Scientist Abel Niels UHenrik: biography

Niels UHenrik Abel - enye zezibalo kakhulu lonke uluntu. Wazalelwa kwidolophu Norwegian Finney kwi umfundisi-ntsapho. kwafika unina kwintsapho yomthengisi. Xa unyaka Niels mnye ubudala, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela umzi Gerrestad.

Childhood Abel

Ebuntwaneni imathematika elizayo wavuya ngenkankulu: impilo yakhe enkenenkene, yaye abazali njalo enxilile efunga. Ngowe-1815, Niels UHenrik uAbheli wangena Cathedral e Oslo School. Intsapho imathematika elizayo elihlwempu kakhulu, ngoko uAbheli esikolweni kwibhodi ngokupheleleyo. Okokuqala, akukho nto ivelele abafundi abaninzi jikelele. Kulo mzekelo, utitshala izibalo ngelo xesha kwakukho umntu okhohlakeleyo kakhulu esikolweni ebetha abafundi. Ubuchule Utitshala uAbheli zemathematika waphawula kuqala igama Bert Michael Holmboe.

Mfundisi, umfundi

Bert wayenomdla kakhulu kwimathematika, isimo sengqondo esihle kubafundi kunye naye wayeyazi ukuba ukukhuthaza njani. Holmboe wakhuthaza abo babesebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye okokuqala uAbheli unomdla kakhulu kwinzululwazi. Utitshala wakhumbula ukuba uAbheli wafunda izifundo zemathematika kunye ngenzondelelo efumaneka kuphela buchopho. Holmboe bayakhuthazwa kakhulu uAbheli umnqweno ukuzibandakanya kuyo, waza wamvumela ukuba ukusebenzisa iincwadi evela kwithala lakho. Emva kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu uAbheli wayesele wayeqhelene ezisisiseko lwemathematika. On ikamva Scientist labo ngokoqobo "wabaginya" umsebenzi GAUSS, Lacroix, Poisson kunye आयडेंटीफिकेशन iSazisi.

Qhina, abanomdla kwimathematika

Iminyaka emibini elandelayo, kunye nethemba othile uAbheli sithathwa zokusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo kwimathematika. Enye yezi iiphazili kudala umtsalane izazinzulu. Yaba inxaki degree yesihlanu kunye zibalo ze zesidanga kunye nemfundo enomsila. Kuba quadratic ezilula ula lwaziwa ixesha elide. yezibalo zibalo azenzeki Umthetho degree wesine yavulwa Ferrari, lesithathu - Gerolamo Cardano.

Noko ke, inkqubela phambili, akukho muntu. Ngaphandle koku, uluntu lwazi uqinisekile kwi ithuba esisiseko yokusombulula le ngxaki. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngokwaneleyo ukuze benze intlanganisela ezikhethekileyo zizathu kunye radicals, ukuze bafunde indlela yokucombulula ezi zibalo. Nangona kunjalo, indima leminyaka emva kwenkulungwane, izazinzulu ziye bachitha ubomi babo bonke kulo msebenzi, kodwa wahlala engekasonjululwa.

Ubomi kwi ootitshala eyunivesithi kunye noncedo

Ngowe-1820, intsapho ka-Abheli intlekele kwenzeka: uyise wafa. Umama wakhe, udade kunye nabazalwana abathandathu kuhlala phantse endlaleni. Ngowe-1821, Niels UHenrik uAbheli wangena eyunivesithi. Apho, italente yakhe njengoko ibonwe ngootitshala, yaye isigqibo sidibanise imali zabo ukuqokelela inkxaso-mali yokufunda ukuze umfundi amahlwempu, kodwa ngeyona enesiphiwo, ukuze ukuba ningethi isipho sakhe kweyobunzululwazi. Naphezu kobunzima nesimilo yayo melancholic, uAbheli wayesoloko nobubele uzhivchiv bonke abafundi, kunye phantse azikho iintshaba. Mathematics umdla gqitha ukuba uza achithe kuzo iiklasi imini yonke, nto ukuba waphelelwa kufutshane emzimbeni.

Ebusika 1822-1823, i-Niels UHenrik uAbheli wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala ezinkulu zenzululwazi. He nikela ukuba integrability of umehluko zibalo. Njengomvuzo, i-State Prize yanikezelwa kuye.

Nam ke intloko eyunivesithi okanye iBhodi Norwegian angalahlekelwa phambi italente qwa lowo Abheli Niels UHenrik. Ngehlobo lowe-1823 okokuqala eAbhele sinako ukwenza uhambo ngokuba umda Norwegian. Ngemali, leyo zaqokelelwa uprofesa waseyunivesithi, uAbheli waya eCopenhagen. Ohambahambayo, ingcali yezibalo Uqhelene nezinye iingqondo omkhulu ixesha: Cauchy, A. Legendre kunye nabanye. Yaye ngo-1825 waye wathunyelwa eJamani, apho umxhesho wakhe senyanga ukwenza 3168 franc.

