Osip Hope biography photos

Enye Ummiselo kakhulu ebuhlungu yalungiselelwa ukuba urhulumente ukuba imbongi omkhulu ezinjengezo Hope Soviet. ngobomi bakhe liqulunqe kangaka ngenxa yohlobo ezingadibaniyo ka Osipa Emilevicha. Yena nako ukuma inyaniso yaye akazange afune ukuba niqubude phambi abanamandla. Ngoko ke, ngenye ngaloo mihla kwaye wayengenakuba okumhleleyo, ukuba wayesazi kunye Hope. engobomi bakhe ethi, kwakunye imisebenzi wembongi enkulu, isifundisa lukhulu ...

Budushee imbongi wazalelwa e Warsaw ngoJanuwari 3, 1891 esakhula wachitha eSt Petersburg Osip Hope. Philaretus, ngelishwa, ayizange yabhalwa nguye. Kodwa inkumbulo yakhe sisiseko ethi 'The Ingxolo Ixesha. " Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa ubukhulu becala ngokuphila kwakhe. Qaphela ukuba iinkumbulo Hope ngayo esakhula zibukhali, ndazibamba - wayebaphepha ukubhengeza ngokwabo, akazange ungathanda ukuphawula on kwisihobe zakhe ubomi bakhe. Osip bekukusasa ekhula imbongi, hayi kanye mandithi, ukuba abuye abone. Ilifinyeze ubunzulu umahluko indlela lakhe.

Sikholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ubomi kunye nomsebenzi wembongi, ezifana Hope. biography emfutshane mayela loo mntu ngenkankulu efanelekileyo. ubuntu Osipa Emilevicha umdla kakhulu, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ifanelwe isifundo kakhulu ngenyameko. Njengoko ixesha eliboniswe, omnye lexikulu Russian iimbongi zenkulungwane yama-20 yaba Hope. biography elifutshane, inikwa iincwadi, ayanelanga ngokucacileyo ukuba ingqondo enzulu yobomi bakhe kwaye nasemsebenzini.

Imvelaphi imbongi

Kunoko, ithowuni emnyama tinged kunye omncinane enokufunyanwa memoirs Hope malunga esengumntwana kunye esibhakabhakeni. Ngokutsho imbongi, intsapho yakhe "kunzima nezintsonkothileyo '. Xa ilizwi, intetho lubonakala ngamandla ethile. Ngoko ke, ubuncinane, wacinga Hope. Yaba uhlobo yokuthetha "isiqalelo" entsapho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlanga lwamaYuda Hope iseyaluphele. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-8, ukususela kwimihla ukukhanya yamaYuda, wanika ihlabathi oogqirha udumileyo, yemvelo, abafundisi betyalike, ababhali-mbali uncwadi kunye nabaguquleli zeBhayibhile.

Hope Aemilius Veniaminovich uyise Osip, ngusomashishini kunye self-wafundisa. Waba elingenalo ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo ngolwimi. Hope, kwincwadi yakhe "Ingxolo Ixesha" waphawula ukuba ngokupheleleyo akazange abe ulwimi, kwaba "bezyazychie 'kuphela ne' ulwimi-tayi". Ngamanye amaxesha ke Osipovna Flora, unina imbongi nomculo notitshala. Hope waphawula ukuba isichazi-magama ukuba 'abe "kunye" ihlwempu ", ajike obungabangeli mdla, kodwa ngano kunye, kucacile" ulwimi enkulu Russian. " Evela kumama wakhe ilifa Osip, kunye musicality kunye ukuthambekela isifo sentliziyo, ukuchaneka le ntetho, uvakalelo esikhathazayo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Imfundo e Tenishev yorhwebo esikolweni

Hope kwixesha ukususela 1900 ukuya 1907 wafunda kwi Tenishev yorhwebo esikolweni. Kucingwa elinye lamaziko best labucala lemfundo kwilizwe lethu. Ngaxa lithile bafunda Zhirmunsky, Vladimir Nabokov. Umoya ezazikhona apha yaba ngokwasengqondweni-obungqongqo. Kwesi sikolo wahlakulela iminqweno umsebenzi oluntu nenkululeko kwezopolitiko. Kwiminyaka 1905-1907 ye revolution yokuqala Russian akwazi ukunceda kodwa awele radicalism kwezopolitiko kunye Hope. Biography of konke konke ngokusondeleyo enxulumene iziganeko kwexesha. Sisihelegu imfazwe kunye Japan kunye nexesha revolution waphefumlela ukuba adale yemifuniselo stihovtornyh yokuqala, leyo kuthathwa Student. Hope wathabatha kwenzeka ayaguquka njengokuba bechwayitile jikelele, Sihlaziyeke element.

