Project 1174 "Rhino". Large kwendiza umkhumbi

Umzabalazo for ubukhulu kwi imimandla umiswa elinentsingiselo efanayo ungcono umoya.

Avala evela elwandle

indawo yolawulo ayiphelelanga ukuya iinqanawa kushenxa simahla kunye nentshukumo ekhuselekileyo iinqanawa zothutho. Kukho ithuba ukuxhasa imikhosi babo emhlabeni igqampe ukusuka elwandle. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlasela emanzini ayikho enye indlela. imisebenzi Ukwaziwa yeSisili eNormandy, apho Amanyeneyo wenziwe ekuthatheni bridgeheads imikhosi ukuhlaselwa emanzini kummandla German-kuhlalwe, ngokubonakalayo ubonisa ukubaluleka ecwangcisiweyo imisebenzi enjalo. Imizekelo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaselwa emanzini ngokwaneleyo kwimbali Russian emkhosini. Nangona Russia ayikhange kuqhutywa imisebenzi qhinga emanzini, kodwa ukulungele ukwehla umkhosi kwindawo of Istanbul ngo-1917.

imikhumbi Soviet emanzini

Iinqanawa zokuqala ezikhethekileyo emanzini aba yinxalenye Soviet Navy emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Inguqu zithuthi wonxweme olwandle efunekayo wohlaziyo bekufunwa le mbono. Abakhi eSoviet abanalo amava ngokwaneleyo ukuze kwakhiwe iinqanawa kule ndawo. Ngoko ke, imikhumbi yokuqala emanzini babekwa ePoland, e Gdansk zalapho. Yokwakha amandla yangaphambili shipyards German Sheehan iDanzig ikuvumela ukuba uqale ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa uhlobo olutsha noweenqanawa. I kuthotho lokuqala kwaye exandileyo Project 701. itanki intsimbi iinqanawa ukufika Baya bakhonza kumazwe ezininzi awodwa yiSoviet, yaba ngokwayo ngesandla ilungileyo.

Iingxaki nezisombululo

Iinqanawa elakhiwe Umyinge zihambelana kakuhle imisebenzi bommandla wonxweme. Kodwa Soviet Navy ngokuya ifumana Ocean imbonakalo. Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuba ebikhona wobugcisa, ekwaziyo omele butho abenza behlasela ocean, avumele ukutshintshwa imikhosi inkxaso ngaphezu imigama emide. Lo msebenzi kufuneka ukubana iinqanawa ezinkulu navigation ebalulekileyo elizimeleyo. Ngowe-1964, le ndawo yokwakhela Design Bureau Nevsky yasungula iprojekthi ngo-1174 "Rhino". Le cipher wazuza uthotho entsha leenqanawa elakhiwe enkulu (BDK). Amagama iinqanawa ngokwesiko obabulingana isihloko esithile. Uthotho BBC "rhinoceros" abizwa imbeko amaqhawe IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Uthotho "rhinoceros"

Kuqaliswa le projekthi efunekayo isixa esikhulu izisombululo zobugcisa kunye nemiba ingqiqo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukugaleleka isixa esikhulu izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi kwindawo ayikwazi kwangethuba kwangethuba. amandla inqanawa, elo wabelithiyiwe BBC amatsha ziyahluka kakhulu. Oku kuveze imfuneko kuphela uzinzo yokusebenza phezulu eqongeni kokwehla, kodwa kwakhona ukukwazi ukunika inkxaso bagubungele ukuba amajoni ukuba behle. Ngenxa yesi sizathu nezinye, le projekthi ngo 1174 "Rhino" walibala ngamandla. Noko ke, yonke kwenzeka iminyaka eli-14 emva kokuqalisa yophuhliso. Kokwehla nqanawa yokuqala enkulu wangena inkonzo ngo-1978. Total ikwazile ukwakha iiyunithi ezintathu zomsebenzi. Okwangoku, i-Navy IsiRashiya BDK kuphela "Mitrofan Moskalenko."

features design

Ukubana wenqanawa entsha yayimalunga 12 000 tonnes. Project 1174 "rhinoceros" ivumela ukuthutha nelizwe nomkhosi elihamba kunye malunga amashumi mahlanu oomatshini enzima. Xa uluhlu ingami ukuya ku-4000 iikhilomitha elwandle kuyo inyanga nga ngokuzimeleyo kuba imikhosi enqanaweni kunye kokwehla. Iinqanawa abathathu sinendawo enkulu phezu imilinganiso superstructure aft ukudala iimeko obutofotofo Fighters yokuhlala kunye nobuchwepheshe yokugcina. Ube baxhotyiswa izixhobo xa uhambisa izixhobo transportable.

izixhobo

ubunakho wathola ukuvumela ukuba ukunika ukufika kwi kunxweme unequipped kunye unequipped. Project 1174 "rhinoceros" inikeza iindlela ezininzi lo msebenzi. Kuba igqampe elwandle okanye emanzini zinokusetyenziswa ngeempumlo sliding esangweni kunye ithambeka Cyber. Ngabo, kunokwenzeka ukuba zidade izixhobo zomkhosi ezidadayo ngaphandle esondela Foreshore. Isikepe a Dock i feed ikhamera. It yenzelwe non-ezidadayo izixhobo kulayishwa kwi yobugcisa indiza kunye namaqonga self-ngokwaso. Ngenxa yoko, ukuziswa amabutho nqanawa ukuya elunxwemeni akazange ixhomekeke ubunzulu kugqogqa kunye nokufumaneka bonxweme. Ngaxeshanye ngaphezulu kuthetha ukudlulisela imikhosi ukuya BDK "Ivan Rogov" izibulo series, ubonelela ubukho bokusetyenziswa ntaka njengayo ngokuba ekhawulezayo drop-off amaqela ukubetha ukukhanya nenkxaso nemikhosi. Ntaka Group iyakwazi ukunikezela kwi bridgehead ukuya 64 ombutho axhobele moya mnye, ukuba ubanike inkxaso umlilo okanye ngobungxamo.

