Tower Bridge eLondon: inkcazelo, imbali, iimpawu kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Ibhuloho yeBridge Bridge yenye yeekhadi lamashishini eLondon naseBrithani ngokubanzi kunye neBuckingham Palace kunye neLondon Eye. Ubudala belo dlu lwedlule iminyaka elikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ibhuloho iselungileyo, inomdla kwaye inomdla kuluntu, kwaye iphinda ilandele ngokugqithiseleyo umsebenzi wayo wokuqala.

Indawo yebhuloho

I-Bridge Bridge eLondon (iTransbridge Tower ngesiNgesi) idla ngokudideka kunye neLondon, efumaneka ngaphesheya. Ngaphandle, ezi zakhiwo zimbini zihluke ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngenxa yendawo yazo, kukho ukudibanisa. Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, xa uthetha ibhuloho yokuqala, kunele ukucinga malunga negama layo, kwaye yonke into iya kucacisa. Towersky waqamba igama ngenxa yokuba ikhona kufuphi kufuphi neNqaba yeNqabayo, ehlala kwibhangi elisenyakatho yeThames. Kwisithombe esingezantsi ubona iBridge Bridge.

Ulungelelaniso lweSayithi: 51 ° 30'20 ". W. 0 ° 04'30 "W I-Bridge Bridge inendawo efanelekileyo. Ukusuka kwiifestile ezinkulu zegalari yakhe ungabona umbono ocacileyo weso sixeko kunye nebala elibonakalayo elibizwa ngokuthi "ikhukhamba", kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-Shard. Ukujika amehlo akho empuma, ungabona i-Greenwich Observatory kunye ne-Docks yaseSt. Catherine.

Tower Bridge: inkcazo

Ibhuloho iyahamba kwaye imisiwe ngexesha elinye. Ubude bayo buyi-244 m, kwaye ububanzi obude (kwindawo ephakathi) bufikelela kwimitha engama-61. Inxalenye ephakathi yebhuloho ihlukaniswe ngamaphiko aphakamisa amabini, ngalinye lilingana ngaphezu kweetoni eziliwaka. Ukunqumla iinqanawa eziwela i-Thames, zinokuphakanyiswa kwinqanaba lama-degrees angama-83. Kwiintsika ezisemkhatsini zebhuloho ziyi-tower m 65. Phezu kwinqanaba eliphezulu, zidibaniswe ngamathrekhi amabini. Ziye zenzelwe ukulwa nemibutho eqinekileyo yokubandezeleka eyenza amacandelo anqamlekileyo eBridge Bridge emhlabeni. Kwinqanaba leendonga nganye zifakwa iindlela ezijikelezayo.

Isikimu sombala esele sikhona (bluhlaza kunye nomhlophe) samkelwa ngo-2010. Ngaphambi koko, sahlala singatshintshi ukususela ngowe-1977, xa kuhlonishwa intlokoma yesilivere ye-Queen Elizabeth II isakhiwo sasijonge ngemibala emithathu: ebomvu, ebomvu nomhlophe.

Ikhonyulo yebhuloho ivulelekile kwizithuthi zithuthi kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo. Nangona kunjalo, iinqaba ezimbini, ii-high level tracks kunye namagumbi eenjini zama-Victori ziyingxenye yomboniso weBridge Bridge. Ukutyelela ezi ziza kwenzeka nge tikiti.

Imbali yendalo

Isiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 sabonakaliswa nokuphuhliswa nokuphuhliswa kwe-East End. Ukuhamba ngeendlela ezihamba ngamanqanawa kunye nabama-equestrian kwanda ngamanye amaxesha, ngokumalunga nale nto, umbuzo wokuhlelwa kwesikebhe ngaphesheya kweThames empuma yeLondon yaseLondon yayivuthiwe. Ngowe-1870, ngaphantsi komlambo, i-Tunnel-Subway tunnel yafakwa. Njengemitha, yayisebenza ixesha elifutshane kwaye ekugqibeleni lisetyenziswa kuphela ngabahamba ngeenyawo. Ngoku inamanzi angundoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-tunnel ayizange isombulule ingxaki, ngoko ngo-1876 ikomiti ekhethekileyo yenziwa phantsi kolawulo lukaSir A. Altman, owayeza kufumana indlela yokuwela umlambo.