uhambo phesheya

idiploma School yena wafumana May 15, 1907 Emva ukuba imbongi wazama ukuqala ekulweni umbutho SRs eFinland, kodwa lwemfundo yabaqalayo ayizange yamkelwe apho. Abazali baxhalabile ngekamva, unyana wakhe, wangxama ayithumele isono ukufunda kwamanye amazwe, apho Hope waya kathathu. Ixesha lokuqala yena wahlala eParis ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1907 ukuya lasehlotyeni lika-1908 koko, imbongi elizayo waya eJamani, apho University of Heidelberg wafunda Romance Philology (ukusuka ekwindla ka-1909 ukuya emthonjeni ka-1910). NgoJulayi 21, 1910 ukuya kowama-Oktobha, wayehlala Zehlendorf, Berlin dolophu. Kude kube imisebenzi zakutshanje kwimibongo Hope sivakalisa intlokoma wakowabo kunye neNtshona yeYurophu.

Ukudibana ne-Anna Akhmatova kunye Gumilev, acmeism indalo

Intlanganiso ukuvela ekukruqulayo Ahmatovoy kunye UNikolai Gumilev ichazwa imbongi Osipa Emilevicha. Gumilyov ngo-1911, le hambo Abyssinian babuyela eSt Petersburg. Kungekudala baba ezintathu kaninzi kubonwa kwi ngokuhlwa zoncwadi. Kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuba iintlekele - ukudutyulwa ENU ngo-1921 - Osip wabhala Akhmatova, Nikolayu Gumilevu ukuba ilawulwa kuphela ukuqonda imibongo yakhe, nokuba yena uthetha naye, kuba incoko. Malunga nendlela Hope, Akhmatova ngayo, njengoko oko kungqinwa ibinzana bakhe: ". I - owayephila Akhmatova" Kuphela Osip Hope (ifoto naye ekukruqulayo Andreevnoy uchazwe apha ngasentla) bani esidlangalaleni oku ngexesha Stalin bolawulo, xa Akhmatova waba Imbongi hlaza.

Zonke ezintathu (Hope, Akhmatova kunye Gumilev) acmeism baba Abaseki kunye nabameli ezigqamileyo, le meko intsha kwiincwadi. Biographers ziye zaphawula ukuba phakathi ekuqaleni zochuku kwavela kuba Hope waba irascible, olungumbandezeli Gumilyov kunye Akhmatova abangenazigqibo.

Ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo

Ngowe-1913 wadala ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yemibongo yi Hope. Biography ziyenze sele kudale iziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye namava ubomi njengoko kwakusele ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo. Le mbongi liye likhuphe le ingqokelela ngeendleko zakhe. Okokuqala, wayefuna ukubiza incwadi yakhe "Shell", kodwa emva koko bakhetha elinye igama - "Stone", nto leyo gqitha ngomoya acmeism. Amalungu ayo ungathanda ukufumana ihlabathi ngokutsha, ukunika wonke enesibindi nizihlahlele igama abasweleyo kunye elegiac yinkungu komkhusane, njengalo Symbolists. Rock - kwezinto eziqinileyo kwakunye elide zendalo, banaphakade esandleni senkosi. In Osipa Emilevicha nguye iibhloko zokwakha ephambili inkcubeko ngokomoya, hayi nje lo mbandela.

Osip Hope ngo-1911 waba ngumKristu, wenza i "shift kwinkcubeko yaseYurophu." Nangona wabhaptizwa Methodist Church (e Vyborg May 14), iindinyana zokuqala imifanekiso yakhe wathimba Siyithandile yamaKatolika umxholo. Hope ubanjiwe yamaRoma Katolika bokubanga acwangciswe izimvo jikelele. Phantsi kolawulo eRoma, ubunye ngamaKrestu ehlabathini we-West uvela nengoma kwezizwe, abanemfundo. I "iliwa" enye yecawa liyilwe yamatye, "ubungnqongqo abangenabubele 'abo' ekulo wemvelo."

Isimo sengqondo revolution

Kweli thuba ukususela 1911 ukuya 1917 kwi-University of St. Petersburg, iofisi yesebe Romano kwisiJamani, Hope wafunda. ngobomi bakhe ngeli xesha yabalasela imbonakalo lokuqokelela yokuqala. Kunzima na enxulumene kokuqhambuka revolution ngo-1917. Scandal kunye nokungaphumeleli waphela naziphi na iinzame Osipa Emilevicha ukufumana indawo kwi laseRashiya entsha.

