Russian-Japanese imfazwe, Lyaoyanskoe edabini:-nxaxheba, iziphumo

imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905 lokulwa, ngokuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kakhulu lwatshintsha umdla politiko yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Nangona States ezinkulu ehlabathini okwangoku bafunda indlela ukusingatha imiba ezinzulu neAfrika ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amaxhoba zabantu.

Izinto ezibangela le Russian-Japanese War

1. Ukomeleza kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi eRashiya kunye neTshayina. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuya ku-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane ye-19, eyona nto ibalulekileyo-nkqubo Russian lasemzini kwiiBalkans, kodwa ekomelezeni ubuhlobo iqala ngo-1894, ne-China. Russia ulungiselele kuRhulumente uncedo noonozakuzaku zomkhosi kwi imfazwe ne-Japan.
2. Ukungqubana kwezimvo phakathi eRashiya Japan malunga nempembelelo kwiMpuma Ekude naseManchuria.

iimpazamo qhinga kunye zoloyiso zemfazwe

Ekuqaleni, kwakucacile ukuba umkhosi waseJapan akukho ukulungele ukuba imfazwe elide. Kodwa iinjengele Russian babekholelwa ukuba Asia liza kuthetha-thethana kunye amazwe aseYurophu kwaye balungiselela ukuba imfazwe kwi miba mibini. Le yaba yimpazamo sobuchule emkhosini Russian kunye nezifundiswa. Kwakhona, baseRashiya, kuqikelelwa imikhosi abazizidalwa lilonke Japan (ngasendleleni, nayo impazamo), ndiyacinga ukuba i-Western Front kuya kufuneka amandla eninzi ngaphezu eMpuma. Isicwangciso Russian zigcinwe ukugqiba imfazwe elide apho ngenyanga 7-8-th ziza kuphunyezwa uloyiso elwandle kunye ukugaleleka kwezi ziqithi. Ewalayishayo ngenxa yesicwangciso Japanese, ingcamango esisiseko nto ngephanyazo hit the Pacific kwadingeka kunye nokuhlutha lolawulo yolwandle.

Umlinganiselo imikhosi elwandle

Russia naseJapan iminyaka eliqela ngaphambi kokuba yayisele iqalile imfazwe ukuba nenxaxheba ekomelezeni zisa izithuthi zabo. Russia wayesele lokulufumana i iCrimea War, elibonakalisa ukubaluleka impumelelo yolwandle. Sithatha akunakuphepheka imfazwe kwimpuma eJapan, mkhosi ziye zachongwa umsebenzi ophambili - ekomelezeni fleet wePasifiki.

Ngenxa yoko, sicinga imeko, loo kumazwe. Inani lilonke iinqanawa yoBukhosi Russian esempuma ukuya 1904 wayelingana 64. Kwezi abonakalisi - 35 nabo cruisers, Zempi, izikhephe ezinkulu. izithuthi Japanese ngamanani kunathi eRashiya. umbhuqi kuphela wayethunywe 47. Inani elipheleleyo Navy of Japan yaba nakwiiyunithi ze-87. Njengoko ubona, inani Navy Japan igqithile butho Russian kwi iinqanawa 23. Mhlawumbi amaRashiya ndikholosekile malunga noludumileyo yobugcisa, kodwa oko akuzange kuncede. iinqanawa Japanese baba ngokukhawuleza, ihlumelo ngcono yaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi kuqhume yotshaba.

Isifo yemfazwe

Le ngokukhawuleza i - omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha kwimpumelelo imfazwe. Lo mkhosi ke ngesinqanawa eso amandla Japanese January 27 yasungula imfazwe kwizikhombisi ezimbini. Qaphela ukuba zombini ukulwa yaphela ngempumelelo ngenxa Japanese, nangona lezithuthi kuyalahleka amandla ethile. Uhlaselo lokuqala Bubusuku Japanese. Asia ibutho zimi kuye iinqanawa 25 kwiintlobo ezintathu: i Zempi, cruisers, kubabulali. Le neziqhushumbisi le wempi Russian "Tsarevich" yaye "Ratzivan" ziye zonakaliswa, kwakunye Cruiser "Pallada". Le unexpectedness lamabutho Russian ngokwenene abazange bakwazi ukulwa ukumelana i yaseJapan.

