Yintoni bonsai? Indlela yokutyala umthi? Elincinane ekhaya?

Ngokuba umntu budinga - a violet eqhubela phambili okanye ficus kunye namagqabi amnyama obukhanyayo. Ngubani na ofuna ukukhula ihlathi ngokwenene esisesandleni encinane emhlabeni.

abalandeli izityalo ezininzi endlwini baye baliva ilizwi twisiseka "bonsai". Kodwa yintoni na bonsai nendlela yokwakha ummangaliso elincinane, abayiqondi. ukuqonda kodwa oku kakhulu esengqiqweni.

History of bonsai

Le fashion imithi ezincinane saa ehlabathini lonke waseJapan. Kodwa ke Japanese akunguye ngunozala ifom entsha zobugcisa. Bonsai wakucinga kuye evela eTshayina. Kodwa ke yaseJapan bayizisa bafezeke.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala kulinywa imithi ezincinane yawa ezandleni mbali ngo-1972. Xa yamangcwaba kwemifanekiso Prince Zhang Hui kwafunyanwa achaza ngokweenkcukacha iteknoloji yokukhula imithi ezincinane. Ngokuqwalasela indlela ngenyameko imizobo ziye Bagciniwe mva, bubuchule kunganxulunyaniswa ulwazi eliphezulu-value. Imizobo yomhla emva ebukumkanini Chinese Tang Dynasty, engqamana 600 BC. e.

I-Chinese ebizwa esizonwabisa "pensay" engaqhelekanga. I-Japanese funda uphawu yaseTshayina ngendlela yakhe, uze ufumane igama elithi "bonsai" lithetha "elinywa yetreyi."

Ke kaloku, abembi bathi amaYiputa amandulo wayesazi ukuba bonsai. Alinywa zizityalo ezincinane kwizikhongozelo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa wababiza ngokwahlukileyo. Ngelishwa, inguqulelo saseYiputa igama iye yagcinwa.

Yintoni i ngongoma

I-Japanese bazisa ubugcisa yokukhula izityalo ezincinane bafezeke. umthi ngamnye kufuna iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi yi umninindlu, ingqalelo kunye nomonde. Indlela kuphela ukufumana wobugcisa eluhlaza ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elide ngaphezu umdali wayo. Beautiful ziya kufumana abafundi nomvuzo abathi banolwazi kakuhle oko yaye kangakanani iinzame bonsai inkosi ubeke kulo ngobuhle.

Ubugcisa bonsai - yinto bulumko ethile ekuvumela ukuba amkele ubomi kwaye ujonge ubuhle flow yayo. Wonke umthi ezandleni inkosi iya ngezigaba ezithathu, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Okokuqala, ulikhaya oselula, udano kunye amathayara kunye noxinzelelo, ngoko wangena ukuvuthwa, lwathi kwimfezeko kunye nobuhle iifomu, yaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela - ebudaleni, yoncedo bonke ubulumko behlabathi. Yaye, ngapha koko, a bonsai - luphawu ukuqhubeka izizukulwana, kuba mncinane entsatsheni kufuneka bafunde ukusuka amava kwaye akwazi ukugcina oko wadala abantu abadala.

Yiyiphi imithi zikhuliswa

Amaninzi, ukuze sikhule kwiziphathi kusetyenziswa iintlobo evergreen. Oku kuba bekwazi Japanese, konwele Chinese, Cryptomeria, pyatilistnaya, nompleyini emnyama okanye obomvu Japanese. Bonsai imithi yezi ntlobo ikhangeleka gqitha, kodwa abanye bakhetha ukuba batyale imithi zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, kukho ikhubalo ekhethekile kwi ukutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka. Kulo mzekelo, bamba i Plum Japanese, imithi apile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, cherries, ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo maples, rozi, azaleas zasendle, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amapere, nepersimmons, iidiliya zasendle, willow kunye nabanye.

Bonsai pine ibukeka intle kunene kwaye engaqhelekanga, njengoko kubonakala kwifoto ngezantsi, ngoko rhoqo ukuhlangabezana le mithi pine efinyeziweyo.

