Road yamaRoma: inkcazelo, imbali, iimpawu kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Yamandulo indlela waseRoma ifihle kuphela Roma, kodwa umbuso wakhe. Baya kuqala ukuvela eItali, yaye ke ukwakhiwa kwazo lwaqhutywa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo aseYurophu, Asia and Afrika. amakhonkco Unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo naphi ubukhosi. Ekuqaleni lona kuphela emkhosini, kodwa loxolo washukumisa izithunywa ikharavani, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uluntu lonke. indlela yamandulo zisetyenziselwa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, nasemva kokuwa kokumkani enkulu.

lesikhumbuzo endala

Unique ixesha layo, umgangatho iindlela yaseRoma yaba sisiphumo kweliso imo ukwakhiwa kwayo. Sele ezilishumi Itafile (besive kwinkulungwane V BC. E.) Ngaba kucacisa iindlela ububanzi owodwa kwaye linyanzelekile abantu ababehlala kufuphi nabo, ukuba ucingo amayelenqe abo.

ibhulorho ngalinye ilitye kwindlela yamaRoma, ukuze ibe lula ukuba abahambi kunye namahashe. Kuba okokuqala le ndlela yokwakha indawo ifihla Appiy Klavdy siz. On imiyalelo yakhe ekupheleni BC ngenkulungwane IV. e. Kuye kwakhiwa indlela phakathi eCapua neRoma. Ngexesha xa Republic koBukumkani, yonke usingasiqithi yambathiswa kule kuthungelwano lwezothutho ebalulekileyo.

Apiyo iye yaseka unxibelelwano phakathi kweyona iRoma kunye namazwe aphesheya, owathi kamva waba amaphondo ubukhosi: Greece, eAsia Minor, eYiputa. Namhlanje, kunye okuseleyo emendweni yamandulo, ibekwe iintlobo amangcwaba elidlulileyo. Le villa ahlukile, eyayisetyenziswa ngamaJuda yaye amaKristu mangcwaba. Ngaphandle ukukhwela iinqaba zamaxesha aphakathi neenqaba, kwakunye nokwakhiwa i-Italian Renaissance.

Nokuwa

Wonke indlela entsha yaseRoma ufumana igama layo kumhloli karhulumente, apho yayakhiwe, okanye igama leli phondo. Iibhulorho kuphela ezo umendo leyo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini okanye ngaphandle kwayo. Amanye amalungu network yambathiswa igrabile, isanti kunye igrabile - izinto eziveliswe emihadini ezizodwa.

Phezulu kwamandla yamandulo Roman Empire Road waba ubude eyi ayi 100 lamawaka. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuba urhulumente ifumana kwengeniso ebalulekileyo ukusuka kurhwebo lomhlaba embilwini. Nge ukwanda kwezoqoqosho ngabarhwebi kuthwalelwa phandle. iimveliso Mediterranean ngoku abanjiswe ezo imimandla musa nokuphupha ngayo ngazo. Yamandulo Roman Road wanceda athwale iyafana iwayini Iberia kunye nokutya okuziinkozo Numidian.

Xa ubukhosi ngenkulungwane III kwaba phantsi ukuhlasela izizwe ezininzi amaqaba. BeeNtlanga umkhosi Okokuqala baphanga kuphela kwimimandla umda. Noko ke, xa amandla abalawuli buthathaka anayo baqala ukungena nokuba siye kwelaseItali. Nayiphi na indlela laseRoma ahamba ngendlela yawo, yaququzelela bakhona ekuphangeni, njengoko ngexesha elifanelekileyo yi-tho Latin. Xa ubukhosi kokuwa, ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezintsha ukuze ayeke. I "izikumkani amaqaba" ekuqaleni kuMbindi Ages ezininzi zobunjineli Izakhiwo baseRoma elahliwe futhi.

tricks yamandulo

EseRoma kukho i-ofisi karhulumente ekhethekileyo unocanda. Aba bantu Sizibandakanye ekuphawuleni umzila wendlela elizayo. Ukuze kube lula umsebenzi onjalo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ende umgca, le goniometers ukufana, diopters ezibunxantathu ziyafuneka ukumisela ukuphakama nolungelelaniso.

