Modern non-fiction, into oyiyo: i-off enye okanye ukufunda iincwadi esinzulu?

Xa "nyembezi" romance kunye amabali Detective imincili, ebandayo ibali eyimfihlakalo kwaye kwamnandi inoveli kuhamba ixesha uza zoncwadi non-fiction. Yintoni uhlobo uhlobo ogama ethandwa, ngokutsho data Publishers, ukwandisa minyaka yonke? Ziziphi iimpawu zayo kwaye ngaye umdla? Siza kuzama ukuphendula yonke imibuzo ephakanyiswe kweli nqaku.

Uhlobo iincwadi: ntoni na?

Ulwahlulo uqhelekileyo zonke iincwadi - icandelo ibe lwamabali abanye - non-fiction (non-fiction). Xa imisebenzi efana neenoveli, amabali amafutshane, imidlalo, amabali, athethwa uncwadi, ubotshiwe ukuba abalinganiswa etsomo kwaye owavela ibali. Ba imibongo iprozi. Ngenxa yoko, bonke ubugcisa imisebenzi zoncwadi zahlulwe iindidi ezifana iprozi ngokwasengqondweni yohlobo ebubuxoki.

Ngokungafaniyo zamabali, iincwadi non-fiction awusebenzisi amabali etsomo, iziza kunye nabalinganiswa, yaye imelwe:

• iincwadi;
• izichazi-magama;
• encyclopedia;
• monographs;
• ubuntatheli;
• iibhayografi;
• memoirs kunye nezinye iindlela.

Yintoni a non-fiction?

Makhe sijonge kwinkcazelo non-fiction, yintoni na. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kule ncwadi ayikho iziganeko etsomo kunye izibakala, njengoko zobugcisa journalistic uhlobo loncwadi apho umbhali ngokusebenzisa bemilo yobuhle bakhe, imbono yokuziphatha okuyiyo, nezibhaliweyo-akhawunti sengqiqweni izibakala na abalinganiswa kunye neziganeko. Ekubeni le ncwadi, oko kukuthi, i-vutshila ilizwi, umbhali usebenzisa umbutho compositional kwisicatshulwa kunye nemifanekiso iindlela ezahlukeneyo elubala thaca emsebenzini. Ngenxa yoko, non-fiction - umsebenzi wokubhala, bopha izibakala ngokuphathekayo yokwenene ebomini.

Xa kwakukho non-fiction?

imithombo ixesha, ukuvela elithi "non-fiction" kwaye imveliso yokuqala kungayanyaniswa olu hlobo yaba kunyaka 1965 xa yapapashwa ethi "abandayo Blood," Truman Capote. Njengoko ukuba xa kwekota entsha, asiyi siphikisane, kodwa apha, njengoko ibizwa namhlanje, travelogues okanye amanqaku zokuhamba (ezifana Radishchev "Journey ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow", "Iifrigate" Pallada "," Goncharov okanye Gertsenovskie "elidlulileyo yam kunye neengcamango") zadalwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba kwisiqingatha sesibini lwekhulu XX. Apha ufunda nje ke, babengazi ukuba le yeyona ncwadi ilungileyo non-fiction Russian!

Siza uxabene, ubize ezimbalwa ezakudala mihla uhlobo. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhankanye uStephen Hawking, omnye yemvelo abaziwayo abahlaziya theoretical component. Esebenzisa iincwadi zakhe uhlobo lenzululwazi non-fiction inkoliso Earthlings ndafunda imingxunya abamnyama kunye neempawu zazo.

Capote ne "nokubulala zinegazi elibandayo" kugqalwa ibali zakudala inoveli. Tomas Vulf nge isiqingatha ivuso sesibini lwekhulu yokugqibela, iincwadi, uphando «I-Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test» kunye «I Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake zokuhlengahlengisa Baby» udale indlela ezintsha zophando kunye ngokwabo zovavanyo.

Types of non-fiction

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo of non-fiction - oko kukuthi, Kubalulekile ukuba ihlale engqondweni yayo multi-amaninzi, njengoko akukho nje ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye reference iincwadi ezithandwayo, oko kuquka kwakhona kunye neenkcazelo amazwe kunye nezixeko, amanqaku, abahambi, ubuntatheli kunye nezincoko. Imisebenzi ye olu hlobo ukuba esonwabisa ukuthetha ngezinto amahle ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana eSoviet kwincwadi othi "Eureka" yakhululwa iincwadi ezingaphezu kwama-300, ezifikelelekayo umdla ndibalisa zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo kunye nembali yazo. Abanye, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, ethi "Glass" N. Katchalov okanye "Unyango isithukuthezi, okanye imbali ice cream," Bogdanov, ukuze abambelele kule isifundo zesayensi yezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kuthi.

Ifunyanwa ekudibaneni kwe ubuntatheli uhlobo zoncwadi of non-fiction iye zokuhlelwa eziliqela, kodwa siza kujonga lowo olusetyenziswa kwincwadi zokupapasha "ekhishini":

• iibhayografi kunye memoirs;
• Imibhalo documentary;
• lesincoko;
• iinowuthsi travel (travelogues);
• ukugxekwa;
• uphando;
• iincwadi;
• tutorials;
• izichazi-magama;
• encyclopedia;
• amaxwebhu zobugcisa.

izinto zakutshanje abavakalisa electronic non-fiction, ukuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ulwazi umdla.

Iimpawu ze uhlobo

Sele wachukumisa phezu Noko ke, ozenzisayo kancinane, ingakumbi uhlobo non-fiction. Yintoni na? Ngokufutshane dwelisa iimpawu eziphambili:

- kukungabikho amabali etsomo kunye nabalinganiswa;

- ibali iziganeko uhamba inqubo ngayo umbhali;

- ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa sedrama;

- ". Ndawo ngokuthi ndawo" isakhiwo ngokwasemisebenzini zesakhiwo olukhulu

Ngubani na lo mba?

Ngamaxesha Soviet, lona okuninzi non-fiction and fiction izihloko, memoirs kunye iibhayografi. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula uthotho emangalisayo ezifana leencwadi ZHZL - "Ubomi Abantu Iyamangalisa" (epapashwe "Young Guard"), "Imbali inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe", "Amaphepha yembali kwilizwe lethu," "Library" Quantum "(epapashwe" Science "). Apha ke ngoku kunzima igama nayiphi na enkulu indlwana Russian, non-fiction aziyi kupapashwa. Enye iinkokeli imarike Russian iincwadi "ezinobunyaniso" - ndivakalisa "UFO" - epapasha iincwadi uhlobo kwimbali ophilileyo, amaqela ibe kuthotho "inkcubeko ngemihla", yaye "Eksmo" ubuso uthotho "iibhayografi enkulu. angle Upheliso, "" Memoirs - xxi Century "". amaKhosikazi iSilver Age ", "AST-Press" Publishing House ipapasha swihloko leswi nge "Science and noxolo" tutorials "Iilwimi ngaphandle Borders", indlwana "Kuchkovo endle" zabavakalisa memoirs, kwaye inkampani "Kolibri" - uthotho 'into ngokwalo ", nto leyo intetho ethi malunga izinto ezilula ezifana ityuwa kunye nezinye. "Ajax-ucofe" lipapasha uthotho kwabakhokeli "Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa".