhulorho baba omkhulu kakhulu, kwaye ukubenza abantu bacinge ukuba iigiyeri ngumzamo omkhulu. Noko ke, akunjalo; kwamaphiko bhulorho zaye enyusiweyo counterweights enzima, ezo yeemowutha ezinkulu uncedo ngamanzi.

Ukuze ukunyibilika amaphiko, kufuneka isixa esikhulu wamandla. Kwaye ngoko ke walungiselela konke. Structures ndlela iquka ibhetri ezintandathu enkulu apho phantsi koxinzelelo olomeleleyo amanzi. Yena weza iinjini linoxanduva lokusebenza kwamalungu eshukumayo ye kwebhulorho. Phantsi impembelelo amanzi ezayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwisenzeko, kanye ububanzi asi enkulu uneenyawo ezimbini ekuqaleni ukuba ukujikeleza, kwesiqalekiso web. yonke inkqubo lokuba zikhe ibhulorho umzuzu enye kuphela!

bridge namhlanje

Tower Bridge namhlanje isebenza ngokupheleleyo umbane. Noko ke, njengokuba ngaphambili, xa eqalisa ukuhamba, yonke into iqina kunye ngehlombe jonga billowing kungena amaphiko umoya kwebhulorho. Emva koko, ndithanda ukubalula le emlanjeni ezingqongileyo. Kwaye nokuba iphenyane ubumnandi okanye Ukruthakruthwano, bonke ubukele ngomdla njengoko igqitha phantsi kwebhulorho.

Eyona umdla umi phezulu enye ezinde, apho kukho imyuziyam ozinikezeleyo Bridge Tower. Apho ungafunda okuninzi malunga ngembali yaso, funda imifanekiso yokwakha, yeziyilo kunye nezicwangciso. Kulungile, ngoko unga ekhwela kumgangatho kujongwa ukubona panorama engaqhelekanga, umdla kunye imangalisayo umzi ivula ukusuka apho.

Ukuba uzufumana ngokwakho e London, qiniseka ukuba ukutyelela Bridge Tower.

anika umdla

Old London Bridge, bathenga ngo-1968 URobert Makkaloh - usomashishini evela eUnited States. Ulwakhiwo wachithwa naxa uthuthwa eUnited States. Ngokutsho legend, lo somashishini bavakalelwa ukuba Bridge endala London - lo Tower Bridge, uphawu eyimfihlakalo Albion. Nangona kunjalo, i-McCulloch ulukhanyele esidlangalaleni ukuba oku ngokwenene.

Tower Bridge - lo msebenzi wobugcisa, leyo isetyenzwe nabayili abanetalente. Nguwo ke lo Umtsalane woKhanketho omkhulu nje kuphela London kodwa ngaphesheya UK liphela.