IziTayile Bonsai: Tokkan and Moogi

Nkqu inkosi kakhulu onamava soze ukufumana izityalo ezimbini twatse. Kodwa zonke iingoma wenza yahlulwe ngokucacileyo zibe uhlobo. Eli siko Ndaziswa ubugcisa bonsai yi Japanese. Bona banikwa inani nokonyulwa izizathu apho imithi zahlulwe izimbo. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-30, kodwa siza kuqwalasela ixhaphakileyo.

Ukuba ubona isityalo bonsai kunye isiqu ngqo, kwandiswe emhlabeni, ngoko ke indlela esesikweni tye - Tokkan. Olunye uphawu ebalulekileyo ngaye - encotsheni kwisityalo kufuneka zauzhatsya. Kulo isimbo, uyakwazi ukukhula naluphi na uhlobo kweenkuni. Umfanekiso Tokkana - ubulolo abanekratshi nesimilo alawule.

Ukuba sityalo side nkqo, kodwa amasebe awo awunalo isakhiwo ecacileyo, yaye zicwangciswe ngequbuliso, ngoko eli isimbo Moogi. Isiqu mthi ungagotywa, kodwa kwincam mfuneko ezotywe ngokuhambelana nesiseko, kusekwe indawo nkqo. Moogi ubonisa lula kunye nenkululeko, ukanti - umnqweno ukuya ngaphaya iimeko ephikisayo.

Fukinagasi and shakai

Oku izimbo bonsai, njenge ifoto ukuba wenza imimoya enamandla gusty. Kuba shakai (style akekeleyo) luphawulwa ithambeka kwi-engile emhlabeni, ke wona umthi uza kuncothulwa. Fukinagasi (baphikele ngumoya) usenokuba umngxuma caba ukuthambeka, kodwa isebe yayo kwicala elinye (kwicala ithambeka), njengomthi ikhule kwi ngumoya onamandla. Olube ezi ngeendlela - uxhathiso amandla endalo kunye nomzabalazo ubomi.

indlela Sokan

Sokan lithetha "buti olusabufolokhwe". Le style eye yabangela ukuba abalandeli bonsai indalo ngokwayo, ngokuba rhoqo engcanjini efanayo uMphanda liphuma, enye yazo yomelele kwaye nangaphezulu. Umthi ingaba iflethi okanye oluthambekileyo, akukho kubaluleke kakhulu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kufuneka ibe isithsaba eqhelekileyo. Yenza bonsai efanayo ekhaya kangangoko kunokwenzeka, enika imbonakalo umphanda yesebe lisezantsi yesibini. Olube yale isimbo - ekuqhubekekeni izizukulwana kunye nezithethe wokuhlonipha. maxa wambi Sokan obizwa ngokuba "amawele" okanye "uyise nonyana".

Kengay and Khan kengay

Yinto isuntswana iintlobo ze bonsai kwi ndachithelwa kunye polukaskadnom isimbo. Kengay - njengomthi ikhula kwi eweni eweni. Ukuze siphile, kwafuneka ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezinzima. uphawu isimbo - plasticity kuzo zonke iimeko.

Khan kengay uba kwicala oxwesileyo ngakumbi ukukhula stem. Imithi, ezifana ukukhula elunxwemeni, ukuzama ukufikelela isithsaba emanzini. Hyun-kengay - bonsai, photo leyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba amasebe musa ngaphantsi phakathi imbiza, incam izityalo zisoloko zibekwe ngentla komgangatho ophantsi.

Kuba ezi uhlobo ukukhetha izityalo zeplastiki umboko ukuvumela. Kukhethwa a ngcu emthini, cotoneaster, konwele.

Bundzingi

Le style ithathwa omnye kakhulu kunzima ukuphumeza. Ke yena omnye kakhulu yamandulo. Kungenjalo, le ibizwa ngokuba "zoncwadi." Loo gama ngenxa yokuba izityalo kufuneka ifom oganogram "oonobumba be Japanese." Masters ezifana ukubhala imiqondiso calligraphic, ikhula imithi kunye iziqu elide kujikwa ngaphandle amasebe asezantsi. Crohn kule hlobo bonsai kuvunyelwa kuphela kanye phezulu. Uhlobo imele ndandifeketha na kanti ukuphakama. Kuba ukukhula conifer okhethiweyo okanye uhlobo olubanzi-zodonga.