izikhali

Bekucingelwa ukuba BBC isebenza butho, ukuqinisekisa isicelo sayo. Noko ke, ngo-1174 iprojekthi "Rhino" ngaphandle kwezixhobo embi kakhulu. Inqanawa sasixhasa ukugaleleka zokudubula kunye rocket umlilo. Ukulungiselela le njongo ngayo exhobele okukhawulezayo-76-ezinga- kunaso shelwe uqoqo kwi itanki. Ukongeza imipu amandla ubukhulu umlilo medium of enikwa ezine iyunithi zokudubula-barreled ezintandathu.

System nge ejikelezayo unit zemithi ukuvuleka 30 mm kudala ezixineneyo kakhulu lomlilo. umsebenzi wakhe ukuba ukukhusela ilens bangaphathwa lomoya nolwandle. Air ukuziphendulela BDK wenza elifutshane uluhlu iinkqubo umoya ukukhusela amanyathelo kunye eziphathwayo iinkqubo anti-moya enomjukujelwa, apho turrets ezizodwa start-up zinikwa. inkxaso umlilo iiyunithi ezityalwe kwakhona kubonelelwa inkqubo enomjukujelwa "Grad" izicelo zaselwandle. Xa baxhobe iinqanawa ezifana "Ivan Rogov" kufuneka sibandakanye ezine Ka-29 elwandle-based, ibekwe phezu kumgangatho ophezulu. Ukongeza imisebenzi zokhuselo nokuxhasa ukugaleleka ezi ntaka bayakwazi ukuqhuba anti-inkwili imfazwe kunye sokuhlola.

Ezizezinye "Mistral"

Umyalelo e France ezine ukubetha emanzini udidi inqanawa "Mistral" lalikhatshwa ingxoxo esebenzayo kwi izangqa leengcali kunye noluntu. sixoxa ebizwa lokuthengwa aphesheya leenqanawa imali, nto leyo ebangela ukudideka. ESoviet Union wakha nelunzima kakhulu uninzi lwawo iinkqubo zobugcisa kunye kwezikhali. Omabini la macala-mpikiswano nezizathu imbono yakhe ingxaki. Eneneni, Russia inamandla ukwakha inqanawe nayiphi na iklasi.

Kodwa ke imbali projekthi 1174, nto leyo eyaqhubeka phantse iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, ibonisa yobumbaxa ubumbaxa lo mbuzo. iinqanawa Russian babuyela emva elwandle, kwaye kwakhona umbuzo kuvela inkangeleko ingxenye butho emanzini, iingqikelelo isixhobo kwamandla ulwandle kweli lizwe. Kwikomkhulu Navy, umnqweno okhoyo ukufumana nje kuphela craft kokwehla, kodwa iziko yokusebenza zonke izithuthi, apho uyakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yamaqela.

Yindawo le ekwafikela umkhumbi le inzuzo kubonakala phezu yokulwa eziqhelekileyo nqanawa. Izinto eziluncedo ze "Mistral" kufuneka ibandakanye ulawulo ogqibeleleyo kunye nenkqubo yonxibelelwano. Ukongezelela igqampe umthwalo Ngokufanayo, oko ukuthwala 16 ntaka multi-nxaxheba, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ithuba logwayimbo amandla amajoni. Amagama iinqanawa class "Mistral" abonakalisa amagama izixeko hero Russian. Abelinye iqela kubeka phambili achasayo efanelekileyo nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo lizwe nto leyo ilungu eziphikisanayo blocs zomkhosi, uzalela ubungozi engalindelekanga. Kwaba njalo.

project imvuselelo

Yokuduka eSoviet Union kunye nobunzima kwezoqoqosho elandelayo ebotshelelwe iziseko izithuthi. Kuye kuyekiswa kunye BDK "Alexander Nikolaev". Yaba inqanawa yesibini manqaku. kuphela omnye kwendiza nqanawa enkulu wahlala inkonzo.

Uphuhliso iinqanawa njengayo babeqhubeka befuna ukusilela. nqanawa Lead komdyarho "Ivan Gren" kwakhona wanamathela kwi ezitokisini ngenxa utshintsho rhoqo kule projekthi. ukwala France ukuba unikeze i ezine UDC "Mistral" phantse zange ashiye ezikhethiweyo Navy Command. iinqanawa Russian ezisebenza kwindawo yolwandle, abafuna kwicandelo kokwehla. Amava ebuhlungu ukuthenga iinkqubo izixhobo ezingundoqo evela kwamanye amazwe ulumkisa nxamnye ukwenzeka kwayo. Ukuphuhliswa iprojekthi omtsha zilibaziseke ngokungenammiselo. Ngoko ke, lo ibango namhlanje ukuba endaweni "Mistral" bazakwenziwa-isungulwe "rhinoceros" imveliso BDK cipher. Kakade ke, akukho nto iyahambelana enamabhongo Naval abasebenzi, ngubani ofuna ukuba iqonga elakhiwe ngamanye kunye jikelele, kodwa okoko nje akukho sisombululo enye.