Reserve womyaleli. State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Ngowe-1741, awaya ekhokelwa Commander Vitus wethu, ukuba wafumanisa Commander Islands. Kangangexesha elide bona nabemi. Kwabantu bokuqala baqalisa nazo kunye Aleuts, owaqalisa ukuhlola kwisiqithi ngo-1825. Namhlanje kwilali Nikolskoye on wethu Island - ilali baseAleut, lowo kuphela Russian Federation.

Ukusuka kwimbali reserve

Kumaxesha ombuso umthetheli Islands baba abathengisi ezinoboya ukuya ebutyebini bokumkani. imfuno ongalawulekiyo izilwanyana iye yakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni ubunzima lamatywina, leyo lathotywa kakhulu amanani zabo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, umsebenzi waqalisa ngokhuselo rookeries, izithintelo yokuqala kwimveliso yezimvu kunye iilynx ulwandle kwangena. Ukulawula ukuloba yabo yavunywa ngo-1911.

Kakhulu ngcono imeko kumaxesha Soviet. Ngowe-1958 waba umlomo okuloba weekhilomitha ezimashumi mathathu ngeenxa zonke ezo ziqithi. liyavela reserve yokuqala ngokubaluleka lwengingqi kulo mhlaba ngo-1980.

Igama "Park National Commander" kwaye ubume Federal wafumana ngo-Apreli 1993. Ngowe-2002 wafumana iwonga "Biosphere", ephantsi ukhuselo UNESCO.

indawo

Commander Reserve ise kwi North wePasifiki. ummandla wayo inomda ngasezantsi yoLwandle wethu. Commander Islands - lo esiphelweni elisentshona kwisiqithi i Aleutian arc. Bona lokuceba nasentshonalanga zasemanzini yenziwa ziziqithi 15 ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu.

Ena, Commander Islands

Ngokomthetho oko ozimeleyo rocks ezincinane. I inkulu kubo - kwisiqithi wethu. indawo yayo ephezulu - intaba Steller, okuphakama kweemitha 755. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuba kubabela elo kwisiqithi entle Copper. It is a siqithi tyaba nezisezantsi.

Komandorskii-Aleutian arc iqanjwa rock mlilo. Kwezi ziqithi, umsebenzi mlilo azifani, kunye neenyikima kwenzeka kaninzi. Oku Barr minor (kunqabile ukufikelela 5-6).

Reserve "Commander": Inkcazo

Nguye Nqabakazi Commander. Lo mmandla Aleutian (ena Krai). Oku kuquka amanzi onxweme oLwandle wethu kunye Pacific Ocean. Le ndawo iyonke reserve - 3.648.679 hectares. Lo mmandla uquka hectares 3.463.300 yommandla olwandle 185 379 eehektare zomhlaba.

Ebekelwe bucala ibekwe emazantsi kwisiqithi wethu. Ukongeza, kufuneka Arius Stone Island and Isiqithi Copper, apho zicwangciswe kwiqela indawo ukuya kwimpuma eKamchatka.

Commander Reserve yahlulwe yangamacandelo, ezo ezikhuselweyo ezingafani:

• core ekhuselweyo, apho imisebenzi yabantu abavumelekanga, kunye nokungenelela yalo yeenkqubo zendalo;
• iindawo buffer, leyo ukuba ukuloba limited yaye umsebenzi olungagqibelelanga kwezoqoqosho.

iimeko zemozulu

Commander Islands e neledovitoy emazantsi kuLwandle wethu. Nantsi nehlobo intle kwaye shushu kakhulu. Phantse zonke nyanga kukho iintsuku xa umoya uvuthuza kwiziqithi ngesantya esikhulu - kumgama ongaphezu kwe-108 ngeyure.

Iinjongo nemisebenzi ze egciniweyo

Kwi reserve womyaleli eyabelwe imisebenzi ethile:

• ukhuseleko kwiindawo zendalo kunye amanzi aselwandle ezikufutshane kuyo, ukuze kulondolozwe imeko zendalo izinto zendalo;
• uphando, ulawulo umlando nemvelo;
• esweni okusingqongileyo kunye nemfundo ngezommandla;
• ukwazisana kummandla ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila reserve iindlela zolawulo musa ukubatshabalalisa okusingqongileyo kwaye awuyi izibonelelo zebhayoloji;
• nokukhuthaza ukhuseleko yezembali, yenkcubeko nobuhlanga lemveli.