Charming Ose-sikhula

Ngaba unokuyithelekelela indlela iimbiza bonsai wakhulela apho ehlathini encinane? Lo uhlwayela indlela Ose-sikhula. Le composition ubunjwe inani elikhulu imithi iyimitha eyahlukileyo, kunye ubukhulu kunye nobudala esityalo. Kaninzi iqalise inani elingumnqakathi lemithi, nto leyo ke kaninzi ke zohlobo olufanayo. Ndibatyale akaba nakugcinwa wolingano uphambuke ezintethweni umgama elifanayo. Ngoko ke, inkosi ufumana ipaki yayo okanye copse ezincinane, efana kakhulu ukuya kwindawo zasendle.

indlela Sharimiki

Bakhanyiselwa Japanese baye bafunda ukubona yamakhazikhazi mzuzu zonke zobomi. Baye bazibonakalisa ukuba ukwaluphala nabo babe bahle. Ukwenza le yinto - Sharimiki style oko kukuthi "umthi ufile". umthi ezingezizo ikhula amaxolo esidala isiqu kususwe ingxenye, kwaye vybelivaetsya imithi, ukudala umahluko phakathi kwabafileyo kwaye uyaphila. Sites ukhuni kwabafileyo Babaqhathanisele kugoba, kodwa kufuneka ibonakale ngokucacileyo. Ngokuba lo hlobo ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa konwele.

ukutyala bonsai

Ukuba uza kukhula echazwe abaqalayo ummangaliso uyazibuza ukuba ukulima njani bonsai. Ungakwenza oku ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Miso indlela. Oku ilungele kwabasaqalayo experimenters. It livalelwe ngokuhlwayela imbewu abayiqokeleleyo zasendle. Kulo mzekelo, ungakhetha ukusuka ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane yenye into efunekayo, uze uqale yokukhula kancinane ukusuka ekuqaleni.
2. Indlela Toriki. Oku ngokulima izityalo ezincinane ezivela izithole okanye emva komnye. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, endaweni ekunene Imi yesebe okanye kuthenwa amaxolo neenkuni iphathwa kunye zokukhawulezisa namahashe wavula ukukhula. Wood moss lingavakali isabelo kunye bhanyabhanya kwaye 3 (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu) kwiinyanga. indawo umda ayiniki ndiyitshise yonke ixesha.
3. Indlela Yamadori. ixabiso elithelekelelwayo gama - "waza wemba phezulu." Spring ehlathini okanye umyezo sisityalo efanelekileyo, ndimbe ndiwujikeleze nilishiye libe iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze kwakhiwe amahashe kumphezulu. Emva koku iingcambu Bazomelezela kancinane elifutshane, isityalo licatshulwa emhlabeni, kwaye iqala ukuyilwa bonsai embizeni.
4. Indlela Ueki. Ekubeni kukho indlela eso kuthengwa isityalo esitsha uzilungisele nursery, ngoko inqunyulwe kwaye etyelwe flat embizeni. Okanye uthenga bonsai abatsha, kwaye phambili luthe lwahluma, ngokusekelwe ukhetho lwabo ngendlela.

Njani ukuba isityalo

Umsebenzi ophambili bonsai likhula - nyanzela umthi ukuhlala amancinci. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka isantya nokukhula kwaye anike imilo oyifunayo. Kuba inhibition ukukhula badla wonqanyulwa, iingcambu kunye amahlumelo abaselula kususwa, khetha umhlaba ibhityile, sebenzisa imali encinci isichumiso kunye neembiza ezikhethiweyo okhethekileyo bonsai, apho inkqubo iingcambu zikhula ngamandla. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa inkqubo buthathaka ezingenayo incindi, okubangela amanxeba tyaba phezu kweenkuni okanye criss-ukunqumla wire umphanda.

