I mitotic Umjikelo uphawu inkqubo langoku

Division - impahla ebalulekileyo iiseli. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ukunyuka kwenani micro-eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo okanye abantu kwiseli enye. Ukongeza, ithi iqinisekise nokuhlawulwa ancedisana nkqu yonke amaziko eziphilayo multicellular.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isethi iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kwixesha phakathi kwamacandelo amabini, ebizwa umjikelo iseli. Kuthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba. Ngaloo ndlela, uphawu efanelekileyo interphase kunye nomjikelo mitotic apho iseli iyahlula.

Ukugcina imali ofanelekileyo genetic material lipasisa kabini iimolekyuli DNA. Ukongeza, xa ujongano eyipasile biosynthesis kweziyi kunye nokusekwa kwezitraksha cell ebalulekileyo.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba interphase elide ngaphezu ukwahlulwa ngokwayo. Oku iqulathe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• ixesha presynthetic - liphawulwa ziinkqubo ukukhula esebenzayo, lo Yindibanisela iiprothini nangenucleic acids, kwaye ukuyilwa activators ezithile xesha zokwenziwa. Iseli ifikelela ubukhulu yayo yesiqhelo kwaye ibuyisela iyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze le organelle. Ixesha eli thuba - iiyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku.

• Synthetic xesha - esibonakala DNA phindana kunye Yindibanisela histones, athi abenoxanduva ukuphakheja nucleosome nucleic ezisandula kuhlanganiswa, kwakunye kabini lwe zofuzo kunye centrioles. Ixesha eli thuba - ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezili-12.

• ixesha postsynthetic - ihlala de mitosis, luphawulwa ukuqokelela amandla protini Yindibanisela tubulin, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze ulwahlulo cell. Ukugqitywa kwexesha leeyure 2-4.

Emva sidlula mitosis interphase inyathelo, nto leyo nayo luphawulwa iinkqubo ezithile ezilandelelanayo apho iiseli intombi akhekha iseti kakuhle echazwe zofuzo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mini kuhlala sizathu alaziwa ukupheliswa kwenkqubo ngokucandeka. Ayaziwa kwaye indlela leyo ebangela ukuba yokuphindela wayo, nangona iihomoni enyusiweyo leyo sisenzo komjikelo mitotic iyasebenza. Le miba ukulawula ubungakanani labemi leeseli, nayo ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo.

Ngomjikelo iseli mitotic iphenjelelwa glucocorticoids. Prolactin, thyrotropin, estrogen kunye androgens nazo iyakwazi ngendlela ethile nefuthe ukwahlulwa iiseli zomzimba target.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ifitsha yamathumba ebubonisayo zilandelayo - kumjikelo lwabo luphawu lomzimba cell mitotic (yonke imihla). Bakholelwa ukuba xa uchatha ithumba kwenzeka ukuhla Uvakalelo ephilayo r. N. chalones - iiseli inhibitor.

Kwi kwisahlulo kunye nobukhulu yabantu yeseli kuchatshazelwa yi umsebenzi kwenkqubo lysosomal, kuba enqanda alo ukusebenza yingozi.

Kufuneka ke ukuba ukuyilwa iiseli ezintsha kuxhomekeke kuhlobo esiqwini, impembelelo yeemeko zangaphandle kunye nemeko komzimba umzimba, ngoko kwezinye iimeko ukuze abe neempawu ngabanye, luphawulwa ukukhula ngakumbi yabantu iseli okanye ukupheliswa kwenkqubo.