Ngenxa iyantlukwano eziphilayo enezityalo zaselwandle kunye nezilwanyana, amanzi non-lomkhenkce ebusika kule ndawo yindawo yokondla inani elikhulu yeentaka yamanzi, ubukho izilwanyana ezisengozini, ezinqabileyo esingapheliyo iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. ummandla ena akukho elilingana ngexabiso reserve.

izityalo

Le enezityalo nezilwanyana kummandla iquka iintlobo 383 kwezityalo ezinemigca kunye 158 - ulele. Ngokusebenzisa Commander Islands, kumda osempuma kwintsimi, apho iintlobo 93 izityalo ezinqabileyo bandlala. Akukho amahlathi. Kuyo nayiphi na indawo ye Commodores kugcwele emathafeni. Kuphela ngamaxesha athile zingafunyanwa apha ityholwana rowan yene kunye willow. Ngezantsi kubo ezikhulayo dogwood Swedish, luazeleriya recumbent, crowberry omnyama, phyllodoce Aleutian kunye oluhlaza.

Iintlobo zengca kwi reserve amela anemone raznotsvetkovoy, coil viviparous, goldthread sheeted ezintathu, horsetail ubusika. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya badla ubunzima ngenxa yobuhle bayo. Ezi ntyatyambo okungaqhelekanga badla ipheliswe ngokwenza amaqoqo, nangona isityalo esinetyhefu.

Kukho nezinye amatyholo: konwele eSiberia, Weeks kunye zasendle wavuka tupoushkovy ayinakutyiwa.

In basike bekhula sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, iris setosa, ingca iinwele jiko.

imfuyo

Reserve womyaleli features iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. ababebhalise Kukho iintlobo-25 ezanyisayo, 25 - intlanzi, 213 - iintaka. ezincancisayo ezisendle, kukho iindidi ezintandathu apha. Oku ke ngoboya American, impungutye blue Mednovskiy, ibuzi ezingwevu, vole ebomvu-exhaswa, ndlu mouse, eli adle. Bonke bahlala Island wethu.

Ngakumbi kakuhle-eyaziwa nature reserve okhuselwe rookeries ezinkulu kwezilwanyana zaselwandle, iingonyama ulwandle kunye neengonyama ulwandle wasentla. Ezi zilwanyana kuba rookery joint - amawaka namacandelo elunxwemeni.

Ukutywinwa basonta iintlobo kwezimvu amafubesi. Le zonke iindidi ezininzi zaselwandle, leyo balizukisa reserve ehlabathini. iingonyama ulwandle Northern (iingonyama) bambalwa Komandorsky reserve. seal ezingcitha - amatywina kakhulu kunqabile ukuba izilwanyana Islands. Bahlala kwi izixhobo yonxweme namawa wesiqithi. Esi silwanyana elwandle ngobuhle ngokungaqhelekanga kunye ubabalo kunye nombala zinaso.

Anthurium - ukuze ngokuba amatywina siqithi ngoweqela zamanzi. Maxa wambi isilwanyana ibizwa ngokuba 'phawu-intyatyambo' ngenxa yebala lesikhumba engaqhelekanga: kwisiqalo gray brown okanye ezimnyama saa amabala ezinkulu ezityheli namhlophe ngohlobo amakhonkco. Anthurium - izilwanyana ezinqabileyo, ngoko baphantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente.

Ena (Russia) ikakhulu ihlalwa eziphila elwandle. whale beaked Le Umyaleli kaThixo, mnenga, iminenga kumantla blue, kunye nabanye.

In Komandorsky Reserve ukhusela abantu esingapheliyo iingcuka blue (iingcuka polar). Ubomi yezi zilwanyana uzele ingozi kunye nomzabalazo iyatyhudisa. Malunga nama-40% of njana iimpungutye blue abulawa. Abanye makayiqhawule uhle ezingxondorheni, zibulala nezinye ezidla ezinkulu.

iintaka

Reserve Commander - site oluzalela elwandle kunye namanzi neentaka, kwakunye ikuthintele of zasemanzini kunye wazo ngexesha yokufuduka. Ukhozi indlwane kwi ziqithi, nengabangaba glaucous-enamaphiko, njengeyona nesangxa, ebomvu-Clitocybe.