Xa isityalo simile ngokwaneleyo, baqale usike amasebe awo kunye Arch. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa i ucingo lobhedu, leyo bamthiyele namasebe nezikhonkwane ezisisigxina a yeentyatyambo. Bend kungcono ukuqala ehlotyeni, xa namasebe dyondzisaka. Ukuze ukuba umonakalo isithsaba, indawo uyigobayo bujikelwe ngentambo ethambileyo okanye bast.

ukuthenwa kwangexesha kunceda ukuvusa imfuneko izintso ekhulayo. Ukuba wenze i ifomu efanelekileyo kufuneka ithunyelwe kwisebe ekunene, ngoko khetha zezintso, unamathela kwicala lasekunene, ndinqumle isebe ngaphezu kwakhe, eshiya ngasentla kunye hemp.

Ngendlela, ukuba kulinywa bonsai pine, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngokusika ngokuqaphela okukhulu. amasebe yonakele tyheli. Oku kusebenza kwezinye Conifers.

Indlela yokunyamekela izityalo

Isityalo kufuna inkathalo kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Ukuze ukhule ngendlela endilisekileyo bonsai, unonophelo ekhaya ngaphandle unyaka wonke. Ezi ziquka kwezithole, ukutyebisa, ukunkcenkceshela.

Repotting kwenziwa ngcono entwasahlobo. Kufuneka ilunyukelwe kakhulu into yokuba iingcambu musa akhule kwaye musa awakhi ibhola. Xa oku kusenzeka, umthi liyasuswa kuthabathele empahleni ezizidendeleko, iingcambu qhawulwa ze abuyele isityalo kuloo ndawo, kodwa kumhlaba entsha.

Ukwenza ngokulima umxube wamatye 3/5 zomhlaba, 1/5 umgquba kunye 1/5 esantini. Umhlaba kwisingxobo ngokupheleleyo tamped ukuze kungabikho imigodi. Ukuphakama umhlaba kwi isingxobo -. Malunga 5-6 cm ngaphezu kwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ihonjiswe ngamatye kunye moss.

Ukondla oluqhutywa entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Bekhefu egcinelwe malunga neeveki ezimbini. Encomekayo ukulungele ukusebenzisa isichumiso ulwelo organic kunye ubulongwe beentaka, nto leyo ithe yaziswa ngokusebenzisa iiyure ezi-2 emva kokuba ukunkcankcashela.

Yintoni enye kufuneka ukhule Bonsai enempilo entle? Care ekhaya kufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa inala rhoqo. Abantu abaninzi kumisa i bhotile umthi encinane kwisingxobo amcaba ngamanzi. ezantsi kwayo ezizaliswe ngamatye ezincinci ze sizibeke nothango lwaso. Umgangatho wamanzi yetreyi kugcinwa kwinqanaba elinye. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwandisa ukufuma nokunciphisa yamanzi.

Amanzi imithi ezincinane kubalulekile kukuninzi. Kodwa kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo uhlobo lwesityalo, ngenxa yokuba abahlali kweendawo zemozulu ezahlukeneyo iimeko ezahlukeneyo yamanzi. Umzekelo, amancinci zodonga Carmona - a bonsai umthi care efuna yokunkcenkceshela enkulu ngemihla. Kodwa Jade ngoko yamanzi kuyingozi, iingcambu zawo abakwazi ukumelana ngobuninzi ukufuma kunye rots.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umthi ezincinane kufuneka amanzi rhoqo, nokuba ifomu akayithandi omanzi, apho kukho ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• amagqabi phezu amasebe ezinkulu nezininzi ngakumbi;
• isityalo etyalwe isikhongozeli encinane okanye iflethi, ukususela ngumphunga ukufuma ngoko ezinkulu ukusuka kwindawo phezu zeendawana;
• igumbi yome kakhulu kunye nomoya ezishushu.

Ukongeza, isityalo akayi ukuthintela ukutshiza rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba iintlobo evergreen kungenziwa kutshizwa ngamanzi enkolo kuphela. Ukuba usebenzisa itephu abaqhelekileyo kwi amagqabi nentyatyambo ezimhlophe Nondeducibility ibonakala.

Ngoku ukuba uyayiqonda into bonsai, ungenza uzame ukudala wobugcisa yakho. Kodwa cinga nokuvavanya amandla abo. Ukuba nomonde ngokwaneleyo, mhlawumbi kufuneka ukuba uthathe kulo msebenzi onzima.