Uhlaselo yesibini senzeka ngentsasa mini, nto leyo ekhokelele ukungaphumeleli kwafika omnye iinqanawa 5 Russian. Asikwazi uthi ukuba umonakalo fleet ubukhosi yaba akubulali, kodwa kubalulekile, kuba umkhombe wokulungisa embi sele zifakiwe.

Apho edabini yesibini mini? ke ngoku eyaziwa Korean Incheon ebizwa Chemulpo. Ebutsheni bowe-1904, zihleli kwi zibuko yema 2 nqanawa Russian "Varyag" yaye "Korean". I-Japanese wahlasela imikhosi Russian iinqanawa-14. Kucacile ukuba bebonke isiphelo iinqanawa Russian sele ichongiwe, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ngobubi, i yaseJapan abakwazanga kunjalo. Injengele i "Varyag" Rudnev ukholelwa ukuba simele sizame ukubaleka baphume neenzipho i Japanese kwaye kufika ePort Arthur. Xa elwandle impi. Ukonakala "Varyag" akazange avunyelwe ngaphandle ingcamango eKorea ukuphumeza, kodwa 3 inqanawa Japanese nazo namandla. Qaphela ukuba oomatrose Russian abazange yalahleka yaye emva koko bakwazi ukufumana ekhaya.

Ukufa Makarov

Iinkokeli omkhosi Russian waqonda ukuba Pacific Fleet ekuqaleni imfazwe ayizange uphumelele uvavanyo umlo. Ukumisela uqeqesho yomkhosi umthetho kwizithuthi wamisela odumileyo Vice-Admiral Makarov. Le ndoda zazinamandla amava yokulwa, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba ukumelana ngempumelelo imisebenzi.

Ngexesha lenyanga umsebenzi wawo fleet Russian itshintshile. Makarov landa kakhulu umgangatho emkhosini, Navy waphakamisa mbutho lomsebenzi. umthambo nokuqina lenyuka, eyenza kube lula ukwandisa inani nempumelelo leenqanawa waphuma waya elwandle. Kakade ke, lo yaseJapan ukuba bahleli izandla, ebukele utshintsho ubunjani kwi Russian lwaphela. Zonke zokuphuma yasePort Arthur rhoqo misela. Matshi 31, 1904 le Cruiser "Petropavlovsk", apho ngomkhombe, kwibhodi yaye Makarov, yasha yi emgodini. Bonke abantu ababekhwele babulawa.

Isigaba sesibini yemfazwe

Uloyiso Navy Japanese wenza kube lula ukuba alungiselele urhulumente siqithi yadluliselwa Liaodong Peninsula lokuhlala kakhulu amandla. Hi ndlela leyi, eli hlelo ababecwangcise baze balungiselele kwangaphambili, ngenxa yokuba lo imfihlelo Japanese eyangena Korea ukususela ekwindla 1903. Kakade ke, umkhosi waseJapan abazange ukuqhuba i-ndlongo evulekileyo. Sithetha ngabantu abasuka reserve bonke abarhwebi, amagcisa, njalo njalo. D. Umsebenzi ophambili yezi imikhosi yaba ukulungiselela iimeko kwimpumelelo imisebenzi ebikhona, indibano ubukrelekrele.

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 24 ukuya kuMatshi 3 elunxwemeni Korean mihlaba ngaphezulu kwe 35,000 Japanese. Kufuneka ukuba siyiqonde intsalela imikhosi Russian. Amandla iyonke umkhosi kwelaseAsiya yaba bantu 123 000. Kwezi, malunga nama-24,000 zazikummandla Primorsky. On the Kwantung Peninsula malunga 30 amawaka. AmaRashiya 19000th umkhosi ilinde nomda Korea. Mpumalanga China ke intsimi ngobuchule kubalulekile tsarist. Kwakukho ezingaphezu kwama-50 amawaka amajoni omkhosi yasebukhosini. ibutho umthetho yi A. Jikelele uN Kuropatkin.

iqela Russian kumda kunye Korea wenza nje. Iyalibala kuthethe ukuba yaseJapan ayiphumelelanga ukuhlasela zibuya Russian 7000 kwaye zimoyise. Ngenxa yoko ukulwa, umkhosi Russian elahlekelwe imipu ngaphezulu kwama-30, malunga 3 lamawaka amajoni babulawa, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba siphumele leekhilomitha 70. Lyaoyanskoe mpi yaqala lo mbuso ayiphumelelanga.

