Semyon Neqhayiya -, unyana ka-Grand Prince Ivan Kalita. biography elifutshane, ebudeni bolawulo

Semyon Nekratshi wayengunyana omdala ka -Grand Prince of eMoscow Vladimir Ivana Danilovicha Kality. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ngokuvela eyinkunzi kunye nokomelezwa abasemagunyeni Ozukileyo. Ngelo xesha linye yeza angavumelani Novgorod kunye Lithuania, leyo zingabi lula unxulumano lwayo kunye nabanye abalawuli appanage. Noko ke, inkoliso mbali bayazi ukuba wenze okuninzi malunga nokungeniswa abazalwana babo abaselula kunye namazwe angabamelwane.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Abanekratshi Simon wazalwa ngo-1317. Izazinzulu phikisana umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe, bade ku-7 Septemba - lomkhosi St. Sozont. Yathatha igama kwenene kwi ukhakhayi phambi kokufa kwakhe. Ulwazi malunga ebutsheni bakhe wahlala encinane kakhulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba unina wakhe umfazi wokuqala Ivana Kality Princess Elena. Ngu uhlobo umlawuli wangomso phulo waba ngaphezu uyise, waza nomalume wakhe, uYuri Danilovich, lowo sikuye, nesibindi yaye ngokufuthi esichengeni. Semyon Neqhayiya kanye umgangatho ofanayo yaye yaziwa isiqhulo. Ukuba uyise wakhe ngasese, ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka, balumke, ngoko ezihlangwini zakhe, ukwenza ngokutyhuthuzela yaye kakhulu.

voknyazheniya

Ivan Danilovich, wafa ngo-1340. Ngokuvumelana nokuthanda kwakhe, akwasala inkoliso unyana omdala ilifa. Kodwa ithegi njengenkosana kwakufuneka ukufumana emfutshane mkhosi khan. Noko ke, akuzange kube lula nezinye abalawuli ezininzi izilawuli, wazama ngandlela zonke ukuba afumane isatifikethi Suzdal umlawuli uKonstantin Vasilyevich. Isibakala sokuba Ivan Danilovich woyisa amandla akhe izilawuli ezininzi, bathenga umhlaba, bamazwe baya izinduna zakhe ecaleni, kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke iinkosana abaninzi babefuna ukuba balahle urhulumente eMoscow. Noko ke, Semyon Nekratshi ekusafuneka kwilebhile ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba uyise ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi laqalisa oonyana bakhe Khan, akuba kufikelelwe indawo yakhe. Ukongeza, umlawuli omtsha osisityebi, wanika Khan izipho elityebileyo negalelo kwimpumelelo yayo.

Isivumelwano kunye nabazalwana

Ukuba ileyibhile kwi Vladimir ulawulo, umlawuli into yokuqala inkathalo ezithathiweyo abalawuli subordinated junior amandla abo. Semyon ezinekratshi, ebudeni bolawulo ogama - 1340-1353, xa kanye ekuqaleni voknyazheniya yakhe nemoto isiphendu phakathi elikomkhulu, enxulumene boyar amaqela aphikisayo. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba omnye wabazalwana bakhe iye yanxulunyaniswa lo mzabalazo nzima nepolitiki yangaphakathi. Ukuze ukubazolisa meko, inkosana waqukumbela ngokwesivumelwano Andrei kunye Ivan Ivanovich, nto leyo iye yagcinwa unanamhla ngohlobo isiphako. macala It eganelwe ukugcina ingqibelelo kunye hluleki nengqwebo yawo, ukuze senze kunye neentshaba eqhelekileyo. Oonyana Ivan Kalita efakiweyo, ngoko umgca kwezopolitiko jikelele yokuziphatha. Kubonisa into yokuba abaninawa waqonda yokuba ngumlawuli omtsha wamnika ezinye kuqoqosho njengenkosana okuqaphela isimo sakhe.

