Ubuntu bunomxholo obanzi ngeentsingiselo

Kwiinkwenkwezi ezininzi zanamhlanje, igama elithi "udidi lomntu" lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Leli gama linentsingiselo yesiLatin kunye nokuchazwa okulula, okucacileyo nokuqondakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, ububanzi besicelo salo bubanzi kwaye abuhlanganisi kuphela iilwimi, kodwa nefilosofi, ingqondo, inzululwazi kunye neengcali.

Jikelele

Ngoko, siqale kwakhona. Ukwenziwa kobuntu lixesha elisetyenziselwa ukubonisa indawo ye-consciousness ukunikezela izinto ezingaqinisekanga ngeempawu ezingenakho kuphela kumntu. Ngamanye amazwi, i-anthropopathism, apho izidalwa zendalo, izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nabalinganiswa behlabathi eziqingqiweyo zimelelwe ngendlela yabantu abaphefumlelweyo abanemicabango, imemori kunye neempawu zengqondo ezivela kubantu kuphela. Ngako oko, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu uyingcamango efumaneka rhoqo kwiimbali zamagama kunye neenganekwane, kwiifrikhi zefestile kunye neefestile.

Etymology yegama

Ngaphambi kokuba sicinge ngokusetyenziswa kweli gama kumasebe athile enzululwazi nobugcisa, masiqhelane nemvelaphi yayo. Ukwenziwa kwamagama ligama ngeengcambu zaseLatini. Eyokuqala i-persona - "umntu" okanye "umntu", kunye neyesibini-ubuso, eguqulela ngokuthi "yenza" okanye "umntu." Ngokubambisana, la magama amabini adala ixesha elifumene inkcazelo yenzululwazi ngethuba loBukumkani baseRoma. Babizwa zonke ezo zinto, imifanekiso yezithixo kunye noothixo, kunye nezilwanyana zasemlenzeni ezikwazi ukuthetha, ukucinga kunye nokuvelana. Abalinganiswa abanjalo bahlanganisene neengqungquthela zaseGrisi naseRoma, kunye namabali angasindanga, ngelanga, nanamhla.

Ubunjani: imizekelo kwiincwadi

Siye saqinisekisa ukuba kwixesha elidala le ndlela yayisasazeka kakhulu. Emva kwexesha, wayegxininisa kwiincwadi zehlabathi, kwaye baqalisa ukusebenzisa abalobi baseYurophu, baseMpumalanga naseRussia. Umzekelo, makhe sithathe ingoma eyodwa yomculo:

Nosizi, usizi, usizi!
Yaye intlungu ebhinqe ,
Imisongo ixutywe ngama-moles.

Kwimbongo yombhali we-Silver Age uAlexander Blok, nathi sidibana nale ndlela:

Walala phantsi egumbini lokulala

Umongikazi wakhe uxolo ...

Kwincwadi yonxibelelwano yabalobi abaziwayo, ukwamkelwa komntu kubonakala ngokoqobo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ukuqala ngeendinyana zikaAndersen, apho iintlanzi zingakwazi "ukuxoxa" kunye neentlanzi, kunye namajoni e-tan angenza lusizi, aphelise ngemisebenzi ebonakalayo kaMaxim Gorky, "owahleka elwandle," kunye noMikhail Lermontov, owasixelela oko "amafu asezulwini" aziva ngayo.

Ubuntu kwizengqondo

Ummandla apho eli gama lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi yingqondo. Nentsingiselo yalo apha, nangona kunjalo, yinto eyahlukileyo, kodwa umgaqo uhlala ufana. Ngoko, ukubonakaliswa komntu apha kubhekisela kwimifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso entloko yomntu eyakhiwe kuye ukusuka ngexesha lokuzalwa. Ngenxa yabo, ubona ihlabathi ngokusebenzisa i-prism yakhe kunye nokuqonda ngendlela ethile ethile. Ngethuba lokuqala eli gama kwizengqondo zenziwa ngumsululwazi uHarry Sullivan, owayekholelwa ukuba ubuntu abukhulanga kuphela ebusaneni nasebuncinaneni, kodwa ebomini bakhe.

Iintlobo ezintathu zobuntu bomntu

USullivan wahlula ixesha lokubunjwa kobuntu kwiinqanaba ezintathu: unina, "I" nesithixo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala umntwana oza kuzalwa naye unxibelelana kakhulu nonina, kwaye engqondweni yakhe imifanekiso emibili yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe - "unina umbi" kwaye "umama ulungile". Umfanekiso wokuqala uhambelana nenyaniso yokuba umongikazi akakwazi ukuzisa iinzuzo ezifunwayo kumntwana, umzekelo, mnike i-pacifier. Umfanekiso wesibini ulungiswe ngenxa yokunyamekela nokunyamekela. Umntwana ukhula kwaye uqala ukubopha oomnxibelelwano bakhe bokuqala kunye noluntu, ukuzibonakalisa ngokwakhe. Ngoko wabumba ukuqonda kwakhe "mna". Kamva, umntu omdala okhulayo uba ngumgangatho wobuntu besithixo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kukuxhotyiswa ngabo bajikeleze kuye ngeempawu abanalo ngokwenene. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kukukhohlisa, apho abaninzi bethu bahlala khona.

YezoLuntu

Kule ntsimi, umgaqo wokwenziwa komntu ekuchazeni ubuninzi bexesha sele usebenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, izenzo zabanye abantu okanye amaqela abo zihlala zidibaniswa zibe yinto ethile ekwazi ukuchaza oko kwenzekayo. Imizekelo yokuzibandakanya koluntu ibe yintlobo karhulumente kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, iimbono zezopolitiko (ezisekhohlo, ezifanelekileyo, ezisekhompyutheni), iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengcamango nokunye okuninzi. Njengomgaqo, nganye kule nkqubo, inkokeli iphuma - umntu oyedwa, okanye iqela - iqela labantu. Banoxanduva lwezinto ezenzekayo. Ngamanye amagama, baba ngumntu wezo ziganeko eziye zavela ngenxa yezenzo zabantu abaninzi. Xa kwenzeka umphumo ongenakuphumelela kweemeko, iziqwenga ezilawulayo zihlala zixhomekeke kwintshutshiso.