Collection Tristia

Ivesi ixesha revolution kunye imfazwe Hope zenza ingqokelela entsha Tristia. Oku "Book of buhlungu" lwapapashwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1922 ngaphandle inxaxheba umbhali, yaye emva koko, ngo-1923, phantsi kwesihloko "Le ncwadi yesibini," iprintwe eMoscow. It ukuqinisa umxholo kwexesha, ukuhamba imbali, nto leyo sibhekiswe kwintshabalalo yalo. Ukuya kutsho kule mihla yokugqibela yale sihloko kuya kuba umnqamlezo bephela kule mbongi. Le ngqokelela kwaphawula umgangatho Hope hero entsha lyrical. Ngokuba kuye, akusekho siqu, non-nxaxheba kwi-flow jikelele kwexesha. ilizwi lyrical yeviwa kuphela nje intlokoma kukugquma kwexesha. Kwenzeka ntoni kwimbali elikhulu, waqonda ukuba nje konakele nokwakhiwa "itempile" ye self.

Ukuqokelelwa Tristia kwaye zazibonisa utshintsho olubonakalayo indlela wembongi. texture Waxonxa ezihamba ngaphezulu kule, "mnyama" ixabiso, shift lwesemantiki imivumbo ulwimi ngqiqweni zombhalo.

Ukuzula e Russia

Osip Hope kwi 1920 ekuqaleni. Ndiya ndimka becala emazantsi eRashiya. Wayetyelele Kyïv, apho wadibana nomfazi wakhe elizayo, N. Ya. Hazinoy (ingasentla), ndachitha ixesha elithile kwi Voloshin e Koktebel, emva koko waya Feodosia, apho Wrangel counterintelligence bambamba esolwa zaseMelika. Ke, emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, waya Batumi Osip Hope. ngobomi bakhe kudale ukumbopha entsha - ngoku kwicala Coast Guard of the Mensheviks. Osipa Emilevicha bayakhululwa T. entolongweni Tabidze kunye N. Mitsishvili iimbongi Georgian. Ekugqibeleni, ezibhityileyo kakhulu, wabuyela Petrograd Osip Hope. ngobomi bakhe iyaqhubeka oko waphila ixesha kwiNdlu of Arts, waza ke waya ngasezantsi, zaza zahlala eMoscow.

Noko ke, kwiminyaka yee-1920, akukho mkhondo eseleyo yangaphambili amathemba kunye namaxhala ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Nokulandelelana ke poetics yokutshintsha of Hope. "Ubumnyama" ngoku kusiba ngokucacileyo kungaphezu kwayo. Ngowe-1925, kukho ukudubuleka elifutshane nobuciko iye yahlanganiswa kunye obathandayo Olgoy Vaksel. Emva koko, imbongi iwela cwaka kwiminyaka eyi-5.

Hope kwisiqingatha ye2 1920 - ixesha lobunzima. Ngelo xesha, imbongi cwaka, akazange ukupapasha imibongo ezintsha. Alikho elinye usebenza Hope alibonakali kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5.

YeZibheno ukuba iprozi

Ngowe-1929, Hope wagqiba ekubeni babuyele iprozi. Wabhala incwadi "The iprozi yesine". Xa volume, ukuba incinane, kodwa ndandihlamba ngokupheleleyo Hope ukujongelwa ababhali ithuba, abo amalungu Massolit. Kangangexesha elide umphefumlo imbongi xa kopilas le ntlungu. I "iprozi yesine" wabeka isimilo Hope - exabana, umonakalo, esisingxami. lula Osip ukwenza njengeentshaba kakhulu, akazange azifihle imigwebo yakhe kunye noqikelelo. Ngale Hope njalo, phantse yonke iminyaka post-mbuso, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuhlala phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. yena ngo-1930 ilindele kufa. Hope abayithandayo of ngetalente abahlobo bakhe kakhulu kunene, kodwa kwakunjalo.

impilo

Ngayo ukuphila ngeendlela ezininzi ityhila umfanekiso indoda enjengam nje Osip Hope. Biography, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga naye, ukuba imbongi ezinxulumene kwawo esisodwa kuye. Osip waye ezingafanelanga ukuba ubomi yokuhlala, ebomini. Ngokuba kuye, ingqiqo wendlu enqatyisiweyo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu, umzekelo, Bulgakov akazange akunamsebenzi. Ihlabathi liphela likhaya kuye, kwaye ngexesha elinye Hope waba abangenamakhaya kweli hlabathi.