Relations nomakhelwane wayo wasentla

Moscow, Novgorod uhlala zichasene. I bafuna ukomeleza kule ndawo yesikhundla salo, owesibini - phezu koko, ukuba ukugcina impembelelo yayo enkulu Northern Territory. Ivan Kalita ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe kudla yafuna imali lesixeko ukuze ahlawule irhafu ukuya khan. Kukho umbono wokuba babebuza abahlali bayo ngaphezu kokuba wavuma ukuba rhoqo kwakhokelela iingxabano. Prince of amajoni eMoscow wahlala inani imimandla ngokuxhomekeke kwiriphabliki. Kuba ukulwa ezizayo Prince asayina isivumelwano nokumkani Lithuanian, ukutshata unyana wakhe nentombi yakhe. BakaSimon of eMoscow waqhubeka nkqubo kayise. Kuthe loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, Novgorod eyase aphinde emhlabeni elahlekileyo. Noko ke, irhuluneli iMoscow wathabatha Torzhok mayibulawe nesekela lakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, longquzulwano imfazwe kwakhona, kodwa ngoncedo Metropolitan of Novgorod, isivumelwano yafikelelwa. Umlawuli yathatyathwa intloko yesixeko, ne eMoscow, Novgorod ixesha ziyangqinelana.

Qala ningavisisani Lithuania

Kunzima ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye kwiriphabliki emantla, Simon wajamelana umngeni omtsha, eli xesha - ngokusebenzisana nowayesakuba ally Koloni. Lithuanian Duke UAlgirdas wayekhathazeke kakhulu yokwanda ngamandla eyinkunzi yaye uthathe amanyathelo ukuze asityekise impembelelo yayo. Ekuqaleni, yena lahlela umkhankaso Mozhaisk, kodwa ayikwazanga kuphumelela. Kuba kuyo, le ukusilela lokuqala Lilishwa zonke ngakumbi ukuba umdlali yakhe yaligqiba emva kokuthatha Torzhok ngubani imbeko kuye mali ka-1000 engange - isixa esikhulu ukwenzela ixesha. Grand Duke Vladimir ukufunda malunga nezenzo yomlawuli Lithuanian, wagqiba ukuba madolw 'anzima kunye Khan athume isigidimi sokukhalaza malunga Ilishwa leminyaka yabo, emazweni Russian. Wema phezu ecaleni Seeds Moscow, UAlgirdas ukuba wenza uxolo kunye naye.

umtshato wesithathu

ibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo Moscow abathetheli ukudlalwa amaqhina entsapho. Ukuqinisa indawo yayo uSimon watshata intombi lerhuluneli saseTver. Igama lomfazi wakhe UMaria Alexandrovna. Waba ngumkakhe lwesithathu. Lo umtshato ngexesha ukuyicamagushela amaqela amabini alwayo. Inkosazana wachitha iminyaka yakhe lwabantwana kwi Pskov ukusuka yokuba uyise emva kokuba kwezithandani le mvukelo esixekweni kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuzimela emntla. Emva kokubulawa yenkulu saseTver kwireyithi Khan intombi nentsapho wakhe umzalwana-entendelezweni. Emva kokufa Semyon lokugqibela wenza isicelo ngenxa umtshana wakhe, ngoncedo ileyibhile yaseTver ubulawuli yaye phantsi kwempembelelo eMoscow. Le manyano entsha kokuvalelwa ngomtshato. Maria A. watshata imbewu, yaye ngaloo ndlela, le ngasolinye phakathi izikumkani ngexesha wamiswa. Kule umtshato ke wayenoonyana abane, owathi kamva wafa kweso sibetho.

ipolitiki dynastic

Semyon, kanye uyise, wazinikela ingqalelo kakhulu kwimitshato. Ngowe-1350 wavumela inkosana Lithuanian Olgerd atshate udade umfazi wayo ulyana. Ngenxa yoko, owayesakuba iintshaba ziye mithetho-ukuba nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela ibe nkulu nkqubo angaphandle impumelelo. Ukongeza, watshata intombi yakhe Prince Kashin, nto leyo eye yalomeleza ukuma kwayo kwanefuthe kwi yaseTver ukubusa. nomini olunjalo kwafumaniseka ulungelelwaniso imikhosi emfazweni eMoscow-yaseTver kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Ukufa yeTestamente

