Owasungula le theory reflex. Development kunye nemigaqo theory reflex

Kuzo zonke incwadi eziphilayo uthi ngunozala ingcamango reflex - Ivan Pavlov. Oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa phambi komzimba odumileyo Russian, abaphandi abaninzi baye bafunda luvo. Kwezi, igalelo elikhulu esenziwa ngutitshala Pavlova Ivan candelo.

theory reflex IMVELAPHI

Igama elithi "jerk" libhekisela esiphilayo eziphendula umfutho kwangaphandle beyenza. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa lo mba uye iingcambu zemathematika. Lo gama yaziswa yamachiza nenzululwazi René Descartes, owayephila kwinkulungwane XVII. Wazama ukuchaza ngoncedo imithetho yemathematika, apho kukho kwihlabathi eziphilayo.

Rene Dekart - hayi ngunozala ingcamango reflex ngohlobo olulo mihla. Kodwa Wasisusa kakhulu into kamva yaba yinxalenye yalo. Descartes wanceda Uilyam Garvey - ugqirha IsiNgesi ngubani kuqala wachaza inkqubo yokujikeleza emzimbeni womntu. Noko ke, naye wasondeza ngokohlobo ngomatshini. Kamva, le ndlela iya kusebenzisa Descartes. Ukuba Harvey wafudukela Umgaqo yayo kwisixhobo lwangaphakathi eziphilayo, nogxa walo French isicelo kule lokwakha intsebenziswano yento ephilayo kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle. imfundiso yakhe, wachaza usebenzisa igama elithi "reflex", ezithatyathwe ulwimi Latin.

Ukubaluleka obafunyanwa Descartes '

Zesayensi bakholelwa ukuba ubuchopho bomntu liziko onoxanduva ukunxibelelana nehlabathi ngaphandle. Ukongeza, wacebisa ukuba aye kwi-luvo. Xa iimeko zangaphandle ezichaphazela iziphelo kwiindawana, umqondiso uya ebuchotsheni. Ukuba Descartes yaba ngunozala kumgaqo Determinism eziphathekayo imfundiso reflex. lo mgaqo kukuba nayiphi na inkqubo ndixhalabele ukuba kwenzeka ingqondo, zibangelwa yintshukumo isivuseleli.

Kamva, komzimba Russian Ivan Sechenov (owaseka theory reflex) Descartes ngokufanelekileyo wabiza omnye izazinzulu apho wayethembele kwizifundo zakhe. Kulo mzekelo, i engumFrentshi waba ezininzi ezingachananga. Ngokomzekelo, wayekholelwa ukuba izilwanyana, ngokungafaniyo nabantu, ungumntu afterthought. Siqwalasela kumava amanye isazinzulu Russian - Ivan Pavlov - lubonise ukuba akukho. Inkqubo ukoyika izilwane isakhiwo esifanayo ebantwini.

Ivan Sechenov

Omnye umntu, lowo wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ingcamango reflex yi Ivan Sechenov (1829-1905). Waye utitshala kanye umsunguli amalungu Russian. I Isazinzulu yokuqala emhlabeni yesayensi wacebisa ukuba iinxalenye ngaphezulu ingqondo abasebenza ingqondo kuphela. Phambi kwakhe, iingcaphephe kunye physiologists hayi bacinga mba mhlawumbi zonke iinkqubo zengqondo komzimba womntu enemo nokomzimba.

Ngexesha uphando e France Sechenov wabonisa ukuba ubuchopho kuchaphazela phezu umsebenzi weentshukumo. Wasisusa ngxaki yokusetyenziswa inhibition engundoqo. Uphando wakhe uye udale furore kwi zomzimba yangaphambili.

Formation e-worldwork theory reflex

Ngowe-1863 Ivan Sechenov wapapasha incwadi 'ingqondo of the Brain ", olususa umbuzo malunga ngubani na ngunozala ingcamango reflex. Kulo msebenzi oko laliqulunqwe uninzi lweengcamango Obumbe isiseko ingcamango mihla benkqubo ephakamileyo luvo. Ngokukodwa, Sechenov waxelela abaphulaphuli ukuba le reflex kumgaqo siseko. Ihlala isibakala sokuba yonke imisebenzi abazi kunye zingqondweni zayo eziphilayo lifinyele asabela ngaphakathi kwinkqubo luvo.

Icandelo sasingaziwa kuphela izibakala ezintsha, kodwa wenze umsebenzi omninzi malunga Yindibanisela ulwazi esele eyaziwa malunga nokomzimba ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ungqinile ukuba yempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba odergivaniya ngesandla eqhelekileyo, nangenxa ukuvela iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo.

iimbono, egxeka Sechenov e-Russia

Society (ingakumbi Russia) akukho ngokukhawuleza zaqalisa imfundiso le komzimba ezikrelekrele. Emva ethi "ikhaliphe of the Brain", amanye amanqaku ukuba sisazinzulu bayeka apapasha kwi "Contemporary". Sechenov ngesibindi bahlasela ingcamango zenkolo zeCawa. Yena waye uthanda izinto ndaza ndazama ukubonisa zonke ngokwemiqathango nokomzimba.