Ekhumbula Osip ekuqalekeni 1920, xa efika igumbi kwiNdlu of Arts kwi Petrograd (kwakunye nezinye ababhali abaninzi kunye iimbongi), KI Chukovsky waphawula ukuba kukho nto owawuza wayevela Hope, ngaphandle icuba. Xa imbongi ekugqibeleni wafumana indawo yokuhlala (ngo-1933), B. Pasternak, ngubani waba kutyelelo watsho ephuma, kuyenzeka ngoku ukuba babhale imibongo - yokuhlala apho. weza Osip kule ngumsindo. O. E. Mandelshtam, ogama Ibhayografi kuphawulwa ngeziqendu ezininzi intransigence, uqalekisiwe endlini yakhe wada wacela ukuba naye emva kwabo Zazenzelwe wavele: portrayer, abancethezi abanyanisekileyo. Loo eyoyikekayo esazi intlawulo leyo efunekayo kwayo.

Sebenzani "Moskovsky Komsomolets"

Wakha wazibuza ukuba baqhubeka nendlela yokuphila imbongi, njengoko Hope? Biography imihla luhamba wasondela 1930 ebomini bakhe kunye nomsebenzi. Bukharin, umxhasi Osipa Emilevicha kwizangqa karhulumente, amalungiselelo oko Ekuveleni nenani-1920-30 kwiphephandaba "Moskovsky Komsomolets" umqondisi. Oku imbongi kunye nomfazi wakhe ubuncinane iindlela ubuncinane yokuphila. Kodwa Hope wala ukwamkela 'imithetho yomdlalo "ngababhali Soviet ababekhonza indlela. impulsiveness kwakhe ezigqithisileyo nesithukuthezi nzima kakhulu Hope neentlobano noontanga. Yena embindini kwihlazo - imbongi watyholwa zokuveza kule nguqulelo. Ukuze akhusele Osipa Emilevicha kwimiphumo kwihlazo 1930, Bukharin walungelelanisa utyelelo imbongi ukuba eArmenia, nto ezo a ma enkulu kuye, kodwa kuyabonakala emsebenzini wakhe. Iivesi ezintsha ndikuvile ngokucacileyo kwaye ithemba lokugqibela boyika ithemba uyindoda. Ukuba Hope e iprozi ezama ukubaleka esiphangweni ezayo, kodwa ngoku ekugqibeleni wathabatha isabelo sakhe.

Ulwazi nentlekele Isiphelo sakhe

Ulwazi nentlekele ikamva lakhe, ukuzikhethela yakhe kusenokwenzeka ukuba wamqinisa Hope wamnika enhle, bokubanga kabuhlungu yemisebenzi yakhe entsha. Ihlala longquzulwano zobuntu simahla wembongi, "ngenkulungwane-irhamncwa." Hope uziva isisulu ulusizana, indoda encinane phambi kwakhe. Uyaziva ilingana kuyo. Kulo mbongo 1931 "Kuba umfundisi nanobukroti emaphakadeni azayo", nto leyo wabizwa entsatsheni 'Ingcuka ", Hope kwaye abonakala ekuthinjweni ukuza eSiberia, ukufa kwakhe, nokungafi enkondlo. Kuninzi imbongi waqonda kwangoko kunezinye.

umbongo shwa malunga Stalin

Hope Nadezhda Yakovlevna, umhlolokazi Osipa Emilevicha, wamshiya umyeni wakhe iincwadi ezimbini memoirs, osixelela ubuqhawe wombingelelo yale mbongi. Ukunyaniseka Hope wayesoloko erhangqwe kwi ukuzibulala. Ngokomzekelo, ngoNovemba 1933, wabhala Stalin umbongo kabukhali satirical, athi ixesha elininzi nabahlobo bam, kuquka Boris Pasternak. Boris Leonidovich wothuswa yi bayahlelwa yimbongi wathi kumbongo wakhe - hayi Enyanisweni, akukho nomnye, njengokuba "njengesenzo ukuzibulala," ukuba uvume ukuba akakwazi. Pasternak bacetyiswa ukuba ukuba bafunde kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Noko ke, akanakuhlala cwaka Hope. Biography, olunomdla kuzo thina nje wacaphula, kule mzuzu kuba kabuhlungu ngokwenene.

