Phi kwaye nini ipalamente eNgilani zivela? Imbali ukuvela yePalamente British

IPalamente - igunya yonyulo eziqhelekileyo kulo naliphi ilizwe wedemokhrasi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amagama ahlukeneyo. Kwi-Russian Federation kukucinga kwaSirayeli - Knesset, eJamani - i Bundestag. Imbali eli gunya kwenzeka kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemithetho efanayo zembali. Ngomhla umzekelo urhulumente waseBritani iza kuzama ukuba bakuxelele okokuba ungaya phi na xa iPalamente eNgilani wabonakala.

imvelaphi ye

Kungenzeka ukuba ukulandela ukuzalwa inkqubo yonyulo British ekusingasiqithi ingalandwa ukusuka kwixesha kokurhoxa kwiindawo aseRoma baseRoma. Amanqanaba sokumiswa baba olucothayo kakhulu, kwaye umbuso - buthathaka. Uphuhliso lwedolophu kubangele ukuzalwa iklasi entsha - oongxowankulu, nto leyo uzama ukukhusela izilangazelelo yayo, kunye nabanini ezinkulu kumgangatho karhulumente kulo.

Yemihla kwezinye counties IsiNgesi zaye zathiwa thaca ubungqina bokuba nabameli kwezi ndawo ziye zathunyelwa ukucebisa kartel ookumkani amanene irhafu kunye neminye imicimbi yemali. Ukumkani, Kakade, akuyomfuneko ingcamango kartel kunye abemi kulo mba, kwaye kufuneka isivumelwano esiqhiryiweyo kunye izimvo Crown. Kodwa imibono bakhe kwakusadingeka kuqwalaselwa. Kuyinto kwezi meko e Western eYurophu, kukho iindibano ummeli, nto leyo ibe nefuthe kukuthintele kwi ukulamba yasebukhosini zabo - States jikelele eFransi, Germany kunye Reichstag nepalamente of England. Imbali British ubalisa ukuvela eli ziko ngamandla kunye negama elinye bantu banempembelelo belo xesha - Simon de Montfort.

owawunazo zasebukhosini

Ukuqhubela phakathi iindidi ezintathu abalawulayo waseNgilani yayina ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Le amandla zizigwili yathatyathwa intloko unyana eNgilani John King Henry III. Waye kwenkosi buthathaka kwaye bubugwala owayesoloko phantsi kwempembelelo umntu. umhlaba Razdarivaya nobutyebi bolunye uhlanga, wabangela nobudenge phakathi kwabantu. Ukongeza, kuba amabhongo yentsapho yakhe, uHenry wayeza inxaxheba zomkhosi isithsaba esasiseSisili, apho kuyimfuneko kuye ngokuba uzele unyana. Ngokuba imfazwe, wababuza elesithathu kwingeniso yelizwe.

Ipalamente yokuqala eNgilani ngelo xesha ayidalwanga, ngoko ke ukumkani, akukho namnye unako abe ukumelana eqinileyo kunye nengqiqo. Izicatshulwa ezivela yemihla bethi ukuba zizigwili eyayibacaphukisa kangaka le isisu ezigqithileyo ukumkani wakho, ukuba 'unkenteza ezindlebeni zam. " kwafuneka ukuba athathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

amacebiso ehlokomayo

Ngomhla umbuzo nini yaye apho nepalamente eNgilani, ngaba impendulo ingafumaneka kwi yeziKronike kumaxesha, uninzi lwazo batheza uthuli kwindawo yolondolozo lamathala eencwadi oluntu. Ke ingafunyanwa wakukhankanya isiganeko esenzeka e-Oxford ngo-1258. Ngoko ke izikhulu, nalwazelelelo abanomsindo ka kumkani yabo, ibhunga lasebukhosini bahlanganisana kulo mzi. Kulo bali waya phantsi kwegama 'olulwayo (ngumsindo) cebiso. " Ngokutsho isigqibo zizigwili, amandla abangabaphambukeli lizwe lwalulinganiselwe, umhlaba kunye iinqaba adluliswe nabanumzana IsiNgesi, yaye zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo kwakufuneka ukumkani ukuthethana kunye nabanini ezinkulu.

Knight, no Revolutionary

Ukufeza minyinyiva ukusuka kukumkani, ukuba zizigwili, yaye akazange acinge ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo kartel ezilula kunye noohlohlesakhe. Eli lizwe isidumo loqhankqalazo. Iphiko kakhulu olukhulu abo bavukeli ikhokelwa ngu-Simon De Montfort. Ekuqaleni, umkhosi wokumkani wavuthululwa nguSirayeli, yaza ke ukumkani kunye nonyana wakhe Edward zabanjwa. Montfort waya eLondon waza waqalisa ukulawula eNgilani.

imihlangano omele

Montfort waqonda ukuba amandla akhe akukho exhaswa yi nawaphi na amalungelo, ulula kakhulu. Ukuze silawule ilizwe endaweni yakhe, kwakudingeka ukuba azuze inkxaso-nxaxheba yoluntu. Isigqibo Montfort uye ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni injongo wadalwa iPalamente of England. Oku ikakhulu inkxaso yoluntu, ukufumana iinaliti zemali rhoqo, ukomelezwa ngamandla yobukumkani entsimini.