Ngowe-1826, inqaku nguAbheli, leyo wachaza inkqubo yokusombulula zibalo of ezintlanu. Esi siganeko ngoko nangoko wamenza enye zezibalo mkhulu ehlabathini. Noko ke, emva kokuba umsebenzi ingcali yenzululwazi, ngubani iye yakhutshelwa ngokutsha Cauchy, walahlekelwa emaphepheni. Cauchy wakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi uAbheli nje emva kokufa zezenzululwazi. Ukuba awuzange, ngexesha ubomi Abheli uza kunikwa imbasa enkulu zemfundo. Ekubeni oku kwenzeke, ubomi bakhe wachitha yindlala kakhulu.

umsebenzi olunye

E Berlin, uAbheli wadibana nomnye umphandi - A. Krell, owaqalisa ukupapasha kwijenali zezibalo. Emva kokuba umsebenzi ngempumelelo e Berlin Niels UHenrik uAbheli ubuyela ekhaya - to Christiania. Apho wayeqalisa babe nomdla imibuzo kwizibalo algebra. Ngalo lonke eli xesha eprintiweyo amaphepha enzululwazi malunga ezilishumi kwimathematika, zabhalwa ongowabantu uAbheli. Ngowe-1826 kwintlanganiso ye-French Academy of Sciences Niels UHenrik Abel linikezela ingxelo kwimisebenzi ngokudlul kwiMathematika. ukusebenza lakhe siyathandaza ngabom ngabaphengululi French, oko wafumana ingqalelo yayo kuphela emva kokufa lwemathematika.

Ngokonakala zempilo kunye nezinye iingxaki

ke uAbheli wathumela uhambo yesibini ukuya eYurophu. Yena utyelela isixeko Dresden, Prague, Venice, eParis kunye nabanye. Kodwa lo hambo ngeke ngokuba kubakhenkethi: ngeli xesha Isazinzulu Niels UHenrik uAbheli isebenza nzima kakhulu. Uvula theorems 6 zemathematika. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha bamba yakhe neentsilelo: umphengululi-ngqangi ezilahlekileyo, namali, ziyonakala impilo. Le Isazinzulu akazange afumane umvuzo rhoqo.

Ngowe-1828 wafumana kobulungu Royal Academy of Sciences - kwaye oku kukuba kuqwalaselwe kuphela xa ubomi ufumana Niels UHenrik uAbheli. Photo on engamaphepha Norwegian iimvaba CZK 500, eyasetyenziswa de-2002 - uyambeka ukuba sisazinzulu yanikezelwa kokufa kwakhe.

Xa ukugula nengcutheko adibana 1828 sezibalo Niels UHenrik uAbheli. ngobomi bakhe iphela okubuhlungu kukuba: wayesifa, yaye oogqirha orhanelwa nesifo sephepha kwimathematika. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka mnye nzulu uya emzini Florand, apho wayesebenza umfazi wakhe. Ebudeni nohambo sisazinzulu abambise umkhuhlane. inyumoniya ezimandundu kunye nesifo benze umsebenzi wabo, yaye ngoAprili 6, 1829, xa nzulu 26 kuphela, ubomi bakhe wachacha.

impumelelo Abel

Ewiliko kwizibalo ze weqondo sesihlanu - enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimathematika, nto leyo yenza Niels UHenrik uAbheli. Impumelelo ye zikhoyo nakulo imfundiso yokuvula elimisiweyo. Kwakhona uphando imisebenzi eziliqela algebra. Olu umgca yophando yakhokelela ukufunyanwa kwethiyori uAbheli ngayo imisebenzi hyperelliptic. Mininzi imisebenzi ebalulekileyo-Abheli Niels UHenrik zinxulumene kwithiyori series.

Abel Prize

Ekubeni izibalo ungafumani iBhaso Nobel, ngo-2002 i-Government of Norway yasekwa ibhaso elilodwa kubo, ebizwa uAbheli. Ukususela ngo-2003, nyaka ngamnye oko kwanikezelwa zezibalo ebalaseleyo lwanamhlanje. Imali elingana kancinane ngaphantsi kwe kwesigidi US zeerandi. Le mbasa wadalwa nje ukuba avuze abaphandi abazifaneleyo, kodwa ukuba imathematika ithandwe phakathi abaselula. Phakathi laureates izazinzulu ezifana ULennart Carleson, uJohn G. Thompson, uMikhail Gromov, Jean-Per Serr wayo. Kwakhona, oyiphumeleleyo Abheli Prize wayengusosayensi Russian Yakov yeSinayi. Wafumana imbasa ngegalelo lakhe isifundo kweenkqubo dynamical, theory ergodic kunye physics nakwimathematika.