Isigwebo Hope, ngokumangalisayo, iye yanikezelwa phantsi ithambe ngokwaneleyo. Ngelo xesha kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu "amaphutha" ngaphantsi kakhulu ebalulekileyo. Isisombululo Stalin Masifunde kuphela: "ikheswa kodwa balondoloze". Hope wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni kwilali kumantla Cherdyn. Apha Osip, abaphethwe disorder ngengqondo, wada wafuna ukuzibulala. Abahlobo bandinceda kwakhona. Sele ukulahlekelwa Impembelelo Bukharin lokugqibela wabhalela uQabane Stalin, ukuba ziimbongi basoloko ekunene, ukuba imbali ngeenxa lwabo. Emva koko Osipa Emilevicha sakhutshelwa Voronezh, kwiimeko ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Kakade ke, Isiphelo sakhe kokuvalelwa. Noko ke, ngo-1933, kanzima oko kwakuthetha ukuba sibhengeze umbongo Stalin kwaye kwabonakala ukulungisa amanqaku buqu mbongi. Kwaye ke nakanjani akandifanele Stalin, "nguyise wohlanga". Stalin wayesazi ukuba ukulinda. Wayesazi ukuba lonke ixesha. Kulo mzekelo, ulindeleke Enkulu Terror ka-1937, apho Hope wayemiselwe, kunye amakhulu amawaka abanye abantu obungalandekiyo shwaka.

Iminyaka yobomi Voronezh

Voronezh afihla Osipa Emilevicha, kodwa afihla naye nentiyo. Noko ke, akazange ayeke ukulwa zizicheku, masiqhubekele beza kuye, Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam. biography akhe ezo minyaka kuphawulwa neengxaki ezininzi. Akabanga indlela sokutya, ukudibana naye wasinda, akukacaci Isiphelo sakhe. Hope sakhe sonke babevakalelwa njengoko iyafika kunye "ubudala-irhamncwa." Ukutyelela kwakhe elubhacweni Akhmatova wangqina ukuba egumbini lakhe khosi "emsebenzini Ndithelekelele lakhe." Ngaba iindinyana unstoppable bafune ukukhululwa. Memoirs zibonisa ukuba Hope Wabaleka ukuya ifowuni pay kwaye ufunde umphandi, leyo ke eqhotyoshelwe, imisebenzi yabo entsha. Wathi ukuba akukho mntu ukufunda ngakumbi. luvo engenanto zaba imbongi, kwimibongo, yena batshize intlungu yakhe.

Voronezh ukususela 1935 ukuya 1937, abathathu "Voronezh Notebook" sele yenziwe. Kangangexesha elide le misebenzi mjikelo ziye alipapashwanga. Nezepolitiki abanako ababiziweyo, ke waqonda ukuba kunzima nkqu mibongo "cala" njengoko babenjalo isihobe, unganqandeki kunye abalawuleki. Kwaye kuba amandla akukho akanangozi, ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho J. Brodsky, "neentshukumo yonke indlela yobomi" hayi inkqubo nje yezopolitiko.

Buyela elikomkhulu

Ukuziva ukufa close yanikelwa imibongo ezininzi eli xesha, njengoko imisebenzi lonke Hope 1930. Ikota Voronezh amakhonkco liphelelwe ngoMeyi 1937 Omnye unyaka Osip wachitha kummandla eMoscow. Wayefuna ukufumana imvume ukuhlala kwikomkhulu. Noko ke, abahleli kwijenali ngaw 'omane nje ukushicilela imibongo yakhe, kodwa ukuthetha naye. Imbongi mngqibi. Yena wancedwa kweli xesha, abahlobo kunye nezihlobo: Boris Pasternak, Shklovsky, V. Kataev, kulya Ehrenburg, nangona bathe baba nexesha kanzima naye. Anna Akhmatova wabhala kamva malunga nonyaka 1938, kwaqalisa ixesha "YeApocalypse".

Ukubanjwa, ekuthinjweni kunye nokufa

Kuhleli kakhulu kancinane ukuthetha ziimbongi ezifana Osip Hope. biography emfutshane bakhe kuphawulwa ukumbopha omtsha, wathabatha indawo Meyi 2, 1938. Wagwetywa iminyaka emihlanu yomsebenzi onzima. Ngoko ke waya East Far. Akazange abuye ukusuka apho. NgoDisemba 27, 1938 kufuphi Vladivostok, eminqubeni lowesibini umlambo, imbongi wabanjwa kunye nokufa.

Siyathemba ufuna ukuqhubeka iyazazi wembongi elikhulu, Hope. Biography, iifoto, indlela creative - konke oku kwenza ukuba kuthethwa ngayo. Noko ke, wajika kuphela imisebenzi Hope, unako ukuqonda lo mntu, uziva amandla yobuntu bakhe.