IKomiti yamemezele ukhuphiswano, oluqokelele iiprojekthi ezingaphezu kwe-50. Umninimzi wamkelwa ngowe-1884, ngexesha elinye lagqiba ekubeni wakhe iBridge Bridge (kwisiNgesi-Tower Bridge). Ulwakhiwo lwaye lwavunyelwa nguMthetho wePalamente ngo-1885. Wabeka ubungakanani bhuloho, kunye nesakhiwo sokwakha - iGothic.

Ukwakhiwa kweBritan

Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, ekugqibeleni kuthiwa iT Tower, kwaqala ngowe-1886 kwaye yahlala iminyaka eyisibhozo. Ngeli xesha, iikontraki ezinkulu ezintlanu zenza inxaxheba kule nkqubo: D. Jackson, uBaron Armstrong, W. Webster, H. Bartlett noWil Arrol. Kwindawo yokwakha, abantu abangama-432 babandakanyeka. Iindleko ezipheleleyo zebhulorho zala maxesha zaziyi-1,184 eziliwaka. Ukwakhiwa kwathatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-11 zeetsimbi.

Ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kweBridge Bridge kwenziwa ngoJuni 30, 1894. Umkhosi wawuya kwiNkosana yaseWales (i-King Edward VII ezayo) kunye nomkakhe uAlexra waseDenmark.

Sekuqaleni kwiminyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi wayo, iindlela ezihamba ngeenyawo phakathi kweendonga zebhulorho zathola idumela elingathandekiyo njengendawo yokukhusela yezikhetho kunye nezihenyu. Ekubeni bekunqabile ukusetyenziswa ngabahamba ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo, bavalwa ngo-1910. Kwakhona kwakhona, iirekhodi zavulwa kuphela ngo-1982. Ngoku zisetyenziselwa njengendlela yokujonga kunye neyamyuziyamu.

Inkqubo ye-Hydraulic bridge

Tower Bridge, njengoko sele ikhankanywe ngentla, inomlinganiselo ophakathi, ihlukaniswe ngamaphiko aphakamisa amabini. Ziya kwinqanaba lama-83 degrees. Ndiyabulela ukungahambisani nokunciphisa yonke imizamo, ibhuloho inokuhlanjululwa ngomzuzu omnye. I-Span iqhutywe yinkqubo ye-hydraulic system. Ekuqaleni, kwakunamanzi kunye noxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwe-bar. Amanzi ayefakwe ngeenjini ezimbini ezinamandla angama-360 ilitha. Le nkqubo yasungulwa nguHamilton Owen Rendel.

Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye ne-gas lighting system yafakwa nguWilliam Sugg & Co Ltd, eyaziwayo eWestminster. Izibane zakhanyisa okokuqala kwi-burner evulekile ngaphakathi kwazo. Kamva le nkqubo yahlaziywa kwizibane zamathambo ezinje.

Inkqubo ye-hydraulic yavuselelwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1974 kuphela. Izixhobo kuphela ezisetyenzisiweyo kude kube yimigodi yokugqibela. Zilawulwa yi-motor hydraulic yamagesi, apho i-oyile isetyenziswa khona, kwaye ingabi ngamanzi. Iindlela zokuqala zazisindiswa. Ngoku ayisetyenziswanga kwaye ivulelekele uluntu, yenze isiseko semyuziyam, enesibhobho eLondon Tower Bridge.

Ukulungiswa kwexesha lebhuloji

Ngowe-1974, umsebenzi waqala ukutshintsha indlela yokuqala engasetyenziswayo kunye nenkqubo ye-electrohydraulic drive. Ngo-2000, inkqubo yesimanje esekelwe kwikhompyutheni ifakwe kwisilawuli kude ekuphakanyisweni nasekunciphiseni izibonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza oko kwakubonakala kungathembekanga, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ibhuloho yahlala ixhomekeke kwindawo evulekile okanye evuliwe, de kube i-sensors yayo ithathelwa indawo ngo-2005.

