Oxides ezisisiseko neempawu zazo

Oxides - into kabani molekyuli luqulathe i-atom oksijini igcwala - 2 kunye atom into yesibini.

Le oxides akhiwa basabela ngqo phakathi oksijini kunye nenye into okanye ngokungathanga ngqo - ngenxa yokubola zeenqwelwana, iityuwa, asidi. iikhompawundi uhlobo abanjalo yande kakhulu kwindalo, kwaye babakhona ngohlobo igesi, ezingamanzi okanye eziqinileyo. kolu qweqwe lomhlaba nazo oxides. Umzekelo, isanti, umhlwa, icarbon dioxide , kunye namanzi ngokwesiqhelo - yonke imizekelo oxides.

Kukho njenge ityuwa-yenza uze nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Ityuwa-ukwakha ngenxa iityuwa isivuno reaction imichiza. Ezi ziquka oxides zesinyithi kunye nonmetals, nto leyo ziyimpendulo namanzi ukwenza acid, yaye asabela kunye kwisiseko - ityuwa, kwaye asidi. To ityuwa-uyila ziquka, umzekelo, oxide zezobhedu.

Ngenxa yoku, ukusuka ityuwa nesoleobrazuyuschih akunakwenzeka. Njengoko umzekelo, icarbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, ne -nitrogen oxide.

oxides Salt-uyila yahlulwe, ke, phezu esisiseko, acid kunye amphoteric. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi iinkcukacha malunga engundoqo.

Ngoko ke, lo oxides esisiseko - kuba oxides zesinyithi ezithile, ezi hydroxides esihambelanayo ziphantsi udidi iziseko. Oko kukuthi, ngokuthi zakudibana iasidi izinto ezinjalo kuba amanzi kunye netyiwa. Umzekelo, oku K2O, cao, MgO, njalo-njalo. Xa iimeko eziqhelekileyo, le oxides ezingundoqo zolwakhiwo eqinileyo crystalline. Degree metal oksileniya xa iikhompawundi ezifana kudla ayikho ngaphezu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezinqabileyo.

iimpawu eekhemikhali oxides esisiseko

1. Reaction ne acid

Ngoko ke indlela kunye oxide acid ubonisa iimpawu zayo ezisisiseko, kunjalo ezi amalinge angabonisa uhlobo oxide oluthile. Ukuba ityuwa kunye namanzi kwakhiwa - yoko, a oxide esisiseko. oxides emuncu kwezo intsebenziswano ifomu acid. A nga ukubonisa iipropati amphoteric okanye emuncu, okanye esisiseko - kuxhomekeka kwiimeko. Ezi umahluko omkhulu phakathi oxides nesoleobrazuyuschih.

2. Ukusabela ngamanzi

Xa zidibene ngamanzi angene ezo oxides zesinyithi ezithi kwakheka inani ombane zombane, ejongene wemagniziyam. Phezu asabela ngamanzi, zakha iziseko awonayo. Eli qela oxides umhlaba obrak kunye neemethali kwealkali (barium oxide, lithium oxide, njalo njalo). oxides emuncu emanzini ukwenza acid, kwaye amphoteric modem emanzini.

3. Reaction kunye oxides esidi amphoteric

Phambi oxides yayo nakuhlobo lwemichiza zisenokuxabana nezinye, ngaloo ndlela bakha ityuwa. Umzekelo, oxides usisiseko zisenokuxabana esiti kodwa musa ukuphendula namanye amalungu eqela labo. Abo kakhulu sikhuthele oxides zesinyithi kwealkali, ialakalin-mhlaba kunye wemagniziyam. Nangona phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuba ihlanganiswa oxides eqinileyo amphoteric, acid owomeleleyo sukube. Phezu asabela kunye oxides emuncu, bakha iityuwa ahambelanayo.

Kodwa ke oxides ezisisiseko yezinye izinyithi esebenzayo ngaphantsi nangokusebenzayo musani zisenokuxabana le oxides sukube (asidi). Kokuba aqale indlela kufuphi nokuhlangana kuphela alloying kunye oxides acid okuqinileyo.

4. Properties Redox

oxides Active metal kwealkali musa ukubonisa ngokukhawuleza ekunciphiseni okanye oxidizing iipropati. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, le oxides azikho nje isinyithi esebenzayo lulama amalahle, hydrogen, ammonia okanye carbon monoxide.

Ukulungiswa oxides esisiseko

1. hydroxides siqala: kwisiseko ezingenakunyibilika xa ukubola ndinobushushu amanzi kunye ne-nitric esisiseko.

2. oksijini zesinyithi: Iifomu metal peroxide kwealkali xa utshisa oksijini, ngoko enza engundoqo wokwehla oxide.