Ngowe-1265, eLondon enkantolo intlanganiso kwiiklasi amathathu impahla ephakathi eNgilani. It lamcela ukuba ababawa yokomoya wempangelo, kwakunye nabameli ye zokulwa kunye noohlohlesakhe nasezidolophini. Ingxubevange yolwimi yeNkosi amanene kwiminyaka emininzi kamva ngoko ngayo, yaba French kunye intetho iilwimi IsiNgesi sasetyenziswa kuphela abalimi kunye namagcisa. Ngoko ke, iPalamente uye wabizwa ngendlela French. Ingcambu eli lizwi ke lelo nalishunyayezwa "parlo" French, elithetha "lokuthetha".

End of Montfort

Uninzi abahlaseli elide gqitha izipho uloyiso bakhe. Kwaye Montfort ngokukhawuleza baphelelwe ngamandla waza wabulawa nokulwa abaxhasi Prince Edward. UKumkani Power zabuyiswa, kwaye isifundo koko okwenzekileyo ifunyenwe.

intlanganiso yonyulo washiya igunya loluntu nasemva kokuba Montfort. Kodwa phi kwaye xa iPalamente eNgilani wabonakala emva kwezi ziganeko - lelinye ibali.

London Parliament

Yazi kunye neemali ngamava lam ndaqonda ukuba ngaphandle inkxaso kartel kwaye akuyi kuba lula ukulawula England baloo dolophu. Kwanasemva kokufa kwePalamente Montfort kaThixo eNgilani kumaXesha Aphakathi wahlala kwaye enze imisebenzi ethile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze uphephe zoqhankqalazo olunye, ngo-1297 uKumkani Edward isalelo, njengoko apho akukho rhafu ayikwazi kuqaliswa uBukumkani ngaphandle kwemvume epalamente yayo.

Le yokugqibela yakhiwa phezu kwemimiselo ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango kwesivumelwano - ngaloo ndlela wabeka imigqaliselo yobulungisa mihla. ngokoMthetho ngaphaya esivumelwano phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nezifundo bakomkhulu aqinisekisiwe ukuba ukuthobela isivumelwano iza kuba yingenelo yaye, yaye kwelinye icala. Kuphela uhlobo kwintlanganiso yonyulo ukususela ngoko iye yatshintsha.

IPalamente e England yalungiswa

Njengoko igunya esisigxina waseNgilani unelungelo ipalamente yasebenza bamandulo, ukususela 1265. Abameli yezikhulu obizwa kunye nabefundisi aphezulu bafumana igama uxwebhu, ebavumela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi wePalamente kunye isimemo jikelele wabakho ngenxa kartel ezilula kunye bale dolophu.

Njengoko iPalamente wamiswa eNgilani, ingabonwa kurhulumente waseBritani mihla - emva kweminyaka 900 kwiphakati yalo igunya phantse nto itshintshile. yonke IPalamente yahlulwe amagumbi amabini. Lokuqala - iNdlu yeeNkosi - kuquka inzala yabo zizigwili ezathatha inxaxheba "ibhunga olulwayo lwadamba." Bona abameli yezikhulu obizwa kunye nesithunzi ngokomoya. Ngenkulungwane XIV, abefundisi bayishiya intlanganiso epalamente, kodwa kamva wabuyela ezintlwini zakhe. Indlu ephantsi - i House of Commons - ukulidla iindlalifa abo kumaxesha amandulo wathumela "isimemo jikelele". Bona kwinzala Knights kunye nabemi esisityebi. Okwangoku, abameli iNdlu of Commons ziquka namasekela yezikhulu basekuhlaleni, iye apho uluntu lwengingqi siphathiswe ukumela iimfuno zabo kwikomkhulu.

Ukukwazi ukulawula ngqo amandla ubanike amandla okuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwengingqi self-government - iindibano basekuhlaleni zadalwa abahlala ezahlukeneyo kunye nomdla lwedolophu zaye injalo kwiibhodi.

Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liza kuba kwacaca xa kwaye apho iPalamente of England yabonakala. Siye sahlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha impembelelo saba phezu kwinkqubo yonyulo self-government wookumkani IsiNgesi kumaXesha Aphakathi.