Ngo-2008-2012, Ibhuloho ibe nokulungiswa kwezonyanyiso okanye, njengoko kwabizwa ngokuba yi-press, "facelift". Inkqubo ithathe iminyaka emine kwaye ixabise izigidi ezi-4. Ipeyinti ekhoyo kwisakhiwo yacinywa kwintsimbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-remains yayo ayifuni kwi-Thames, icandelo ngalinye lebhuloho lalihlanganiswe ngamahlathi kunye nefilimu yeplastiki. Uyilo lucwecwe ngombala omhlophe obomvu. Ukongezelela, ibhuloho ithole umbane omtsha wokuyila.

Management Bridge

Ukuze uphathe kakuhle i bhuloho kwaye ulawulwe umzila wezithuthi, kukho imigaqo nempawu ezenziweyo. Ngomhla, ulawulo lwaluqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-semaphore ebomvu, efakwe kwiikhabini ezincinci kumacala omabini e-bridge. Kwakusetyenziswe izibane zemibala ebusuku: ezi zibini ezibomvu - ivesi livaliwe kwaye ezimbini ziluhlaza - ibhuloho ivulekile. Kwimozulu yemoya, i-gong ihamba neempawu zokukhanya.

Iinqwelo ezidlula kwibhulorho nazo zafuneka zibonise iimpawu ezithile. Ngemva kwemini kwakuyibhola emnyama enomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-0.61 m, efakwe kwindawo ephakamileyo efikeleleke emehlweni. Ebusuku kwindawo enye, izibane ezibomvu zavutha. Kwimozulu yemimoya, iimpawu eziphindaphindiweyo zekhwela lomkhumbi zazifuneka.

Icandelo lezinto ezibonakalisiweyo liye laphila kwaye ngoku limelelwe kumyuziyam.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ibhuloho ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu ubudala, yindawo enomdla kubonga abatyeleli abaninzi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ligcina ukuhamba okukhulu kwezithuthi. Yonke imihla iwela ngabantu abangaphezu kwamawaka angama-40 (abahamba ngeenyawo, abahamba ngeebhayisekile, abaqhubi). Ukuze ugcine ubuqotho bokuyila, kukho umda wokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwibhuloho-engekho ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-32 / h - kunye nobunzima bezothutho - ezingekho ngaphezu kweetoni ezili-18.

Kwixesha langaphambili iibhuloho zavuleka imihla ngemihla kwaye ngaphezu kweyodwa. Ngoku, ukuqhuba ngaphantsi kwayo, kufuneka uxelele ulawulo lweeyure ezingama-24 kwangaphambili. Ixesha lokuvula lipapashwa kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Uhambo lukhululekile.

Igama lebhuloho kunye nokubonakala kwayo kwangaphandle ziyaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke, kwaye ngoko ke zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuthengisa. Ngokomzekelo, izikolo ezininzi zibizwa ngokuba yiT Tower Bridge. Ngokukodwa, i-trade institution yaseMoscow ngokufunda ngokujulile isiNgesi. Ukuze ufumane ingcamango malunga neziko, funda izibuyekezo malunga nesikolo "Isikolo seBridge Bridge", esishiywe ngabafundi bakhe nabazali babo.

Ukusabela koluntu kwibhuloho

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iBridge Bridge Bridge, ngaphandle kweyiphi iLondon yanamhlanje engenakwenzeka, yayigxekwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Wayebizwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yokungaziphathi, ukunyaniseka nokunyaniseka. Umculi waseBrithani nomqambi uFrank Brangvin uthe isakhiwo esingenangqondo esingazange sakhiwe phezu kwemilambo ebalulekileyo.

Ixesha lidlulileyo kunye nembono yoluntu yebhuloho ishintshile. Ngoku kuwuphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-capital of state. Ingxelo-mlando kunye ne-connoisseur ye-architecture uDan Cruickshank yamkhetha njengomnye wezinto ezine, ezichazwe kwiphephancwadi yakhe ethi "Izakhiwo Ezilungileyo Kakhulu zaseBrithani."