Parsuna - na uhlobo yamandulo, kancinane-bafunda ngayo imifanekiso

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, uluntu wazama ukuba zifake ihlabathi elisingqongileyo, iingcinga neemvakalelo zam. Yaba ixesha phambi kokuba imizobo mqolomba zaguqulwa zibe umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. KuMbindi Ages imifanekiso ichazwe ikakhulu kumfanekiso ubuso abangcwele - iconography. Kwaba kuphela ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha, amagcisa baqala ukwenza eni abantu bokwenene: amanani kwezopolitiko, uluntu kunye nenkcubeko. Olu hlobo wetu ngokuba "parsuna" (ifoto yomsebenzi thaca ngezantsi). Olu hlobo ngobude kumzobo saka kwi inkcubeko Russian, Belarusian kunye Ukrainian.

Parsuna - ntoni na?

Igama le hlobo yokudweba lifumene ezivela egqwethekileyo kwigama lesiLatini ngabantu - «yesazisi». Kanye ngelo xesha ekuthiwa umfanekiso umzobo eYurophu. Parsuna - igama generic abangabasemisebenzini Russian, Ukrainian kunye Belarusian ekupheleni imifanekiso kweyama 16-17th, okuhlanganisa icon-yafaka a ingcaciso esengqiqweni ngakumbi. Le kwangethuba yaye ngandlel isintu uhlobo imifanekiso, eqhelekileyo kummandla Russian. Parsuna - le nkolelo lantlandlolo ingqiqo mihla ngakumbi "Mfanekiso", nokuba ubuchule kunye nendlela kwexesha lokubhala.

Ukuvela elithi

Ngowe-1851 yanyatheliswa woSuku "ezindala zikaRhulumente Russian", equlethe imizekeliso emininzi. Icandelo yesine le ncwadi yaqulunqwa Snegirevym I. M., ngubani kuqala wazama ukuba bashwankathele zonke izinto ezikhoyo ngembali ngobude Russian. Kukholelwa ukuba umbhali wabhekisela yokuba parsuna enjalo kuqala. Noko ke, njengoko ibinzana yesayensi ilizwi isasazeke kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 emva kokupapashwa Ovchinnikova, E. S., "Portrait kwimizobo Russian kule nkulungwane XVII." Ku kugxininiswe ukuba parsuna - oku ngoM imifanekiso yokuqala kwiinkulungwane 16-17th.

iimpawu uphawu uhlobo

Parsuna wavela ngexesha lodluliselo yembali Russian, xa ihlabathi medieval lwalusoloko inguqu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela siseko omtsha ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka. Kukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi kule art cala wadala ngabapeyinti ngasendlwini yezikrweqe - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. kunye nabanye. Noko ke, le misebenzi yobugcisa idla ezingasayinwanga kwabayili yayo, ukuze uqinisekise ukuba zabhalwa imisebenzi ethile akwenzeki. Umhla lokubhala le mfanekiso nalo ndawo ibonisa ukuba ophazamisa ukumiselwa ulandelelwano lwamaxesha ngendalo.

Parsuna - uhlobo lwe imifanekiso, ezivele phantsi kweempembelelo kwizikolo Western eYurophu. Indlela kunye nesimbo incwadi idluliselwe imibala eqaqambileyo kwaye pretty ezimibalabala, kodwa ayewahlonela isithethe iconographic. parsuna Ngokubanzi owahlukeneyo apha eziphathekayo kunye nemigomo zobuchwepheshe, yaye stylistically. Nangona kunjalo, bonke amaninzi kusetyenziswa iipeyinti oyile ukudala umfanekiso kwi ngelaphu. Portrait emilise ethunyelwayo phantsi kweemeko kakhulu, wayedla naziphi na iimpawu okanye utyikityo owosindiswa ngawo wena uyakwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani uboniswa.

Njengoko Lev Lifshits, iPh.D, ababhali parsuna ndazama hayi ncam ukuveza iimpawu yobuso okanye isimo sengqondo yomntu ezotywe, afuna ukuba sigcine izimiso screen ntetho ecacileyo amanani, leyo ahambisana ukuya erenkini okanye isikhundla imifuziselo - unozakuzaku, irhuluneli, Prince, nkosi. Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda oko parsuna, khangela nje eni yexesha.

iintlobo

Ubunokwazi amalungiselelo iikopi imifanekiso yaloo xesha, abahlalutyi banamhlanje sichonge iindidi parsuna ilandelayo, ngokusekelwe abasebenzi kunye necebo yokudweba:

- tempera ebhodini, portraits ingcwaba (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- iindwalutho Image: iinkosana, izidwangube, abalindi (Lyutkin ithala Repnin, Naryshkin);

- Church Image lwemigangatho (nguJoachim, Nikon);

- "parsuna" icon.

"Elihle" ( "parsuna") icon

Olu hlobo luquka imifanekiso abangcwele, apho umzobi isicelo ipeyinti oyile (ubuncinane ngokwemaleko emibalabala). Ubuchule icon ezifana kufutshane yaseYurophu Classic. "Parsuna" icon lo usingise kwixesha lotshintsho yokudweba. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zakudala oyile ukupeyinta, kusetyenziswa ukumela ubuso abangcwele ngelo xesha:

- ngokusebenzisa yemizobo ngokusebenzisa indawo emnyama;

- Umsebenzi kwisiseko ngeplanga kunye nomhlaba ukukhanya.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba parsuna - oku fundanga ngokupheleleyo uhlobo mfanekiso yokudweba Russian. Nenkcubeko iza kwenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ezinomdla kakhulu kule ndawo.