Jinzhou: enye ekubulaleni lasebukhosini

Ewe, lo baseRashiya babeqinisekile nokongama kwakhe emhlabeni, kodwa oku babechanile. Enye imikhosi Japanese lawela Liaodong Peninsula Aprili 22, 1904. Inani eli qela nalo malunga 35 lamawaka. zenzeke Japanese ke, ukuba abayi kungena emfazweni kunye nomkhosi umthetho yi A. uN Kuropatkin waya kwelizwe. Kakade ke, lo umyalelo Asia Niziqondile na zonke iingozi kotyando, ngoko ngoMeyi 4 kwindawo lokumisa Dagushana ubalelwa 15,000. Injongo: yokugubungela yosizi Jinzhou.

lohambo Japanese esixekweni yathatha iintsuku-19. Kufuphi kule dolophu esi sicatshulwa, kwaza kwi Territory Kwantung eziqeshiweyo. iqela Russian kule siqwenga abantu malunga 4 amawaka. May 13 ukulwa ende. Nangona ilahleko Japanese baba amaxesha 3 kakhulu, kodwa ke ukulwa abo abawawinileyo. Ngenxa yale loyiso, umkhosi waseJapan wavula indlela eya kwizibuko elizayo. Mpumalanga China yaba phantsi kolawulo imikhosi Japanese namabutho Russian zaye okunene ndinqumle omnye komnye.

Ukulwa Further waqhubeka kunye nempumelelo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nelahleko enkulu zombini wemikhosi.

Lyaoyanskoe ukulwa

Ngo-Agasti 1904 i-Isigaba sesithathu imfazwe. Lyaoyanskoe edabini sele lenze izicwangciso, ngokuba iinyanga ezintathu kufutshane esi sisombululo ukwakha iinqaba ezinkulu. Ukususela ngo-1904 inani Russian Manchurian Army kwaba 152,000, kwaye imikhosi yaseJapan aba-22 amawaka ngaphantsi kwe lwamanani. Lyaoyanskoe ukulwa 1904 phantsi kwimbali waya njengesiganeko abakreqayo ngokupheleleyo umoya yomkhosi Russian.

Nangona inani asezantsi, ngowokuqala ukuthatha lohlaselo ngoAgasti 11 waya yaseJapan. Babefuna nimrhawule baseRashiya, okanye ubuncinane angamvaleli ngokupheleleyo kubo iindlela ezintsha imikhosi ezayo. Eli phulo yaba imikhosi Japanese rhoqo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo baseRashiya abakhuthele kakhulu.

umkhosi Kuropatkin waba nako kakhulu ukuya kwi ekhubekisayo, ngokuba umgama ukusuka kwiziko ingaphezulu kwe-7000 km. August 19 Kuropatkin inikwa kwindawo Japanese olandelayo emva koko kukho isoyikiso lungabanjwa Yantai. umyalelo Ukuqonda loo nto iya kufezekiswa wagqiba ekubeni abhenele Mukden. Lyaoyanskoe edabini, apho nxaxheba ezilahlekileyo abantu abangama-40 000 wabonisa backwardness kunye nokungakwazi amabutho Russian.

Iziphumo impi

Thetha imilo elizayo, lo mgaqo, akukho ntsingiselo ekhethekileyo, kuba kaloku impumelelo ye-Japanese kunye bokuphela Russia.

Iziphumo emfazweni iRashiya ayenzima kakhulu. Ngoko, kwi Uxolo Portsmouth iSivumelwano 1905 ithi:

1. Southern Sakhalin enambuzelayo eJapan.
2. Japan ifumana wazikrazula Liaodong Peninsula.
3. Ukuba nokwenzeka umzila kaloliwe Japanese kwi Liaodong Peninsula.
4. Ukurhoxiswa amabutho Russian ukusuka naseManchuria.

Russia kunye Japan wangena impixano, imiphumo leyo, enyanisweni, waziva namhlanje, kuba isivumelwano soxolo phakathi eRashiya Japan kwiziphumo 1945, imfazwe iye okwangoku sigqityiwe.