Indlela udlula amageduka, ezazakhiwe ngezinto ukuqhubela yancitshiswa ngenxa intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko lwabahambi. Cornering track waba ngokubanzi. Oku kwenziwa ukuze abazifumana ezijongeneyo neenqwelo bakwazi ukuphoswa ngaphandle kwesiganeko.

inkqubela yokwakha

Nganye indlela yamaRoma iqala nesibakala sokuba endaweni yayo ukuyinqumla phantsi sonke isivuno nayiphi ityholwana. Emva izibalo geodetic kunye nemilinganiselo ukuphawula up. Oku kwalandelwa uyilo, nto leyo iinjineli kwenziwa. Ukwakhiwa ababandakanyekayo amakhoboka, amabanjwa okanye amajoni. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abaqingqi abo nabasebenzi phantsi amacwecwe ezizodwa Kwabekwa isiseko wendlela.

Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kwangaxeshanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ilahlwe kwindawo umgama ukusuka kwenye. Indlela ibe maleko eziliqela yaye ke kancinane, baphahlwe phezu flat sezwe. Ukuba indlela wayebaleka iinduli, abasebenzi bakwazi ukwakha manzi ezizodwa izisele. ukuphakama Artificial kunye misinga inceda ukwenza yokuhamba kwemithambo-gingxi kwaye bekhululekile. Kunye nokoyikiswa mvula emhlabeni iindlela ezindala baseRoma baxhotyiswe kunye nezixhaso.

Fundam yayiquka iibhloko amatye uncwelwe. Gap therebetween i inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi elula (kwakhona babalekela athi izisele ecaleni kweendlela). Okulandelayo umaleko lesanti okanye zegrabile kuye yimfuneko ukuba ulungelelwaniso komhlaba. Oku ulele phezu komhlaba okanye ikalika ezifunekayo ukwenza ukuthamba web. Kwezinye iimeko, indlela ekufuneka yahlulwe ngeendlela ezimbini. Enye senzelwe yamahashe, enye - yabahambi. Loo msebenzi uye waba luncedo kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa amajoni imali eninzi.

umyalelo Mail kunye nokhuseleko

ERoma yamandulo, kwakukho ixesha kakhulu ogqibeleleyo wenkonzo yeposi. Izigidimi, waba uthungelwano lweendlela, ngokukhawuleza ukusasaza iindaba imiyalezo kunye iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo mbuso omkhulu. Emini ukuba bakwazi ukoyisa indlela ayi-75, nto leyo yaba impumelelo eningenakukholwa ukuba kumaxesha amandulo. Njengomgaqo, izigidimi ekhwele phezu kweenqwelo kwiibhokisi eludinini zilayishwe. Ukuba umyalezo ungxamisekile, umsebenzi yeposi ukuba bayithwale zodwa ihashe.

Ukuze underscore isimo izithunywa zakhe ayenxiba iminqwazi ezizodwa ezenziwe ngesikhumba. inkonzo yabo kwakuyingozi, kuba abahambi kuhlasela wabaphangi. Ecaleni kweendlela kwakhiwa abalindi. Military ukubukela kwezithuthi endleleni. Ezinye iinkampu wakhulela ngamandla kunye needolophu.

Pubs kunye kwane-

zokuhamba Long-term akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle abanye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abakhi zoluntu zakhiwe isikhululo ebusuku. Baye zimalunga nama-15 km ukusuka kwenye. Kukho kwakhona zaguquka amahashe. Okuxabiseke elula, kodwa bambalwa ndawo zokulala zokutyela. Bona abahambi ukuba bathenge izinto ngendlela abawasebenzisayo wathengiswa mkhandi okanye werhafu.

Ezinye tavernas (ingakumbi kumaphondo zobekelo kude) bafumana negama elibi. Emva koko, abahambi sichitha ebusuku balapha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba siko ngokubanzi iindwendwe ligqithise kuluntu yamaRoma. Ngaphandle zokulala ukufumana oovimba kunye warehouses phezu ezindleleni. Wangqubeka inkonzo ekhethekileyo, unoxanduva unikezelo lokutya emizini.

imizila

Njengoko edume indlela Roman (-Apiyo, ezisuka ikomkhulu kutsho eCapua), phantse zonke ezinye iindlela zakhiwa kwicala phambili. Abakhi ayekwe banzi. Ukuba indlela bamlandela lomlambo, abayili baye bazama ukufumana ezibukweni. Noko ke, iibhulorho zamaRoma nomgangatho ezahlukeneyo, yaye ezinye zazo (njengoko Trajanov ibhulorho phezu iDanube) nokuba basinda.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, abasemagunyeni lalibulala ngokukhethekileyo ekudibaneni emlanjeni ukuthintela utshaba ukuba zingene nzulu kulo mbuso. Kodwa kule meko kuhlala inkxaso efanayo, kwaye iibhulorho kamva kwakhona ngokukhawuleza. Eyona uphawu yesakhiwo Iingqameko. iibhulorho zomthi ayebuthathaka ngaphezu, kodwa enganeno.