Njalo indlwane apha malunga nezigidi iintaka, abameli iintlobo elinethoba. Uninzi fulmars, murre eziqhelekileyo, guillemots abamnyama zesiqhelo, neengxobonga. Fulmars bebesenjenjalo igama ngenxa ukuthatheka: abangoyikiyo abantu. A neengxobonga, okanye iziphelo ufile, ngokunjalo ngokuba ngenxa imilo bokuhlala kumlomo, leyo efana kakhulu ukuba izembe. Baye igama yesibini - izikhwenene yolwandle. Ngeli xesha ukusukelwa, umbala sele ngokudangazela ezi ntaka njengokuba akumangalisi ngakumbi.

Xa ekhangela ukutya, ezi ntaka nga ukuntywila ukuba amanzi anzongonzongo kakhulu (ukuya kwi-10 m). Baya kuhlala eliba imizuzu emibini, intlanzi, i elide bafunyanwe belingekawakhuphi. Abanako ngaxeshanye ukubamba ngomlomo wayo ukuya neentlanzi 12.

ukhenketho

Namhlanje, inani elikhulu yabemi bethu kunye neendwendwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe beze engumbeko Commander, ukuba babubone uhlobo ngayo ezi ndawo. Xa reserve kukho bentaba abamanyeneyo ezisinceda ukuba siqonde iyantlukwano kwizilwanyana nezityalo. Routes ukusebenza ngomhla wethu Island kunye yoBhedu wayeqhelene iintaka ziziqithi Toporkov kunye Ary kameň.

Ukongeza, apha ungabona iindawo zembali ezithetha kwimbali yelizwe lethu. NgoNovemba 1741 zepakethe-iphenyane "Saint uPetros", eyayikhokelwa Commander Vitus wethu, waphoswa phezu izixhobo yonxweme ngexesha uqhwithela kakhulu.

Iziqithi, leyo kamva igama umthetheli, baba yingxenye Russia, kwakunye Alaska kunye nezinye zonke iziqithi Aleutian arc. Ke efanayo siqithi entlango, ogama wethu Island, waba yokusabela yokugqibela umthetheli omkhulu kunye noogxa bakhe abathembekileyo.

Ngowe-1867, Alaska kwaye i Aleutian Islands , ebe kuthengiswe ngabo US, kwaye inaccuracy kuphela ebonisa idatha yendawo kule mvumelwano, ingqalelo esi siqithi igcine iRashiya.

Emva ngabembi (1922), kwinkampu umkhankaso odumileyo kunye nokungcwatywa ivunjululwe. Kuye kwaqhutywa nokungcwatywa kweqela kunye Commander wethu. Ukususela ngoko, umthetheli bay iye ibenomtsalane kakhulu kubakhenkethi abafuna ukunqula abaphandi ngokungenaloyiko IsiRashiya ukuya hambo ena yesibini.

mode reserve

Nangona sezulu ngqwabalala iba ngakumbi yaye bakulungele ukuya kutyelela Commander Islands qho ngonyaka. Iinyanga kakhulu ukutyelela ezi iindawo Julayi, Agasti nangoSeptemba. Namhlanje, ezimbalwa iindlela umdla yaphuhliswa myezo. Ukongeza, ungafumana okuphumelela ukutyelela rookeries yezilwanyana zasemanzini. Apha uya kubona inani elikhulu lezilwanyana kwaye bakwazi ukwenza ifoto enkulu.

Ukufumana apho

Phambi kokuba Commander Islands ifikeleleka ngendlea u-moya, ntaka okanye elwandle. Ukusuka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ukuba ukukhumbula Island kufuneka ukoyisa leekhilomitha 735. ukhenketho Marine e Reserve womyaleli amalungiselelo rhoqo.

apho ukuhlala

Njengomgaqo, abakhenkethi ekubhalela ukuba ubusuku kwilali Nikolskoye. Kaninzi, abaququzeleli ukhenketho zamanzi anikezela ngendawo yokuhlala kumagumbi obutofotofo iinqanawa.