Nangona uvavanyo engumxube eRashiya, iziseko thiyori umsebenzi reflex bamkelwa ngezandla ezishushu luluntu Yehlabathi Old yezenzululwazi. iincwadi Sechenov ziye zapapashwa eYurophu circulations wawumkhulu. Scientist, nokuba lixeshana wafudukela imisebenzi yakhe iphambili uphando kwiilebhu Koloni. Uye wasebenza enemveliso kunye igqirha French Claude Bernard.

theory receptor

Xa kwimbali inzululwazi ukufumana imizekelo emininzi ngayo izazinzulu, ilahleka, umnikelo iingcamango musa ne yokwenene. Loo ityala nga ngokuba ithiyori receptor of bashile, echasene izimvo Sechenov kunye Pavlov. Zahlukene njani? Receptor theory reflex of iminqweno ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuchaza uhlobo impendulo komzimba kwizinto yangaphandle.

Kunye namacandelo, yaye Pavlov wayekholelwa ukuba reflex - yinto yokuba inkqubo esebenzayo. Lo mbono ke akhuselweyo kwinzululwazi mihla kunye namhlanje kucingwa ukuba ngenqindi phantsi aqinisekisiweyo. umsebenzi reflex kukuba eziphilayo basabela njani kwezinye ezintweni kakuhle ngaphezu kwabanye. Nature esahlula eyimfuneko evela ezingeyomfuneko. theory receptor, phezu koko, uthi izivamvo basabela kokusingqongileyo nje.

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov - ngunozala ingcamango reflex belingana kunye Ivan Sechenov. Wafunda indlela luvo bonke ubomi bakhe waza waba izimvo komanduleli yakhe. Le nto ke iye utsale umphengululi kunye elintsonkothe. Imithetho-siseko ye-theory reflex eyangqinwa eksperimenti komzimba. Nkqu kude eziphilayo kunye namayeza abantu beva ibinzana elithi "inja Pavlov kaThixo". Kakade ke, akukho sithetha sisilwanyana thina. Oku kubhekisela kumakhulu izinja Pavlov esetyenziselwa eksperimenti zakhe.

Umfutho kuvulwe ikhaliphe unconditioned kwaye ukuyilwa lokugqibela zonke ingcamango reflex yaba waphawula elula. Pavlov wayeneminyaka elishumi ukufunda inkqubo yokucola ukutya yaye ezininzi kwezinja ukuba uyathandwa kwilebhu yakhe. Esinye isazinzulu wayezibuza kutheni ivela namathe kwanesilwanyana, phambi kokuba linikwe ukutya. Eminye kokuma lubonise uxhulumaniso Akumangalisi. Amathe liqala ukuba eme ngeenyawo xa inja beva, zingahlokomi nje izitya okanye ilizwi lomntu ukudla kwakhe. Oluphawu ekwenyukeni indlela leyo ebangela imveliso incindi esiswini.

ikhaliphe Unconditioned ne conditioner

Ityala ngasentla nomdla Pavlov, waza waqalisa uthotho imifuniselo. Ziziphi izinto Beza ke owaseka theory reflex? Descartes, ngenkulungwane XVII wathetha impendulo komzimba kwizinto yangaphandle. komzimba Russian wathabatha njengesiseko ingqiqo. Ukongeza, wanceda ingcamango reflex Sechenov. Pavlov waba umfundi wakhe ngqo.

Okwenzeka izinja, ISAZINZULU weza ingcamango ikhaliphe unconditioned kunye conditioner. Iqela lokuqala luquka iziphene ephilayo ethile, amafa. Umzekelo, yokuginya, lwakhe, njalo njalo. D. Of ikhaliphe moya Pavlov wabiza abo ephilayo wamkela emva kokuzalwa ngenxa amava kunye neempawu ze-bume lobuqu.

Ezi mpawu azibhalwanga ilifa - ukuba ayikukhuthazi ngamnye. Ngelo xesha, umzimba ungaphulukana le reflex, ukuba, umzekelo, batshintsha iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye akusekho kuyimfuneko. Owona mzekelo idumileyo le reflex conditioner yi Pavlov linga kunye nezinja elebhu. Animal wafundisa ezibangela ukutya emva ukukhanya igumbi ivuliwe. komzimba Kwabe ukuvela ingqondo ezintsha. Eneneni, kungekudala ekuqaleni nenja ngokwayo ukuba zivuze izinkcwe xa wabona ibhalbhu ifakiwe. Kulo mzekelo, ayizange ukuthwala ukutya.

theory migaqo mithathu

Imigaqo ngokubanzi recognised institution of theory reflex Sechenov-Pavlov kaThixo zancitshiswa imithetho emithathu. Ntoni na ke? Eyokuqala kuzo - umgaqo Determinism eziphathekayo ziqulunqwe Descartes. Ngokutsho kuyo, inkqubo nganye kuthiwa nemithambo ngesenzo somdlali umfutho kwangaphandle. Lo mthetho isekelwe ingcamango reflex iinkqubo kwengqondo.

Okwesibini - umgaqo lwesakhiwo. Lo mthetho uthi isakhiwo e-nervous system ixhomekeka kwisixa nomgangatho imisebenzi yabo. Kuqeqesho ibonakala ngolu hlobo. Ukuba umzimba lo ingqondo, wayo umsebenzi ngaphezulu koyika uyahluka primitiveness.

Umgaqo lokugqibela - umgaqo zohlalutyo kunye yokuqaphela. Ihlala yokuba kwezinye luvo na braked, kwaye abanye - yimincili. Le nkqubo a kulingwa nokomzimba. Ngenxa ephilayo lakhe lokuphumla akakwazi ukwahlula izinto ezinzulu ezingqongileyo.