Ezinye ukunqumla yoyilo ezahlukeneyo mix. Inkxaso ingaba ilitye, kunye ukutyibilika - iinkuni. Oku ibhulorho e Trier, kumda koBukhosi eJamani. Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ukuba namhlanje kulo mzi German wahlala isekela amatye kuphela yamandulo. Ukoyisa enemilambo, enemijelo ebanzi kakhulu kusetyenziswa isikhitshane kwo. Kwabakho umkhwa amalungiselelo wokuweza.

Ikhadi nothungelwano lwendlela ngezinto zakudala

Ngexesha lokulawula yoMlawuli Caracalla ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane III kwenziwe yohambo uAntoninus - incwadi-index, ethe yabekwa kuluhlu kuphela kwiindlela ubukhosi, kodwa umgama yabo, kwakunye nezinye iinkcukacha umdla. Ekubeni ukwakhiwa kweendlela yaseRoma baqhubeka kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukuqokelelwa zikotshwe eya kuthi yongezwe izihlandlo eziliqela.

iimephu abaninzi antique emva kangangeenkulungwane igcinwe kwiilayibrari woonongendi lonke Western Europe. Kwinkulungwane XIII ngumbhali engaziwayo wenza ikopi ngesikhumba yoxwebhu endala. Le bhokisi ibizwa peutingeriana tabula. iphepha-11 esongwayo limele lonke bamaRoma kunye nothungelwano yayo kweendlela phezu bobukhulu bakhe.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba iindlela zorhwebo bakhonza mthombo abantu bamandulo ulwazi malunga ihlabathi lizele iimfihlelo. Le theyibhile odumileyo ngayo ngeenxa zonke iindlela kwabhalwa amagama ezizwe ezahlukeneyo ayengabemi esisibona eAfrika eNgilani, kwaye ukusuka eIndiya ukuya Atlantic Ocean.

kwiindlela zoluntu

Kukho imithombo emininzi yokwakha njani indlela waseRoma. Abo, umzekelo, wena wenze okuninzi ngemisebenzi Sicula Flake - edume amandulo mhlaba unocanda. I Empire Road zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu. Eyokuqala kuthiwa uluntu, okanye yaBalindi Bakomkhulu. Ezi ndlela wacofa sixeko sikhulu ibalulekileyo.

iindlela zoluntu, nto leyo yaba ububanzi neemitha ezingama-12, kwakhiwa mali kaNondyebo kaRhulumente on. Ukuze kuxhaswe ukwakhiwa amaxesha ukubeka irhafu yethutyana. Kulo mzekelo, kunye ezibizwa kweso sixeko, leyo na kwiindlela uBukhosi baseRoma. Maxa wambi ukuze ndlela ewatyhutyhile imihlaba kubanini elibanzi, elityebileyo, (umz, izidwangube). Emva koko, le abemi eninikela irhafu. Iindlela baseburhulumenteni ngabagcini - amagosa, walandela urhulumente ngelaphu kwaye linoxanduva ukulungisa yayo.

Ukungcola kunye nendlela ezivalelweyo

Ezivela kuluntu amasebe indlela kwiindlela lizwe (uhlobo yesibini, ngokutsho yokuhlela yamandulo). Ezi ndlela enxulumene idla emizini ejikelezileyo. Bona kwabalelwa ukuba isambuku kuthungelwano lwezothutho asebukhosini. ububanzi yabo ulingana leemitha 3-4.

Uhlobo lwesithathu iquka iindlela zabucala. Bona imali zezabantu ngamnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindlela ezinjalo zakhiwa evela amafa etyebileyo adjoined ukuya kuthungelwano eqhelekileyo. Bona banceda basebukhosini atyebileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuya ikomkhulu nemizi yabo.