Ezinye iilwimi

Zonke iilwimi ezithethwa emhlabeni, unamalunga isakhiwo xaka efanayo. Ngokutsho kwabaphengululi, iziyelelane zamandulo musa ayisekho. isihlomelo ngasinye Lifanele vangama esibonisa nenkcubeko ethetha abantu kuwo.

Ukuze athi ngqo zingaphi kukho namhlanje nezihlomelo ezinzima. Ezingaphelelanga umbuzo njani ukuphuhliswa kolwimi yenzekile. Ngaphezu koko, akukho nto imiyo, ukuba zonke ezi lwimi, patois, lwaso, ekhoyo kwi Umhlaba baziwa kwinzululwazi. Ngokutsho kwezinye oqikelelo angqingqwa, inani labo abakhoyo ngeelwimi ehlabathini idioetnicheskih ezisukela ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ukuya amawaka amathathu. Ngokuhambelana kunye kumabanga aphezulu, inani iziyelelane na izihlandlo ezininzi enkulu.

Kukho usapho ezisisiseko ngengqiqo. Le ngokuhlelwa kuquka ngokwamandulo abelwe kumaqela zolwimi. Zahlula ngokungqinelana unxulumano eengingqi. Ngeli thuba eyintloko okanye onke amasebe engenayo ngokwamaqela zolwimi kunye nomnye, kwaye neziyelelane ezininzi ezaziwayo.

Ukusebenzisa iseti yokuqala ndlela lothelekiso zembali isiduko Indo-Europe. Emva olwimi, abaphandi abaninzi (Russian, isiFrentshi, Italian, isiJamani, Danish, njl) iye yavulwa ukuba bathathe isifundo esebenzayo imiqondiso nomini kwi iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo Asia naseYurophu ezifanayo ngembonakalo. Abaphandi German baye ngokuba eli qela "Indo-esiJamani" (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha basambiza njalo). Noko ke, kwamanye amazwe, awusebenzi kule kota.

Amaqela ulwimi Yahlula zibandakanyiwe usapho yaseYurophu Indo-yokuqala - i Greek (nto leyo iziyelelane kuphela isiGrike), Iranian, Indian (Indo-Aryan). Kwakhona iquka isebe Italic. Ekuqaleni ulwimi Latin. Kamva kwakhiwa inzala ezininzi kweli sebe. Ngenxa yoko, kwakhiwa Romance mihla, Celtic, eBaltic, esiJamani, Slavic iqela lolwimi. Kwakhona ezifakiweyo ayinabantu, isiAlbania nezendawo Armenian. La maqela zeelwimi iimpawu ezinxulumene ezaziwayo. Ngokuphathelele koku ezi neziyelelane ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kukho i Indo-Iranian, iilwimi Balto-Slavic.

Usapho yaseYurophu Indo-ungaphantsi inani iziyelelane ezenza kube kwezinye iintsapho. Noko ke, oko obanzi kakhulu indawo, kwaye inkulu yi nenani lezithethi (nokuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo bonke abantu zisetyenziswa njengolwimi lwesibini iSpanish, isiFrentshi, IsiNgesi, Russian, IsiPhuthukezi kunye nabanye abaninzi).

usapho phambene kuquka amasebe amabini. Inani nezendawo ubandakanyeka, ngaphezu amabini, ukuba uthatha ulwimi olulodwa Sami. Xa siqwalasela Sami iziyelelane ngabanye, ubuninzi obupheleleyo ngokomyalelo kwezihlomelo mane.

iqela ulwimi Finno-Ugric ithathwa ukuba zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo. Inani elipheleleyo izithethi - abantu abamalunga nezigidi mabini. Oku kuquka kwiBaltic-Finnish (Estonian kunye Finnish), Ugric (IsiHungarian, Mansi, Khanty), Finno-iVolga (Mari kunye Mordvin iziyelelane), Perm iqelana (Zyryan Komi kunye Permian Komi kunye neelwimi Udmurt). A indawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala Sami lwesigodi.

Isebe yesibini yentsapho phambene - Samoyeds.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaqela ezinye iilwimi ukuba yinxalenye yalo mkhaya kwi ukuphela eqongeni. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka iziyelelane ezincinane Finnic (ngaphandle Veppsian). Of ulwimi ezine Samoyed ndasala ndedwa - Nenets. Mhlawumbi, oko engasekho Votic lwesigodi.

Ngokutsho zophando ezininzi, ulwimi kwasekwa malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Noko ke, abanye ababhali zithetha kwezinye amanani. Ngelo xesha kusekho inkqubo yemfundo ulwimi awukacaci kakhulu.