Ngowe-1353 kumazwe Russian isibetho. Weza ukuya kumbindi weli lizwe ukusuka emantla nge Pskov. Ukusuka kwesi sifo ezoyikekayo wafa oonyana yomphathi, yaye kamva yena. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena tonsured kunye negama Sozont. Inkulu ushiye umyolelo yokugqibela kunye womyoleli, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu iileta kayise neeleta nabalandeli bakhe.

Oku kuya kuthi, wayeka ilifa wakhe umfazi wakhe, nto leyo engazange yenzeka ngaphambili okanye emva. Noko ke, umyalelo onjalo kungenxa imeko enzima ekhaya. Ekubeni imbewu akukho iindlalifa, ukuba akukho okunye. Noko ke, kukho ubungqina bokuba ngexesha i neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Grand owayekhulelwe, kwaye umyoleli ekujongwe ukuba aye isimo lwakhe kunye nomhlaba. Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi umthombo omnye oonobumba - kodwa isigunyaziso yomphathi ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nokuthobela Ootata iCawa, kunye izinduna. Uyalela abazalwana bakhe ukuba benze ukuthanda kwakhe, bekhumbula imiqathango yesivumelwano wakhe nawo, kananjalo Umthethisi izinduna inkosazana. Kuba uxwebhu priveshen yoshicilelo ezintathu, enye yazo iqulathe amagama athi "Grand Prince of All Russia." Zonke mbali ahlawule ingqalelo into yokugqibela nje into ebonisa umlawuli ibango eMoscow ubukhosi phezu onke amazwe Russian. Emva kokufa kwakhe waba ngumlawuli we-endala elandelayo umzalwana Ivan, owayedume ngelika oluBomvu. Grand Duke wathabatha Princess engundoqo inxalenye seLizwe zorhwebo, ngalo kanye kwakhona ukomeleza ubume yomphathi ophakamileyo. Eli nyathelo kwakhona kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwezopolitiko. Maria Alexandrovna saseTver njengoko inkosazana, ayithimbe inxalenye yentsimi, ukuba iimeko ukuliwa rhoqo phakathi kwamaziko amabini ezinkulu eRashiya kwakuyingozi kakhulu ukuba umanyano zezindlu zooyise Kalitovichey.

inani ibhodi

Semyon Ivanovich iminyaka ebusa kwaba lixesha olunye kunye nokuvela eMoscow. Waqhubekeka nkqubo kayise waza waphumelela nokungeniswa abalawuli ezithile ngokusebenzisa amaphulo zomkhosi imitshato dynastic. Relations kunye hlokondiba kweli nqanaba zonke ziyafana: njengoyise, umlawuli omtsha watyelela Izinga Khan kwaye usebenzisa i osisityebi irhafu kunye ukunyoba ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo. Noko ke, xa impangele washiya ngaphandle indlalifa. Ngethamsanqa, sasinda abazalwana bakhe ababini, omnye wabo waba ngumlawuli omtsha ephakamileyo. Semyon ezinekratshi, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane esingunobangela yolu phononongo, bakhumbula bexesha lakhe noko nkqubo exandekeni. abalawuli abaninzi ezithile ayenganelisekanga naye njengoko wafuna nokuzithoba ipheleleyo igunya lakhe. Wayenxibe kulo mhlaba ngokungathi voknyazheniya Khan wayalela bonke abantu balalele yena. Inzala kule nkosana ugcinwe kwinzululwazi mihla zembali. izazinzulu ezininzi ukunikela ingqalelo ukulwa izinduna kwikomkhulu ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe, ngokunjalo ubudlelwane Moscow-Lithuanian.